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Lecture 18

Lecture 18 covers preprocessor directives in C programming, which include macro substitution, conditional compilation, and file inclusion. Key directives such as #define, #ifdef, and #include are explained with examples demonstrating their usage. The lecture also illustrates how to create macros with arguments and perform conditional compilation based on defined values.

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3 views3 pages

Lecture 18

Lecture 18 covers preprocessor directives in C programming, which include macro substitution, conditional compilation, and file inclusion. Key directives such as #define, #ifdef, and #include are explained with examples demonstrating their usage. The lecture also illustrates how to create macros with arguments and perform conditional compilation based on defined values.

Uploaded by

sanjida05alfa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE 1011 Lecture 18

Lecture – 18

Preprocessor directory: The source code for C program can include various
instructions to the compiler. A preprocessor directive performs macro substitution
conditional compilation and inclusion of named files.

The C preprocessor as defined by the ANSI C standard contains the following directives :
#if, #elif, #else, #ifdef, #ifndef, #endif, #include, #define, #undef, #line, #error, #pragma.

All the preprocessors begin with a #.

#define: The #define directive is used to define an identifier and a character sequence that is
encountered in the source file. The identifier is called a macro name, and the replacement
process is called macro substitution. The general form of the directive is:

#define macroname replacement_text

Example 1:
#define MAX 100
#define one 1
#define two one+one
#define three two+one
#define str “hellow”

The #define has another powerful feature. The macro name can have arguments.

Example 2:
#define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b))?a : b
Minimum 10

void main(void)
{
int x = 10, y = 20 ; printf(“Minimum %d\n”, MIN(x,y));
}

In compile time, printf(“Maximum %d\n”, MIN(x,y)); will be


replaced by printf(“Minimum %d\n”, ((x)<(y))?x : y);

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Example 3:

#define EVEN(a) a%2 = = 0 ? 1 : 0


This is odd
void main(void)
{
if(EVEN(9+1))
printf(“This is even\n”);
else
printf(“This is odd\n”);
}

Other Examples:[defining if….else & loop in marco]

#define SUM_A(x, y) \
({ \
double answer; \
if ((x) == 0 || (y) == 0) \
answer = 0; \
else \
answer = x+y; \
(answer); \
})
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

#define LOOP(start, end) \


for (int i = (start); i < (end); i++) { \
printf("%d\n", i); \
}

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

#define loopSum(start, end) \


({ int sum=0; \
for(int i=start; i<=end;i++) \
sum+=i; \
(sum); \
})

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Conditional compilation: Syntax of conditional compilation is given below:

#if expression
statement
#endif

Example 4:

#define MAX 12
#define SERIAL 5
void main(void)
{
int flag = 0 ;
#if MAX>10
flag = 1;
198
#if SERIAL
int port = 198;
#else
int port = 200;
#endif
#else
char a[100]=”hellow”;
#endif

if(flag)
printf(“%d”,port);
else
printf(“%s”,a);
}

Example 5:
#define TED
TED is defined
void main(void)
{
#ifdef TED
printf(“TED is defined\n”);
#else
printf(“TED is not defined\n”);
#endif
}

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