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LO1.Plan and design internet 2

infrastructure
 Definitions of Terminologies
Infrastructure?
 The Basic Physical And Organizational
Structures And Facilities (E.G. Buildings,
Roads, And Power Supplies) Needed For
The Operation Of A Society Or
Enterprise.
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Internet ?
 The internet is computer based global
information system.
 It is composed of many interconnected
computer networks
 It Is Called “The Net” is a worldwide
system of computer networks
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Network ?
IsCollections of two or more
Computers /Network Devices Which
are linked together in order to share
Resources One another
 Overview of Network Infrastructure 5
Design
 Network Infrastructure: - is a set of physical and
logical components that provide connectivity, security,
routing, management, access, and other integral
features on a network.
 duringa network’s planning phase, engineers select the
hardware and software components that will compose
the network infrastructure and specify the particular
location, installation, and configuration of those
components.
 Cont.. 6

What Include IT Infrastructure?

• The term IT infrastructure is defined a combined set of
hardware, software, networks, facilities, etc.
(including all of the information technology related
equipment), used to develop, test, deliver, monitor,
control or support IT services
Cont.. 7

 The followings are the common network

infrastructure components have a direct impact
upon the success of your deployment:
Routers and switches.
Firewalls.
Load balancers.
Storage Area Network (SAN)
DNS.
Cont.. 8

o Types of network infrastructure

Metropolitan-area network (MAN): A network
infrastructure that spans a physical area larger than a
LAN but smaller than a WAN (e.g., a city).
WirelessLAN (WLAN): Similar to a LAN but wirelessly
interconnects users and endpoints in a small
geographical area.
Network Design Overview 9

o Computers and information networks are

critical to the success of businesses, both large
and small.
o They connect people, support applications and
services, and provide access to the resources
that keep the businesses running.
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 To meet the daily requirements of businesses,

networks themselves are becoming quite
complex.
Network Requirements
 Today, the Internet-based economy often
demands around-the-clock customer service.
 This means that business networks must be
available nearly 100 percent of the time
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 They must be smart enough to automatically

protect against unexpected security
incidents.
 These business networks must also be
able to adjust to changing traffic loads to
maintain consistent application response
times
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 It is no longer practical to construct

networks by connecting many
standalone components without careful
planning and design.
Building a Good Network 13

 Good networks do not happen by accident

 They are the result of hard work by network designers
and technicians, who identify network requirements
and select the best solutions to meet the needs of a
business.
The steps required to design a good network are as
follows:
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 Step 1. Verify the business goals and technical

requirements.
Step 2. Determine the features and functions
required to meet the needs identified in Step 1.
Step 3. Perform a network-readiness assessment.
Step 4. Create a solution and site acceptance test
plan.
Step 5. Create a project plan.
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Network Requirements
 Most businesses actually have only a few
requirements for their network:
The network should stay up all the time, even in the
event of failed links, equipment failure, and
overloaded conditions.
The network should reliably deliver applications and
provide reasonable response times from any
host to any host.
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 The network should be secure.

 It should protect the data that is transmitted over it and
data stored on the devices that connect to it.
 The network should be easy to modify to adapt to network
growth and general business changes.
Because failures occasionally occur, troubleshooting
should be easy.
 Finding and fixing a problem
should not be too time-consuming.
 Fundamental Design Goals 17

 When examined carefully, these requirements translate into four

fundamental network design goals:
 Scalability: Scalable network designs can grow to include new user
groups and remote sites and
can support new applications without impacting the level of service
delivered to existing users.
 Availability: A network designed for availability is one that delivers
consistent, reliable performance, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In
addition, the failure of a single link or piece of equipment
should not significantly impact network performance.
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 ■ Security: Security is a feature that must be designed into the

network, not added on after the network is complete. Planning
the location of security devices, filters, and firewall features is
critical
to safeguarding network resources.
■ Manageability: No matter how good the initial network
design is, the available network staff
must be able to manage and support the network. A network
that is too complex or difficult to
maintain cannot function effectively and efficiently
Implementing a network infrastructure 19

o implementing a network infrastructure is the process

of evaluating, purchasing, and assembling the
specified components, and installing them in the
manner prescribed by the design plan.
 The implementation process begins with
engineers installing the network’s hardware
infrastructure, including computers, cables, and
connectivity devices such as hubs, switches, and
routers, as well as printers and other
peripherals.
cont.. 20

o Once the hardware is in place, the engineers

install and configure the operating systems,
applications, and other software.
o the operating systems running on the computers
are the primary software components in the
network infrastructure, because they incorporate
the protocols and other routines that make
network communications possible.
cont.. 21

 In addition to the standard communication

protocols common to all network operating
systems, the Microsoft Windows Server
family also includes a collection of
applications and services that implement
important security and special
communications capabilities on the network.
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 Physical Network Infrastructure:- is its topology, the

physical design of the network, along with hardware
components such as cabling, routers, switches, hubs,
servers, and workstations.
 For a small network, the physical infrastructure can
be very simple—computers, a hub, and a few cables
are generally all you need.
 For medium-to-large networks, however, the physical
infrastructure can be extraordinarily complex.
cont.. 23

o Logical Network Infrastructure:- comprises the many

software elements that connect, manage, and secure
hosts on the network.

o The logical infrastructure allows communication

between computers over the pathways described in
the physical topology.
cont.. 24

o The logical infrastructure of a network consists

of both abstract software elements, such as
networking protocols, and concrete elements,
such as specific software products.
o In addition to basic communication protocols
such as TCP/IP, the abstract elements of the
logical infrastructure can include security
technologies such as digital certificates and the
IP Security (IPSec) protocols
Planning, Implementing and Maintaining Network 25

Infrastructure
 Planning a Network Infrastructure
 Planning means deciding what is to be done.
 Planning is a series of steps to be carried out or goal to be accomplished.
 planning the infrastructure is the most complicated part of building a
network because during this phase you create the blueprint you will use
to implement the network and maintain it later.
 a complete network infrastructure plan consists of a great deal more
than a physical infrastructure layout and a list of hardware and
software products.
cont.. 26

o To plan the infrastructure properly, a network designer

must consider the requirements of the network’s users, its
owners, and its hardware and software components
o Security is also an omnipresent consideration in planning
a network infrastructure.
o The security infrastructure might include advanced
configuration of the operating systems, services, and
applications, as well as the use of additional
components, such as IPSec and digital certificates.
Implementing a Network 27

Infrastructure
 What implementation is ?
• The process of translating Logical Design into Physical
Installation.
• The network infrastructure plan planned should be
implemented at this stage.
• The process of implementing the technologies outlined
in a network infrastructure plan typically involves a
number of disciplines.
Cont.. 28

 Theelements of the implementation

process focus largely on the selection of
protocols, operating systems,
applications, and security mechanisms
that satisfy the requirements of a
network’s owners, administrators, and
users, as determined in the planning
process
Maintaining a Network Infrastructure 29

 Maintaining Network infrastructure the process of

making in to good working/normal conditions.
 To maintain the network properly, administrators
must have an intimate knowledge of the
infrastructure and the technologies used to
implement it.
 Network infrastructure maintenance includes tasks
such as updating operating systems and
applications, monitoring ongoing processes, and
troubleshooting problems.
 cont.. 30

 Administrators must monitor many services that are

essential to a large network at regular intervals to
ensure they are operating properly.
 This monitoring can include regular examination of
logs, function testing, and network traffic analysis.
 The network administrator must be capable of
configuring these services to log the appropriate
information and of using Windows Server tools such as
Network Monitor and the Performance console.
What is Troubleshooting ? 31

o Troubleshooting is one of the primary

maintenance functions of a network
administrator.
o Troubleshooting is the process of Identifying and
solving the Problem.
o although much of the infrastructure design and
implementation process revolves around the
creation of a robust network, problems do occur,
and in a large organization, network failures can
mean reduced productivity and loss of revenue.
End of Chapter –One 32

Thank You !