Scribd
Upload
21 views6 pages

Experiment 4

The document outlines the experimental procedure and analysis for determining the formula of a hydrate, including the importance of heating crucibles, cooling samples, and using a desiccator. It presents calculations for the percentage of water in hydrates, moles of water and anhydrate, and potential sources of error. Additionally, it provides calculations for preparing solutions with specific concentrations of copper ions from anhydrous and hydrated copper sulfate.

Uploaded by

marinda jacob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views6 pages

Experiment 4

The document outlines the experimental procedure and analysis for determining the formula of a hydrate, including the importance of heating crucibles, cooling samples, and using a desiccator. It presents calculations for the percentage of water in hydrates, moles of water and anhydrate, and potential sources of error. Additionally, it provides calculations for preparing solutions with specific concentrations of copper ions from anhydrous and hydrated copper sulfate.

Uploaded by

marinda jacob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Report Sheets for Experiment 4 (Formula of a Hydrate)

RESULTS:

Remember to attach your data and observations.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1) Why do we first heat the empty crucible and weigh it before putting the sample in?

We heat the crucible to evaporate all extra moisture in the crucible the salt will not be able to absorb
extra water and as a result we will get correct water of hydration

2) Why is a lid placed on the crucible while the sample cools after being heated?

The lid protects the salt from absorbing anymore moisture from the surrounding when it colling
down it act as the seal between the salt and air

3) What is the purpose of doing a second heating of the sample?

To make sure that all the water is evaporated so we get the anhydrous form of the salt.it could also
shows us how precise the estimate of the first heating is.

4) After a heating, why is the sample not allowed to cool for more than 10 minutes to make sure it
has reached room temperature?
The sample is expected to cool to its room temperature, if cooling exceeds the normal temperature
this may have tendency to absorb more water as no heating is done to the ceramic past this period

5) If you wanted to cool your sample for more than 10 minutes, and ensure that no water was
absorbed was absorbed from the atmosphere, what device would you use? How does this device
prevent moisture from being absorbed by the sample?

Desiccator, they are sealable closures designed to prevent the sample to come in contact with the air.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS:

1. Calculate the % by weight of water in your unknown hydrate. Report the % to four digits.

Weight of the hydrate =1.0972g


Weight of anhydrate =0.8613g
% by weight of water=(weight of water/weight of hydrate)x100
= (0.2359g/1.0972g)x100
=21.50%
2. Calculate the moles of water in your sample.

Mass of the water present in the hydrate = 0.2359g


Molar mass of the water=18.016g/mol
Moles of water =0.2359x1 mole H2O/ 18.016=0.0131mol

3. Calculate the moles of anhydrate in your sample.

Mass of anhydrate=0.8613g
Molar mass of the CaSO4 =136.14g/mol
Moles of anhydrate =0.8613g/136.14g/mol = 0.0063

4. Using the anhydrate formula given to you in lab, and the values from questions 2 and 3 above,
give the formula of your unknown hydrate. Show your calculation. Round the water to the
nearest 1/2 or whole number of moles.

Caso4 0.00063mol/0.00063mol
H2O 0.0131mol/0.0063 =2

CaSO42H20
5. List three sources of error in this experiment.
 Decomposing of anhydrous salt due to overheating
 While cooling the salt, forgetting to close the lid of the crucible and hence the extra
water might be absorbed during the cooling process.
 Not enough heating of the hydrate causes the moisture to stick around causing
variation in the results.

6. A solid hydrate weighing 2.682 g was heated to drive off water. A solid anhydrous residue
remained. Which weighed 1.420 g.

a) Calculate the % water in the hydrate


Weight of water =2.682g-1.420g
=1.262g
% of water = weight of water/ weight of hydrate X 100
=1.262g/2.682g x 100
= 47.05%
b) If the anhydrous residue has a formula weight of 142g/mole, how many moles of water are present
in one mole of hydrate?

Mass of hydrate= 2.682g


Mass of anhydrous residue = 1.420g

Mass of water =2.682g--1.420g


=1.262g
Molar mass of anhydrous residue= 142g/mol

Moles of anhydrous residue= 1.420g/142g/mol =0.0


Moles of water = 1.262g/18.02 =0.07mol
Stoichiometry of anhydrous residue= 0.01/0.01=1
Stoichiometry of water=0.07/0.01=7

7. a) What weight of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate would be required to make 1.5 litres of solution
containing 10.0 grams of Cu2+ ions per litre?

Masss of cu=10.0g/L X 1.5 L=15.0g


Mass of Cuso4= 159.62g/mol
Percent of cu in cuso4
63.55g/mol /159.62g/mol x 100
=39.83%
Mass of CuSO=15.0/0.3983=37.67g
7 b) What weight of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate would be required to make the solution in 7a)
above?
Amount of Cu²⁺ ions needed = 15.0 g
Molar mass of CuSO₄·5H₂O:= 249.72 g/mol

The percentage of Cu in CuSO₄·5H₂O:


63.55/249.72 x 100 = 25.45%
Mass of CuSO₄·5H₂O to provide 15.0 g of Cu²⁺:
15.0g/0.2545g/mol = 58.96g

You might also like