WEBVTT

Kind: captions
Language: en

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Hello friends !

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I welcome you in Gate Smashers

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In this video , I'm going to explain TCP data transfer

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I have explained in the last video, the TCP connection establishment

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in which we have discussed a very important term

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3-way handshaking

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So, the 3-way handshaking method is very important

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For your university exam and even your competitive exam.

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So, through that method

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Client and Server establish a connection

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through 3-way handshaking theorem

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After establishment of connection,

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we have to do Data Transfer

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How a TCP do data transfer ?

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What are the important point in this?

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I am going to explain it in this video

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Which will be very beneficial for your

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competitive exams and for your college or university level exams.

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So please guys like this video fast

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If you haven't subscribed to channel please subscribe to it and

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press the bell button to get all the notifications

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So let's start!

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Data Transfer

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Before data transfer I have to tell you that

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When TCP establish a connection

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so what happens through it is

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both client and server reserves their resources

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What is meant by reserving the resources?

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Is that they have already established their buffers.

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Means it has kept its buffer, and other kept its

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the bandwidth, they have reserved their resources

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They are waiting for the data to come to them

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The first important point of TCP data transfer is

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It is a Duplex Mode

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What is meant by duplex?

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is that data transfer will take place from client to server

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and also from server to client.

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means this connection is like this.
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From client to server and from server to client also.

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This means client can send data to server and

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at the same time server can also send data to client

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That is called a Full Duplex

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This means both client and server can communicate

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with each other and do data transfer

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So if we talk here first,

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Make sure to check connection establishment video.

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Because the terms I am telling you in starting

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I have explained them with examples in that video.

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So after reserving resources,

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both client and server have negotiated the size of the window.

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Let's suppose I have negotiated the size of window to 10 Bytes.

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It had said I will send 10 Bytes and

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other one had also said I will also send 10 Bytes

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Although, the size of window can be upto 16 bit.

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Obviously you can send the 2 : 16, a huge segment number

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But only for sake of simplicity, I have used

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only 10 Bytes here so you can understand easily.
When it send 10 Bytes other will send 10 bytes also

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Just for making you understand.

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Otherwise the size of the window and all these

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I have explained it in TCP header video.

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So, that all these point are linked with each other

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Now, let's suppose it's sequence number

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Means if first client had send the data

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So client has send 21 to 30

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means here are 10 bytes.

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So, client is sending 10 bytes.

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And 21 to 30 means the starting sequence is 21 and

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last sequence number is 30.

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But we only send the starting sequence number.

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So, see what am I doing here?

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what client had send first?

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client has send data with sequence number 21.

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Means the data I am sending to you, the segment I am sending to you

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The starting sequence number of that segment is 21

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Now after 21.

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what else can be here other than this?

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If before that connection was established obviously.
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if we suppose that before that server has also send data

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So, it will obviously send the acknowledgment also.

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Flag of acknowldgement. Flag value has turned to 1.

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I have also explained Flag in TCP header video.

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Flag has been set means flag has been turned to 1

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and also send acknowledgment number also.

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What is acknowledgement number actually?

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Acknowledgement is client is now expecting this data from server

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I want this segment.

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LEtet's say it has sent nominal number 71.

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We're assuming here that earlier than this server has sent

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between 60 to 70

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Obviously we have to start from somewhere

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So, it has send number 71.

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As soon as this whole packet in which has data in it.

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An alongwith we have inserted header value in header field

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Now this data has reached to the server.

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Server has now understood that I have data from 21 to 30

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Further server has to accept this data and send it to its appication layer

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Alongwith the acknowledgement has also send which is of value 1
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and acknowledgement number is 71.

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Now 71 means,

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what server will do?

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server will now send data

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Now server has transfered the data.

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When server is transfering data it has sequence no 71.

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because it was expecting 71.

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So, let's suppose server has data from 71 to 80.

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10 bytes

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I have already fixed it that window size for both is 10 bytes.

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So it has send the data of 10 bytes

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Sequence number 71

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We have to give acknowledgement to this also.

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Why will we do so?

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Because it has previously accepted data.

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How will client know that its data has been accepted?

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Through acknowldgement.

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So the flag of acknowledgement is 1.

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So what will be the acknowldgement number?

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So, see from 21 to 30 has been accepted.

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So obviously next sequence number is 31.

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So, it is expecting data starting from 31

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Point are simple, you only have to remember these.

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So see, here data transfer will take place here like this only.

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It will send 31 to 40

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It will send next 81 to 90

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Like this data transfer will further take place

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But what are the important points?

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means what can be asked in competitive and college/university exams

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FIrst point is

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When we send acknowledgement

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We can send it by two methods

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First one is Piggy Backing

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What is meant by piggybacking?

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When we are sending data,

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with data we are sending acklowdgement also

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See, we've send the data of 10 bytes

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with that we have sent the acknowledgement also.

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That I have accepted your data, now I am sending data.
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Like this only, before that

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Client said that take this data from my side

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and this is the acknowledgement of last data you have sent

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Here server get to know that its data has been reached

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In the next packet client get to know its data has reached.

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and data has came from the server also

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So when we send data and acknowledgement together

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That is called a Piggybacked package

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So, why we use this piggybacking?

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Obviously for reducing the traffic of network

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Otherwise what will happen,

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You have send data and then acknowledgement.

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Then, data

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Acknowledgement

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So, obviously your traffic, your network

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You are sending data and acknowledgement in network

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In different packets

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So the network in data will have many packets.

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For reducing that we are using piggybacking

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In which we send data and acknowledgement together.
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Other than this, there is another method.

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Pure acknowledgement

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Pure acknowledgement means we can send akcnowledgement alone

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Let's see this with an example.

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Client

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Why we will do this?

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When we have piggyback

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In which we're sending data and acknowledgement together

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Due to which I will not get unnecessary packets in network

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Conjetion will also be low.

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So why will I send pure acknowledgement alone?

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This can be the situation that

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someone does not have any data to be send.

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either I will wait for data, that data will come

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When data will come, I will send it then
Because of that there can be time out.

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Because of time out

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The person who have send the data first

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he is waiting, when will his acknowledgement will come

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when will I get to know that my data has been reached or not
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Normally when you do any third party payment.

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Paytm or Amazon

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Any one we use,

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When you have all details and OTP

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At last we wait for acknowledgement

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We get transaction number

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If you only wait for that, it keeps buffering

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what happen till then?

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Till then, you some where be anxious that

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When will my transaction will be completed,

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when it will be complete?

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When it says Your transaction completed

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your transaction number is this

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Some where we feel easiness that transaction has completed

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So that is acknowledgement.

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So if I do not have any data to send

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So I have to send acknowledgement

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So that person does not wait for it.

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Let's say client does not have data to send

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but it has recieved data from the server
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So, you have to send acknowledgement

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When we send acknowledgement alone

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it is called pure acknowledgement

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See, what it is sending?

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Sequence number

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when we send pure acknowledgement

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Sequence number is not used

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means what it has expect sequence number here

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31

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We are sending 31, but we can use it next time also.

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It has not been consumed

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It has not been used

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It is just for informing that you have asked for 31, I'm sending 31.

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But it not has been used, it is only attached to it.

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means it does not have any data with it

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only 31

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acknowledge flag is 1

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Now see what acknowledgement number is?

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it has send from 71 to 80

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Now, it is expecting next to be 81

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As this packet reaches here

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Server get to know that its package has been recieved

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Now let's say after sometime client got some 10 bytes of data

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he will send it , what's the problem?

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he has sent it

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Now what he will do ?

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He will send sequence numer 31.

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Now here data and with that data of 31 to 40

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Alongwith if he want to send acknowledgement again, he can do it

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Otherswise he can send data alone also.

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What does it mean?

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It is Pure acknowledgement

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And this is your data transfer

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So these points can be asked to you somewhere.

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What is Pure Acknowledgement?

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What is piggybacking?

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So that's how both do data transfer with each other.

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And other than these

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Small points can be asked to you
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First is

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We have further Flags in it

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Like push flag

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and urgent pointer, urgent flag

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What is the usage of that?

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That we will discuss in next video

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So this is the simple way of data transfer

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Client and server transfer data in full duplex

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And what is the use of Piggybacking and Pure acknowledgement

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Like this data transfer between each other

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After client to server and server to client

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and after this there will occur termination

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How we terminate the connection?

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That we will discuss in next video

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Thank You!