THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
CVNG2001 MMXXIII STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS LECTURE 1
DR. N. RAMROOP
PhD MSc BSc MASCE MSEI MIABSE MAPETT REng
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
CVNG2001 MMXXIII INTRODUCTORY
CONCEPTS
CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
In today’s lecture
▪ Equilibrium
▪ Statical Indeterminacy
▪ Compatibility
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Equilibrium
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Equilibrium
𝐹𝑥 = 0 once all satisfied,
the system is in
𝐹𝑦 = 0 equilibrium
statically determinate
𝑀𝑧 = 0 statically indeterminate
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Statical Indeterminacy
statically determinate
unknowns can be solved from EE
statically indeterminate
unknowns > available EE
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Statical Indeterminacy
For statically indeterminate structures:
• 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 and ∆𝑚𝑎𝑥 are smaller than those of its statically determinate
structures, hence smaller member sizes
• redistribute its load to its redundant supports
• cost savings in material must be compared with fabrication cost supports &
joints (costly)
• differential displacement of the supports due to redundant support
reactions. This effect will introduce internal stresses in the structure.
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Statical Indeterminacy
Calculation
𝑏 + 𝑟 = 2𝑗 statically determinate 𝑏 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
TRUSSES 𝑟 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑏 + 𝑟 > 2𝑗 statically indeterminate 𝑗 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑏 + 𝑟 < 2𝑗 unstable
𝑟 = 3𝑛 statically determinate 𝑟 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
FRAMES 𝑛 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑟 > 3𝑛 statically indeterminate
𝑟 < 3𝑛 unstable
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Statical Indeterminacy
Calculation
𝑏 + 𝑟 = 2𝑗 statically determinate 𝑏 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
TRUSSES 𝑟 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑏 + 𝑟 > 2𝑗 statically indeterminate 𝑗 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑏 + 𝑟 < 2𝑗 unstable
Example
b=9
r= 3 therefore, the truss is
statically determinate.
j= 6
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Statical Indeterminacy
Calculation
𝑟 = 3𝑛 statically determinate
FRAMES 𝑟 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑟 > 3𝑛 statically indeterminate 𝑛 = # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑟 < 3𝑛 unstable
Example
r= 9 statically indeterminate
n= 2 to the 3rd degree
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Statical Indeterminacy
Self-study questions:
Structural Analysis 9th Ed – R.C. Hibbler
Page 125 Q3-1 to Q3-4
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
Statical Indeterminacy
Classify the frame shown in below, as statically determinate or statically
indeterminate. If statically indeterminate, report the number of degrees of
indeterminacy.
r =18 statically indeterminate
𝑟 > 3𝑛 n=4 to the 6th degree
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
P
A B
Compatibility
P
0 = ∆′𝐵𝐵 − ∆𝐵
A B
∆𝐵
∆′𝐵𝐵 = 𝐵𝑦 𝑓𝐵𝐵
A ∆′𝐵𝐵 = 𝐵𝑦 𝑓𝐵𝐵
0 = −∆𝐵 + 𝐵𝑦 𝑓𝐵𝐵 B
By
𝑓𝐵𝐵 = linear flexibility coefficient
Equation of compatibility – expresses the fact that the change in displacement
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of the beam must be compatible with the conditions at the supports
CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
P
B
Compatibility A
P
0 = 𝜃′𝐴𝐴 + 𝜃′𝐴 B
A
𝜃𝐴
𝜃′𝐴𝐴 = 𝑀𝐴 𝛼𝐴𝐴
0 = 𝜃𝐴 + 𝑀𝐴 𝛼𝐴𝐴 𝑀𝐴
A
𝜃′𝐴𝐴 = 𝑀𝐴 𝛼𝐴𝐴
𝛼𝐴𝐴 = angular flexibility coefficient
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CVNG 2001 - Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 1 – Introductory Concepts
End of Lecture
Next session:
Deformation of Plane Trusses
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