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Exercise 1

The document consists of a tutorial for a mathematics course that focuses on determining whether specific sets with defined operations are vector spaces. It includes various exercises involving matrices and vectors, requiring students to verify vector space axioms and perform operations. Additionally, it explores subspaces within given vector spaces, prompting students to analyze specific sets for their properties.

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15 views2 pages

Exercise 1

The document consists of a tutorial for a mathematics course that focuses on determining whether specific sets with defined operations are vector spaces. It includes various exercises involving matrices and vectors, requiring students to verify vector space axioms and perform operations. Additionally, it explores subspaces within given vector spaces, prompting students to analyze specific sets for their properties.

Uploaded by

9fyjzw4hzd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS


UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
MTS 3202
TUTORIAL 1

1. Determine whether the given set V with the given operations is a vector space
or not. For those that are NOT, list all axioms that fail to hold.

(a) V is the set of all 2 × 2 non-singular matrices.


The operations of addition and scalar multiplication are the standard matrix
operations.
(b) V = { v̄ = (v1 , v2 , v3 ) ∈ R3 | v1 = v3 }.
The operations of addition and scalar multiplication are the standard oper-
ations on R3 .
(c) V = { v̄ = (v1 , v2 , v3 ) ∈ R3 | v1 = v2 }.
The operations of addition and scalar multiplication are the standard oper-
ations on R3 .
x1
2. Let V = x̄ = x1 , x2 ∈ R . For ū and v̄ in V and k ∈ R, define
x2
addition and scalar multiplication operations as follows:

u1 v1 u1 + v1
ū + v̄ = + =
u2 v2 u2 + v2
u1 ku1 + 1
kū = k = .
u2 ku2 − 1

(a) If ū = (−1, 2) and v̄ = (3, −4), compute (i) ū + v̄; (ii) 13 ū; (iii) 5ū + 5v̄;
(iv) 5(ū + v̄); (v) (2 + 3)ū; (vi) −2ū + 3ū.
(b) Find an object 0̄ ∈ V such that 0̄ + ū = ū for any ū ∈ V .
(c) If the object 0̄ in (b) exists, find an object w̄ ∈ V such that ū + w̄ = 0̄.
(This object w̄ is called the negative of ū and is denoted by −ū.)
(d) Is 1v̄ = v̄ for each v̄ ∈ V ?
(e) Is V with the given two operations a vector space?

1
x1
3. Let V = x̄ = x1 , x2 ∈ R . For ū and v̄ in V and k ∈ R, define
x2
addition and scalar multiplication operations as follows:
u1 v1 u1 v1
ū + v̄ = + =
u2 v2 u2 + v2
u1 u1 + k
kū = k = .
u2 ku2
(a) If ū = (−2, 7) and v̄ = (1, −2), compute (i) ū + v̄; (ii) 12 ū; (iii) 3ū + 3v̄;
(iv) 3(ū + v̄); (v) (2 + 5)ū; (vi) 2ū + 5ū.
(b) Find an object 0̄ ∈ V such that 0̄ + ū = ū for any ū ∈ V .
(c) If the object 0̄ in (b) exists, find an object w̄ ∈ V such that ū + w̄ = 0̄.
(This object w̄ is called the negative of ū and is denoted by −ū.)
(d) Is (k + l)v̄ = kv̄ + lv̄ for each v̄ ∈ V and k, l ∈ R?
(e) Is V with the given two operations a vector space?
4. Let V = R2 . For ū and v̄ in V and k ∈ R, we define addition and scalar
multiplication operations as follows:
ū + v̄ = (u1 , u2 ) + (v1 , v2 ) = (u1 + v1 , 0)
kū = k(u1 , u2 ) = (ku1 , ku2 ).
(a) If ū = (−3, 2) and v̄ = (−1, 5), compute (i) ū + v̄; (ii) 12 ū; (iii) 2ū + 2v̄;
(iv) 2(ū + v̄); (v) (2 + 5)ū; (vi) 2ū + 5ū.
(b) Find an object 0̄ ∈ V such that 0̄ + ū = ū for any ū ∈ V .
(c) If the object 0̄ in (b) exists, find an object w̄ ∈ V such that ū + w̄ = 0̄.
(This object w̄ is called the negative of ū and is denoted by −ū.)
(d) Is k(v̄ + w̄) = kv̄ + k w̄ for each v̄, w̄ ∈ V and k ∈ R?
(e) Is V with the given two operations a vector space?
5. Determine whether the given set W is a subspace of the vector space V .
(a) W = { (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 | x1 = x2 − x3 }, and V = R3 .
(b) W = { (x, y) ∈ R2 | x ≥ 0 }, and V = R2 .
(c) W = { (x, y) ∈ R2 | y = 2x }, and V = R2 .
(d) W = { p(x) ∈ P2 | p(0) = 0 }, and V = P2 .
(e) W = { ax2 + 3x − 2 | a ∈ R }, and V = P2 .
a c
(f) W = a, c ∈ R , and V = M22 .
c −a
a b
(g) W = a, b, c ∈ R , and V = M22 .
c 0
Semester I 2006/07

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