UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO AI

NOTES:

Artificial Intelligence is formed by combining the two words artificial and intelligence.

a. Artificial – Artificial refers to something created or produced by humans rather than

existing naturally

b. Intelligence – The ability to acquire and use knowledge and skills is referred to as

intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence Definition

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as thinking,

perceiving, learning, problem solving, and decision making. It is based on how individuals

use their brains to observe, learn, figure out, and make decisions.

History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence formally founded in 1956, when the term “Artificial Intelligence” was

coined at a conference at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.

The phrase “artificial intelligence” was created by John McCarthy, who also hosted the

first AI conference.

1. 1956 – Birth of AI Dartmouth Conference

2. 1966 – First Chatbot “ELIZA”

3. 1972 – First Intelligence “Robot WABOT – 1”

4. 1974 – 1980 : First AI winer1980 : Expert System

5. 1987 – 1993 : Second AI Winer

6. 1997 – IBM Deep blue “First computer to beat a world chess champion”

7. 2002 – AI in Home “Roomba”

8. 2011 – IBM Watson “Wins a Quiz show”

10. 2014 – Chatbot Eugene Goostman “Wines a Turing test

Role of AI in Education

The use of technology in education is changing the way we teach and learn all across

the world. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the technological innovations that may be

used to adapt the learning experience of different learning groups, teachers, and tutors.

What is Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn and

develop without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning is concerned with the

creation of computer program that can access data and learn for themselves.Machine

Learning can be used to address difficult problems like detecting credit card fraud,

enabling self-driving automobiles, and detecting and recognizing faces.

What is Natural Language Processing

Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on

assisting computers in understanding how humans write and communicate. This is a

difficult task because of the large amount of unstructured data involved.

What is Expert System

An expert system is a computer software that can handle complex issues and make

decisions in the same way as a human expert can.

What is Vision in AI

Computer vision is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows computers and

systems to extract useful information from digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs,

as well as to conduct actions or make recommendations based on that data.

What is Speech Recognition in AI

capable of recognizing a person based on their voiced commands.

What is Robotics

Robotics is the production of robots that can do activities without the need of human

interaction, whereas AI is the process of systems imitating the human mind to make

judgments and ‘learn.’

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

AI Application in E Commerce

a. Personalized Shopping – Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to develop

recommendation engines that help you engage with your customers more effectively.

These suggestions are based on their previous browsing behavior, preferences, and

interests.

b. AI-powered Assistants – Virtual shopping assistants and chatbots aid in the

enhancement of the online buying experience.

c. Fraud Prevention – Two of the most serious difficulties that E-Commerce businesses

face are credit card fraud and fraudulent reviews.

Artificial Intelligence in Automobiles

Self-driving automobiles are built using artificial intelligence. To drive the vehicle, AI can

be combined with the camera, radar, cloud services, GPS, and control signals.

Artificial Intelligence in Social Media

Many of the social media sites use a AI technology in Social Media

a. Facebook – Artificial Intelligence uses the technique known as DeepText.

DeepText automatically translates the post from one language to another

language.
b. Twitter – Twitter uses AI for fraud detection, propaganda removal, and to remove

hateful content.

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

With the help of AI the farmer can identify defects and nutrient deficiencies in the soil

with the help of machine learning applications.

Three Domains of Artificial Intelligence

There are three types of domain in Artificial Intelligence.

1. Data Science (Data for AI)

2. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

3. Computer Vision (CV)

1. Data Science (Data for AI) –

The process of converting a raw dataset into valuable knowledge is known as Data

Science. Nowadays Data Science is an important part of an Industry. Data science is an

AI domain concerned with data systems and processes, in which the system collects a

large amount of data, maintains sets of data, and extracts meaning from them.

2. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence. Natural language

Processing has the ability to understand text and spoken words in the same manner that

humans can.

3. Computer Vision (CV)

Computer vision allows computers and systems to extract useful information from digital

photos, videos, and other visual inputs. The goal of Computer Vision is to take necessary

action after identifying an object or person in a digital image.

AI ETHICS
AI ethics is a set of moral guidelines and methods meant to guide the creation

and ethical application of artificial intelligence technologies. Or it is a collection of

principles that guide the development and use of artificial intelligence.

• In other words, ethics means what is right and unethical means what is wrong.

• AI ethics are classified into two categories:

1. AI bias

2. AI access

Why AI Ethics is important?

Ethical AI can help businesses run more efficiently, provide cleaner

products, reduce negative environmental impacts, improve public safety, and

improve human health.

Ethical Challenges in Artificial Intelligence

1. Cost to Innovation

2. Lack of quality data

3. Problems of Integrity

4. Lack of accuracy of data

5. Bias and discrimination

6. Reduction of human contact

7. Violation of fundamental human rights in supply chain

8. Negative impact on environment

9. Loss of human decision-making

APPLICATIONS OF AI

Healthcare - disease mapping and prediction tools, robotic surgeries

Transportation – self parking cars, crewless cargo ships

Agriculture - drone robots for intelligent spraying , automatic weeding

e-Commerce – conversational chatbots, recommendation systems

Entertainment - song / TV show recommendations, robo-waiters

Automotive – driverless car

Social Media – monitoring tools for dangerous content or false news

Security – bomb diffusion

Finance – robo-advisers for stock trading

Gaming - Watson, a quiz playing computer, tournaments where robots are

trained to compete

Astronomy – planet hunting, capturing new stars etc.

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

MCQ

1. ___________ is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as thinking,

perceiving, learning, problem solving, and decision making.

a. Artificial Intelligence

b. Nero Science

c. Data package

d. None of the above

2. Who is the “Father of Artificial Intelligence”?

a. Fisher Ada

b. Alan Turing

c. John McCarthy

d. Allen Newell
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3. Artificial Intelligence’s applications are_________.

a. Expert Systems

b. Gaming

c. Vision Systems

d. All of the above

4. This field is enabling computers to identify and process images like humans do:

a. Face Recognition

b. Model-view-controller

c. Computer Vision

d. Eye-in-Hand System

5. What does NLP stand for in AI?

a. Neutral Learning Projection

b. Neuro-Linguistic Programming

c. Natural Language Processing

d. Neural Logic Presentation

6. This is a program that allows the computer to simulate conversation with a human

being:

a. Speech Application Program Interface

b. Chatbot

c. Voice Recognition

d. Speech Recognition

7. _____________ is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn

and develop without being explicitly programmed.

b. Natural Language Processing

c. Expert System

d. Computer Vision

8. _________is a computer software that can handle complex issues and make

decisions in the same way as a human can.

a. Machine Learning

b. Natural Language Processing

c. Expert System

d. Computer Vision

9. _____________ aid in the enhancement of the online buying experience.

a. Virtual Shopping Assistants

b. Chatbots

c. Both a) and b)

d. None of the above

10. With the help of AI the farmer can identify defects and nutrient deficiencies in the

soil with the help of _________.

a. machine learning applications

b. Natural Language Processing

c. Expert System

d. Computer Vision

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11. Which one is the correct domain available in Artificial Intelligence.

b. Natural Language Processing

c. Computer Vision

d. All of the above

12. The process of converting a raw dataset into valuable knowledge is known as

___________.

a. Data Science

b. Natural Language Processing

c. Computer Vision

d. All of the above

13. ____________ is an AI game based on data science.

a. Rock, Paper, Scissors

b. Akinator with alexa

c. Emoji Scavenger

d. None of the above

14. ___________is a free Amazon Echo app that uses a series of questions to figure

out which character you’re thinking of

a. Rock, Paper, Scissors

b. Akinator with alexa

c. Emoji Scavenger

d. None of the above

15. ___________ allows computers and systems to extract useful information from

digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs.

a. Data Science

b. Natural Language Processing

d. All of the above

16. ___________is a web-based service that provides accurate data on geographic

regions and locations all over the world.

a. Google Bot

b. Google Map

c. Google Class

d. None of the above

17. A ____________ is a flexible house setup in which appliances and devices may be

managed remotely using a mobile or other networked device from anywhere with an

internet connection.

a. Smart Home

b. Smart City

c. Smart Class

d. None of the above

Short answer Questions

1. what are the typical benefits of chatbots for a business?

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2. Is AI a recent technology? If no, explain why it has gained prominence only

recently.

3. What is Artificial Intelligence?

4. What are the various areas where Artificial Intelligence can be used?

5. What do you mean by Machine Learning?

7. Give any three example of Artificial Intelligence Domain?

8. What are the different Real World Application in AI?

9. What is Chatbot? How AI used in Chabot?

10. How AI is helping to search travelling path and traffic data through maps?

11. Explain AI ethics in detail

12. Explain application of AI in e Commerce

Descriptive Questions

1. What are four core things that is used by Turing Test ?

2. Write any four goals of AI.

3. What are the three domains of AI?

4. Why AI work is more successful in the expert Tasks Domain?

5. What is an Expert System? What are the characteristics of an expert

system?

6. What are the different types of AI based functionalities and capabilities?

7. What is AI? Give Example of Where AI is used on a daily basis.