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DBMS_11(SQL)

The document discusses functional dependency in database management systems (DBMS), highlighting its relationship between attributes, particularly between primary keys and non-key attributes. It outlines four types of dependencies: Fully-Functional, Transitive, Multivalued, and Partial Dependency, providing definitions and examples for each. Understanding these dependencies is crucial for database normalization and ensuring data integrity.

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4 views

DBMS_11(SQL)

The document discusses functional dependency in database management systems (DBMS), highlighting its relationship between attributes, particularly between primary keys and non-key attributes. It outlines four types of dependencies: Fully-Functional, Transitive, Multivalued, and Partial Dependency, providing definitions and examples for each. Understanding these dependencies is crucial for database normalization and ensuring data integrity.

Uploaded by

hirshah8523
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE

NORMALIZATION
Functional dependency in DBMS
Functional dependency in DBMS
• The functional dependency is a relationship
that exists between two attributes.
• It typically exists between the primary key and
non-key attribute within a table.

X(Emp_Id) → Y(Emp_Name)

determinant dependent
Types of dependencies in DBMS
I. Fully-Functional Dependency
II. Transitive Dependency
III. Multivalued Dependency
IV.Partial Dependency
I. Fully-Functional Dependency
• Attribute Y is functionally dependent on
attribute X, if and only if it is not functionally
dependent on the subset of X.

X Y
Fully-Functional Dependency- Example
EmployeeProject

EmpID ProjectID Days (spent on the project)

E099 001 320

E056 002 190

fully functional dependency- {EmpID, ProjectID} (Days)


II. Transitive Dependency
• When an indirect relationship causes
functional dependency it is called Transitive
Dependency.

X Y Y Z X Z
II. Transitive Dependency- Example
Student
enrol_no name dept building_no

42 abc CO 4

43 pqr EC 2
44 xyz IT 1
45 abc EC 2

• Here, enrol_no → dept and dept → building_no, Hence,


enrol_no → building_no is a valid functional dependency.
•This is an indirect functional dependency, hence called
Transitive functional dependency.
III. Multivalued Dependency
• When existence of one or more rows in a table
implies one or more other rows in the same
table, then the Multi-valued dependencies
occur.
• If a table has attributes P, Q and R, then Q and
R are multi-valued facts of P.

P(Varun) ->-> Q(3 Mob_No)


Q(3 Mob_No) ->-> R(3 Email_Id)
IV. Partial Dependency
• Partial Dependency occurs when a nonprime
attribute is functionally dependent on part of a
candidate key.
• Attribute Y is partially dependent on attribute
X, if and only if it is dependent on the subset
of attribute X.
Partial Dependency- Example
StudentID ProjectNo StudentName ProjectName

S01 199 Katie Geo Location

S02 120 Ollie Cluster


Exploration

• Key attributes are StudentID and ProjectNo.


• The non-prime attributes i.e. StudentName and
ProjectName should be functionally dependent on part of a
candidate key, to be Partial Dependent.
• The StudentName can be determined by StudentID that makes
the relation Partial Dependent.

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