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Sajid'S EXP 2

The experiment aimed to study half-wave rectifiers by calculating and measuring their DC output voltages. It confirmed that half-wave rectification converts AC to pulsating DC, demonstrating its limitations such as low efficiency and ripple. The findings emphasize the importance of rectifiers in power electronics and their applications.

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16 views5 pages

Sajid'S EXP 2

The experiment aimed to study half-wave rectifiers by calculating and measuring their DC output voltages. It confirmed that half-wave rectification converts AC to pulsating DC, demonstrating its limitations such as low efficiency and ripple. The findings emphasize the importance of rectifiers in power electronics and their applications.

Uploaded by

ohsajid2024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No.

02:

Title: Study of Half-Wave Rectifiers.


Objective: The objective of this experiment is to calculate, compare, draw, and measure
the DC output voltages of half-wave rectifier circuits.

Theory:

The primary function of half-wave and full-wave rectification systems is to establish a DC


level from a sinusoidal input signal that has zero average (DC) level.
The half-wave voltage signal of Fig 1, normally established by a network with a single
diode, has an average or equivalent DC voltage level equal to 31.8% of the peak voltage Vm.
That is Vdc = 0.318 .Vpeak volts (half-wave) eq.2.1
The full-wave rectifier signal of Fig.2.1 has twice the average or DC level of the half-
wave signal, or 63.6% of the peak value Vm.
That is Vdc = 0.636 .Vpeak volts (full-wave) eq.2.2
For large sinusoidal inputs (Vm>> VT) the forward-biased transition voltage VT of a diode
can be ignored. However, for situations when the peak value of the sinusoidal signal is not
that much greater than VT, VT can have a noticeable effect on VDC

Figure 1: Half wave rectifier

In rectification systems the peak inverse voltage (PIV) must be considered carefully. The
PIV voltage is the maximum reverse-bias voltage that a diode can handle before entering
the Zener breakdown region. For typical single diode half-wave rectification systems, the
required PIV level is equal to the peak value of the applied sinusoidal signal. For the four
diodes full wave bridge rectification system, the required PIV level is again the peak value,
but for a two diode center tapped configuration, it is twice the peak value of the applied
signal.
Half-wave Rectifiers with Smoothing Capacitor

In the process of rectification from an AC current to DC current, the amount of ripples


present in the DC output will be greatly reduced by placing a capacitor in parallel with the
resistive load. The capacitance of the capacitor should be very high in order to eliminate
great amounts of AC harmonic frequencies in DC output, but the cost and size of the
capacitor should be less.

Output:

Half wave rectifier output without capacitor


Half wave rectifier output with capacitor

Discussion:

Conclusion:
The experiment successfully verified the working principle of a half-wave
rectifier, showing its ability to convert AC into a unidirectional DC output. The results
confirmed that the rectifier conducts only during the positive half-cycle, producing a
pulsating DC signal with noticeable ripple. This highlights the limitations of half-wave
rectification, such as low efficiency and the need for filtering. Overall, the study reinforced
the fundamental role of rectifiers in power electronics and their practical applications.

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