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Chapter 4 Ict

The document provides an overview of networks and communication, detailing the functions of routers and common network devices like NICs, hubs, and switches. It discusses wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, along with cloud computing advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it covers network types, security issues related to data transfer, password best practices, authentication methods, anti-malware software, and electronic conferencing.

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13 views2 pages

Chapter 4 Ict

The document provides an overview of networks and communication, detailing the functions of routers and common network devices like NICs, hubs, and switches. It discusses wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, along with cloud computing advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it covers network types, security issues related to data transfer, password best practices, authentication methods, anti-malware software, and electronic conferencing.

Uploaded by

suevdyrdhsirg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networks and Communication Notes

4.1 Networks

Router
A router connects multiple networks and directs data packets to their destinations.
Functions of a router:
- Connects networks and devices to the internet.
- Routes data packets between devices and networks.
- Stores computer addresses (IP addresses).

Common Network Devices


1. Network Interface Card (NIC): Allows devices to connect to a network.
2. Hub: Connects multiple devices but sends data to all devices.
3. Switch: Connects devices in a LAN and directs data efficiently.
4. Bridge: Connects two separate networks.
5. Router: Forwards data packets between networks.

Wi-Fi and Bluetooth


Both are wireless technologies but differ in range and speed.
Wi-Fi: Longer range (up to 100m) and faster data transfer.
Bluetooth: Short range (10-30m) and slower speed.

Cloud Computing
Definition: Using remote servers on the internet to store/manage data.
Advantages:
- Reduced need for physical storage.
- Accessible from anywhere.
- Lower maintenance costs.
Disadvantages:
- Requires internet access.
- Risk of hacking and breaches.

Common Network Environments


1. Internet: Global network of devices.
2. Intranet: Private network within an organization.
3. Extranet: Extends an intranet to external users.

Network Types
1. Local Area Network (LAN): Small geographical area like homes or offices.
2. Wireless LAN (WLAN): Uses wireless communication (Wi-Fi).
3. Wide Area Network (WAN): Covers large areas like cities or countries.

4.2 Network Issues and Communication

Security Issues Regarding Data Transfer


Ensuring privacy and confidentiality during data transfer.
Risks include hacking, interception, and eavesdropping.

Passwords
Purpose: Prevent unauthorized access.
Characteristics of strong passwords:
- At least 8-12 characters.
- Mix of letters, numbers, and special characters.
Best Practices:
- Regularly change passwords.
- Avoid simple passwords (e.g., 12345).

Other Authentication Methods


1. Biometric methods: Fingerprint, face recognition.
2. Magnetic stripes: Used for cards.
3. Smart cards: Embedded chips for security.
4. Physical tokens: Generate unique access codes.
5. Electronic tokens: Software-based authentication.

Anti-Malware Software
Protects systems from malicious software.
Functions:
- Scans for viruses and malware.
- Removes/quarantines infected files.
- Keeps software updated for protection.

Electronic Conferencing
Definition: Communication through technology for remote interaction.
Types:
- Video conferencing: Visual and audio communication.
- Audio conferencing: Voice-only communication.
- Web conferencing: Sharing screens and files.
Advantages:
- Saves travel time and costs.
- Enables global collaboration.
Disadvantages:
- Requires a stable internet connection.
- Technical disruptions may occur.

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