AoPS Community 2016 India IMO Training Camp

India International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp 2016

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c299003
by gavrilos, IstekOlympiadTeam, Ankoganit, Mukhammadiev, Problem Penetrator, ABCDE, va2010

– Practice Tests

– Practice Test 1

1 An acute-angled ABC (AB < AC) is inscribed into a circle ω. Let M be the centroid of ABC,
and let AH be an altitude of this triangle. A ray M H meets ω at A0 . Prove that the circumcircle
of the triangle A0 HB is tangent to AB. (A.I. Golovanov , A.Yakubov)

2 Given that n is a natural number such that the leftmost digits in the decimal representations
of 2n and 3n are the same, find all possible values of the leftmost digit.

3 Let a,b,c,d be real numbers satisfying |a|, |b|, |c|, |d| > 1 and abc+abd+acd+bcd+a+b+c+d = 0.
Prove that a−11 1
+ b−1 1
+ c−1 1
+ d−1 >0

– Practice Test 2

1 We say a natural number n is perfect if the sum of all the positive divisors of n is equal to 2n.
For example, 6 is perfect since its positive divisors 1, 2, 3, 6 add up to 12 = 2 × 6. Show that an
odd perfect number has at least 3 distinct prime divisors.
Note: It is still not known whether odd perfect numbers exist. So assume such a number is there
and prove the result.

2 Find all functions f : R → R such that

f x2 + xf (y) = xf (x + y)

for all reals x, y.

3 An equilateral triangle with side length 3 is divided into 9 congruent triangular cells as shown in
the figure below. Initially all the cells contain 0. A move consists of selecting two adjacent cells
(i.e., cells sharing a common boundary) and either increasing or decreasing the numbers in
both the cells by 1 simultaneously. Determine all positive integers n such that after performing
several such moves one can obtain 9 consecutive numbers n, (n+1), · · · , (n+8) in some order.

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AoPS Community 2016 India IMO Training Camp

– Team Selection Tests

– Team Selection Test 1

1 Let ABC be an acute triangle with orthocenter H. Let G be the point such that the quadrilateral
ABGH is a parallelogram. Let I be the point on the line GH such that AC bisects HI. Suppose
that the line AC intersects the circumcircle of the triangle GCI at C and J. Prove that IJ =
AH.

2 Suppose that a sequence a1 , a2 , . . . of positive real numbers satisfies

kak
ak+1 ≥
a2k + (k − 1)

for every positive integer k. Prove that a1 + a2 + . . . + an ≥ n for every n ≥ 2.

3 Let n be a natural number. A sequence x1 , x2 , · · · , xn2 of n2 numbers is called n − good if

each xi is an element of the set {1, 2, · · · , n} and the ordered pairs (xi , xi+1 ) are all different
for i = 1, 2, 3, · · · , n2 (here we consider the subscripts modulo n2 ). Two n−good sequences
x1 , x2 , · · · , xn2 and y1 , y2 , · · · , yn2 are called similar if there exists an integer k such that yi =
xi+k for all i = 1, 2, · · · , n2 (again taking subscripts modulo n2 ). Suppose that there exists a
non-trivial permutation (i.e., a permutation which is different from the identity permutation) σ
of {1, 2, · · · , n} and an n− good sequence x1 , x2 , · · · , xn2 which is similar to σ (x1 ) , σ (x2 ) , · · · , σ (xn2 ).
Show that n ≡ 2 (mod 4).

– Team Selection Test 2

1 Suppose α, β are two positive rational numbers. Assume for some positive integers m, n, it is
1 1 1 1
known that α n + β m is a rational number. Prove that each of α n and β m is a rational number.

2 Let m and n be positive integers such that m > n. Define xk = m+k n+k for k = 1, 2, . . . , n + 1.
Prove that if all the numbers x1 , x2 , . . . , xn+1 are integers, then x1 x2 . . . xn+1 − 1 is divisible by
an odd prime.

3 For a finite set A of positive integers, a partition of A into two disjoint nonempty subsets A1
and A2 is good if the least common multiple of the elements in A1 is equal to the greatest

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AoPS Community 2016 India IMO Training Camp

common divisor of the elements in A2 . Determine the minimum value of n such that there
exists a set of n positive integers with exactly 2015 good partitions.

– Team Selection Test 3

1 Let n be a natural number. We define sequences hai i and hbi i of integers as follows. We let
a0 = 1 and b0 = n. For i > 0, we let
if ai−1 < bi−1 ,

(2ai−1 + 1, bi−1 − ai−1 − 1)

(ai , bi ) = (ai−1 − bi−1 − 1, 2bi−1 + 1) if ai−1 > bi−1 ,
if ai−1 = bi−1 .

(ai−1 , bi−1 )


Given that ak = bk for some natural number k, prove that n + 3 is a power of two.

2 Let ABC be an acute triangle and let M be the midpoint of AC. A circle ω passing through B
and M meets the sides AB and BC at points P and Q respectively. Let T be the point such
that BP T Q is a parallelogram. Suppose that T lies on the circumcircle of ABC. Determine all
possible values of BM
BT
.

3 Let n be an odd natural number. We consider an n × n grid which is made up of n2 unit squares
and 2n(n + 1) edges. We colour each of these edges either red or blue. If there are at most n2
red edges, then show that there exists a unit square at least three of whose edges are blue.

– Team Selection Test 4

1 Let ABC be an acute triangle with circumcircle Γ. Let A1 , B1 and C1 be respectively the mid-
points of the arcs BAC, CBA and ACB of Γ. Show that the inradius of triangle A1 B1 C1 is not
less than the inradius of triangle ABC.

2 Find all functions f : R → R such that

f x3 + f (y) = x2 f (x) + y,

for all x, y ∈ R. (Here R denotes the set of all real numbers.)

3 Let N denote the set of all natural numbers. Show that there exists two nonempty subsets A
and B of N such that
- A ∩ B = {1};
- every number in N can be expressed as the product of a number in A and a number in B;
- each prime number is a divisor of some number in A and also some number in B;
- one of the sets A and B has the following property: if the numbers in this set are written
as x1 < x2 < x3 < · · · , then for any given positive integer M there exists k ∈ N such that
xk+1 − xk ≥ M .
- Each set has infinitely many composite numbers.

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