https://matplotlib.

org/

How to install Matplotlib?

Go to anaconda cmd and type "pip install matplotlib" (internet connection is required), pip is a package
manager.

What is Matplotlib?
Matplotlib is a graph plotting library in python that serves as a data visualization utility. It was created by
John D. Hunter. Matplotlib is open source and we can use it freely.

Data Visualization:
Human brain can process information easily when it is in pictorial or graphical form. Data visualization
allows us to quickly interpret the data and adjust different variables to see their effect.

Types of Plots:
In [1]: from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

In [2]: import numpy as np

import pandas as pd

Line Plot
Line plot can be defined as a graph that displays data as points or check marks above a
number line, showing the frequency of each value

In [3]: plt.plot([2,4,6,8],[10,3,20,4])
plt.show()

In [4]: x=[2,4,6,8]
y=[10,3,20,4]

plt.figure(figsize=(5,3))

plt.plot(x,y,linestyle = 'dotted',
linewidth = '2',
marker = 'o',
color = 'r')

plt.title('Line Plot')
plt.ylabel("Y Axis")
 plt.show()

In [5]: x1=[5,8,10]
y1=[12,16,6]

x2=[6,9,11]
y2=[6,15,7]

plt.figure(figsize=(5,3))

plt.plot(x1,y1, 'g', label='line one')

plt.plot(x2,y2, 'b', label='line two')

plt.title('Multi Line Plot')

plt.ylabel("Y Axis")
plt.xlabel("X Axis")

plt.legend()
plt.grid(True, color='k', linestyle='--', linewidth=0.5)

plt.show()

In [6]: x = np.linspace(0, 2, 100)

plt.figure(figsize=(5, 3))
 plt.plot(x, x, label='linear')
plt.plot(x, x**2, label='quadratic')
plt.plot(x, x**3, label='cubic')
plt.xlabel('X label')
plt.ylabel('Y label')
plt.title("Simple Plot")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Bar Graph
Bar graph are a type of data visualization used to represent data in the form of rectangular
bars. The height of each bar represents the value of a data point, and the width of each bar
represents the category of the data. e.g., region wise sales of a company

In [7]: plt.bar([1,3,5,7,9],[5,2,7,8,2], label='Example One', color='g', width = 0.5)

plt.bar([2,4,6,8,10],[8,6,2,5,6], label='Example Two', color='c', width = 0.5)

#Horizontal Bars
#plt.barh([1,3,5,7,9],[5,2,7,8,2], label='Example One', color='g')
#plt.barh([2,4,6,8,10],[8,6,2,5,6], label='Example Two', color='c')

plt.title('Bar Graph')
plt.ylabel('Bar Height')
plt.xlabel('Bar Number')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
 Histograms
Histogram is a plot that lets you discover, and show, the underlying frequency distribution
(shape) of a set of continuous data. This allows the inspection of the data for its underlying
distribution. e.g., data distribution

In [8]: pop=[22,55,62,45,21,22,34,42,42,4,99,101,110,120,121,122,130,111,115,112,80,75,65,54,44,
bins=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,130]

plt.figure(figsize=(5,3))
plt.hist(pop,bins, histtype='bar', rwidth=0.8)

plt.title('Histogram')
plt.ylabel('Y')
plt.xlabel('X')

plt.show()
 Scatter Plot
Scatter plot uses dots to represent values for two different numeric variables. The position of
each dot on the horizontal and vertical axis indicates values for an individual data point.
Scatter plots are used to observe relationships between variables. e.g., different companies
sales

In [9]: x = [5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6]
y = [99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86]
#c = ["red","green","blue","yellow","pink","black","orange","purple","beige","brown","gr
#s = [20,50,40,100,75,200,60,90,10,150,250,200,75]

plt.figure(figsize=(5,3))
plt.scatter(x,y) #color=c, sizes=s
plt.xlabel('X')
plt.ylabel('Y')
plt.title('Scatter Plot')
plt.show()
Area Plot / Stack Plot
 Area Plot, also known as a mountain chart, is a data visualization type that combines the appearance of a line
chart and a bar chart. It is commonly used to show how numerical valueschange based on a second variable,
usually a time period. e.g., growth of company sales in different region

In [10]: days=[1,2,3,4,5]

sleeping=[7,8,6,11,7]
eating=[2,3,4,3,2]
working=[7,8,7,2,2]
playing=[8,5,7,8,13]

plt.plot([],[], color='m', label='Sleeping', linewidth=5)

plt.plot([],[], color='c', label='Eating', linewidth=5)
plt.plot([],[], color='r', label='Working', linewidth=5)
plt.plot([],[], color='k', label='Playing', linewidth=5)

plt.stackplot(days, sleeping, eating, working, playing, colors=['m','c','r','k'])

plt.xlabel('X')
plt.ylabel('Y')
plt.title('Area Plot')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Pie Chart
Pie chart is a graphical representation technique that displays data in a circular-shaped graph.
e.g., income, expenses and profit of a company

In [11]: slices=[7,2,2,13]
activities=['Sleeping', 'Eating', 'Working', 'Playing']
 cols=['c','m','r','b']

plt.pie(slices, labels=activities, colors=cols, startangle=90, shadow=True, explode=(0.1

plt.title('Pie Plot')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Hexagonal Bin Plot

Hexagonal Bin plot partitions the data space into hexagonal bins and displays the count of
data points in each bin using different colors. e.g., covid-19 pandemic effected areas

In [12]: n = 10000
x=np.random.randn(n)
y=np.random.randn(n)

plt.figure(figsize=(5,4))
plt.hexbin(x, y, gridsize = 30, cmap ='Greens')
plt.title('Hexagonal Bin Plot')
plt.xlabel('X')
plt.ylabel('Y')
plt.show()
 Box Plot
Box plot give a good graphical image of the concentration of the data. They also show how
far the extreme values are from most of the data.

In [13]: x = np.linspace(0, 2, 100)

plt.figure(figsize=(5,4))
plt.boxplot(x)
plt.title('Box Plot')
plt.show()
Sub Plotting
With the subplot( () function you can draw multiple plots in one figure

In [14]: plt.figure(figsize=(5,4))

# Plot 1:
a1 = [0, 1, 2, 3]
b1 = [3, 8, 1, 10]

plt.subplot(2, 1, 1) # Contains 2 Rows, 1 Column, 1st Row

plt.plot(a1,b1)
plt.title("SALES")

# Plot 2:
a2 = [0, 1, 2, 3]
b2 = [10, 20, 30, 40]

plt.subplot(2, 1, 2) # Contains 2 Rows, 1 Column, 2nd Row

plt.plot(a2,b2)
plt.title("INCOME")

plt.tight_layout(pad=3.0) # Give some spacing between two plots

plt.suptitle("MY SHOP") # Super Title

plt.show()

Pandas For Plotting

In [15]: df=pd.read_csv('data.csv')
df.plot(figsize=(5,3))
df.plot(kind='scatter', x='Duration', y='Calories',figsize=(5,3))
df.plot(kind='hist', x='Duration', y='Calories',figsize=(5,3))

<Axes: ylabel='Frequency'>
Out[15]: