AoPS Community 2017 India IMO Training Camp

India International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp 2017

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c715128
by parmenides51, anantmudgal09, cjquines0, MathStudent2002

– Practice Tests

– Practice Test 1

1 Let Pc (x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + 1 and Qc (x) = x4 + cx3 + bx2 + ax + 1 with a, b real numbers,
c ∈ {1, 2, . . . , 2017} an integer and a 6= c. Define Ac = {α|Pc (α) = 0} and Bc = {β|P (β) = 0}.
(a) Find the number of unordered pairs of polynomials Pc (x), Qc (x) with exactly two common
roots.
(b) For any 1 ≤ c ≤ 2017, find the sum of the elements of Ac ∆Bc .

2 Find all positive integers p, q, r, s > 1 such that

p! + q! + r! = 2s .

3 Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in circle Ω with AC ⊥ BD. Let P = AC ∩ BD and
W, X, Y, Z be the projections of P on the lines AB, BC, CD, DA respectively. Let E, F, G, H be
the mid-points of sides AB, BC, CD, DA respectively.
(a) Prove that E, F, G, H, W, X, Y, Z are concyclic.
(b) If R is the radius of Ω and d is the distance between its centre and P , then find the radius
of the circle in (a) in terms of R and d.

– Practice Test 2

1 In an acute triangle ABC, points D and E lie on side BC with BD < BE. Let O1 , O2 , O3 , O4 , O5 , O6
be the circumcenters of triangles ABD, ADE, AEC, ABE, ADC, ABC, respectively. Prove that
O1 , O3 , O4 , O5 are con-cyclic if and only if A, O2 , O6 are collinear.

2 Let a, b, c, d be pairwise distinct positive integers such that

a b c d
+ + +
a+b b+c c+d d+a
is an integer. Prove that a + b + c + d is not a prime number.

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3 There are n lamps L1 , L2 , . . . , Ln arranged in a circle in that order. At any given time, each lamp
is either on or off. Every second, each lamp undergoes a change according to the following rule:
(a) For each lamp Li , if Li−1 , Li , Li+1 have the same state in the previous second, then Li is
off right now. (Indices taken mod n.)
(b) Otherwise, Li is on right now.
Initially, all the lamps are off, except for L1 which is on. Prove that for infinitely many integers
n all the lamps will be off eventually, after a finite amount of time.

– Team Selection Tests

– TST 1

1 Let a, b, c be distinct positive real numbers with abc = 1. Prove that

X a6
> 15.
cyc
(a − b)(a − c)

2 Define a sequence of integers a0 = m, a1 = n and ak+1 = 4ak − 5ak−1 for all k ≥ 1. Suppose
p > 5 is a prime with p ≡ 1 (mod 4). Prove that it is possible to choose m, n such that p - ak
for any k ≥ 0.

3 Let n ≥ 1 be a positive integer. An n × n matrix is called good if each entry is a non-negative

integer, the sum of entries in each row and each column is equal. A permutation matrix is an
n × n matrix consisting of n ones and n(n − 1) zeroes such that each row and each column
has exactly one non-zero entry.
Prove that any good matrix is a sum of finitely many permutation matrices.

– TST 2

1 Suppose f, g ∈ R[x] are non constant polynomials. Suppose neither of f, g is the square of a
real polynomial but f (g(x)) is. Prove that g(f (x)) is not the square of a real polynomial.

2 Let n be a positive integer relatively prime to 6. We paint the vertices of a regular n-gon with
three colours so that there is an odd number of vertices of each colour. Show that there exists
an isosceles triangle whose three vertices are of different colours.

3 Let B = (−1, 0) and C = (1, 0) be fixed points on the coordinate plane. A nonempty, bounded
subset S of the plane is said to be nice if
(i) there is a point T in S such that for every point Q in S, the segment T Q lies entirely in S;
and

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AoPS Community 2017 India IMO Training Camp

(ii) for any triangle P1 P2 P3 , there exists a unique point A in S and a permutation σ of the indices
{1, 2, 3} for which triangles ABC and Pσ(1) Pσ(2) Pσ(3) are similar.
Prove that there exist two distinct nice subsets S and S 0 of the set {(x, y) : x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0} such
that if A ∈ S and A0 ∈ S 0 are the unique choices of points in (ii), then the product BA · BA0 is
a constant independent of the triangle P1 P2 P3 .

– TST 3

1 Find all positive integers n for which all positive divisors of n can be put into the cells of a
rectangular table under the following constraints:
-each cell contains a distinct divisor;
-the sums of all rows are equal; and
-the sums of all columns are equal.

2 Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC 6= BC and let I be its incentre. The line BI meets AC
at D, and the line through D perpendicular to AC meets AI at E. Prove that the reflection of
I in AC lies on the circumcircle of triangle BDE.

3 Prove that for any positive integers a and b we have

a b
X bm X an
a + (−1)b (−1)b a
c
≡ b + (−1)a (−1)b b
c
(mod 4).
m=0 n=0

– TST 4

1 Let ABC be an acute angled triangle with incenter I. Line perpendicular to BI at I meets
BA and BC at points P and Q respectively. Let D, E be the incenters of 4BIA and 4BIC
respectively. Suppose D, P, Q, E lie on a circle. Prove that AB = BC.

2 For each n ≥ 2 define the polynomial

fn (x) = xn − xn−1 − · · · − x − 1.

Prove that
(a) For each n ≥ 2, fn (x) = 0 has a unique positive real root αn ;
(b) (αn )n is a strictly increasing sequence;
(c) limn→∞ αn = 2.

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AoPS Community 2017 India IMO Training Camp

3 Let a be a positive integer which is not a perfect square, and consider the equation

x2 − a
k= .
x2 − y 2

Let A be the set of positive integers k for which the equation admits a solution in Z2 with
√
x > a, and let B be the set of positive integers for which the equation admits a solution in
√
Z2 with 0 ≤ x < a. Show that A = B.

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