EXERCISE 1:

A company specialized in manufacturing motorcycles. The inspection process

showed that each product might have two defects: A welding defect with a
probability of 0.03. An electrical component defect with a probability of 0.02.
The inspection also showed that the two defects are independent. A motorcycle is
considered defective if it has at least one of these defects.
1. Show that the probability of a motorcycle being defective is 0.0494.
2. A wholesaler received 800 motorcycles from the company. Let 𝑋 be the
random variable representing the number of defective motorcycles among the
800.
a). Show that 𝑋 follows a binomial distribution.
b). Calculate the expected value (mathematical expectation) and interpret its
meaning.
3. A small retailer orders 25 motorcycles.
a). Calculate the probability that more than two motorcycles are defective
Approximate to10⁻³.
4. The retailer wants the probability of receiving at least one defective
motorcycle to be less than 50%. Determine the maximum number of 𝑛
motorcycles where 𝑛 the number of motorcycles that he can order.
The random variable associated with each produced motorcycle, representing its
lifetime in days, follows an exponential distribution with a rate parameter of λ =
0.0007. Its probability density function, defined over the interval [0, +∞[is
given by:
𝑓(𝑋) = 0.0007𝑒 −0.0007𝑥
1.Calculate the probability that its lifetime falls between 500 and 600 days,
approximated to 10⁻³.
EXERCISE 2:
The time required to repair a machine follows an exponential distribution with
parameter equal λ = 0.05.
1. What is the probability that the repair time exceeds two hours?
2. What is the probability that the repair process takes at least ten hours, given
that it has already lasted nine hours.
EXERCISE 3: A
A physics laboratory in a high school contains a set of identical oscilloscopes.
The lifespan, in years, of an oscilloscope is a random variable denoted by X
which follows an exponential distribution with a mean lifespan greater than zero.
1. Given that 𝑃(𝑋 > 10) = 0,286.
show that λ = 0,125 is the value approximated to 10⁻³ for the parameter 𝜆.
 2. In the following calculations, we take 𝜆 = 0,125 .
Calculate the probability that an oscilloscope has a lifespan of less than six
months.
3.Given that the device has been operational for eight years, what is the
probability that
its total lifespan exceeds ten years?
EXERCISE 4:
A continuous random variable X on the interval from 0 to positive infinity
represents the lifetime in years of a washing machine, with 𝜆 = 0.02.
1. What is the probability that the machine will break down before 10 years?
2. What is the probability that it will break down for the first time after 10 years?
EXERCISE 5:
𝑋 is a random variable that follows a uniform distribution on the interval from
[0,1]. Determine the probability of each of the following events:𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑋 <
0,3); 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑋 > 0,07); 𝑃(𝐶) = (𝑋 = 0,5); 𝑃(𝐷) = 𝑃(0,09 > 𝑋 > 0,01).
EXERCISE 6:
We randomly select a point M from the segment[ 𝐴𝐵], where 𝐴𝐵 = 1; 𝐴𝐶 =
0,2; 𝐴𝐷 = 0,8. What is the probability of:
1. The point M belonging to 𝐶𝐷 ?.
2. M being closer to C than to 𝐷?
EXERCISE 7:
Houda arrives at the bus stop at eight o’clock 8: 00. Given that the bus arrives at
a random moment following a uniform distribution between eight 8: 00 and
eight-thirty 8: 30:
1. What is the probability that Houda waits more than ten minutes?
2. If it is already 8: 15 and the bus has not yet arrived, what is the probability
that Houda will wait at least ten more minutes?
EXERCISE 8:
A company rents vehicles in a mountainous area. These vehicles stop on the road
for external reasons, such as running out of fuel, encountering herds of animals
crossing and so on.
The vehicle departs from its garage and let 𝑋 represent a random variable that
measures the distance (in kilometers) traveled by the vehicle until an incident
occurs.
Assuming 𝑋 it follows an exponential law with a parameter 𝜆 = 1\82 , its
probability density function is given by:
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (1\82)𝑒 −𝑥\82 ; 𝑥 ≥ 0
In this exercise, we assume the results are approximated to 10⁻³.
1. Calculate the probability that the uninterrupted distance traveled without an
incident is:
(a) Between 50 𝑘𝑚 and 100 𝑘𝑚.
(b) Greater than 300 𝑘𝑚.
2. If it is known that a vehicle covered 350 𝑘𝑚 without stopping (without an
incident).
(a) what is the probability that it will not stop in the next 25 𝑘𝑚?
𝐴
3. By using the integration by parts, where: I(A) = ∫0∞ 𝑒 −𝑥\82 𝑑𝑥 where: 𝐴 ∈
ℝ; 𝐴 > 0
(b) Calculate the limit 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐼(𝐴); (this represents the average distance covered
𝑥→+∞
without an incident).
4. The company owns 𝑁0 cars, and the distance traveled by each car from the
moment it leaves the garage until a reason for stopping occurs is independent
pairwise random variables following an exponential distribution with a mean 𝜆 =
1/82;𝑑 represents a positive real number. Let 𝑋𝑑 be the random variable that
equals the number of cars that did not experience an incident after traveling a
distance of 𝑑𝑘𝑚 .
4-1. Prove that 𝑋𝑑 follows a Binomial distribution with parameters 𝑁0 and
p=𝑒 −𝜆\82 .
4-2. Give the mean of the number of cars that did not experience any incident
after traveling 𝑑𝑘𝑚 kilometers.
EXERCISE 9:
A bus passes every half hour starting at six o'clock 6: 00 in the morning. A
passenger arrives at this stop sometime between six 6: 00 and seven 7: 00 in the
morning.
Suppose the time of arrival at the stop is a random variable uniformly distributed
over the interval from[0,60] .
1. What is the probability that this passenger waits less than 5 minutes to board
the next bus?
2. What is the probability that this passenger waits more than 20 minutes to
board the next bus?
EXERCISE 10:
The lifetime of an electronic component follows an exponential law with a
parameter 𝜆.
To ensure a longer lifetime for an electronic machine, this component is replaced
by two identical components A and B, connected in parallel.
In this case, the machine will only fail if both components fail.
 It is assumed that the failure of component A is independent of the failure of
component B.
The lifetime of the electronic machine is T.
We denote and as the lifetimes of components 𝑇𝐴 and 𝑇𝐵 respectively.
1.Among the following equality: 𝑃(𝑇 ≤ 𝑡) = 𝑃(𝑇𝐴 ≤ 𝑡) ∗ 𝑃(𝑇𝐵 ≤ 𝑡).
2
2. Conclude that 𝑃(𝑇 ≤ 𝑡) = (1 − 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 ) .
Suppose that:𝜆 = 3.10−2 .
3. What is the probability that the component will operate for more than two
years?
4. If the component is replaced by 3 identical connected in parallel, what is the
probability that it will operate for more than three years?
EXERCISE 11:
The lifespan (expressed in years) for some types of televisions is a random
variable 𝑋 that follows a basic exponential distribution with a parameter( 𝜆 =
0.01).
1. Calculate the probability that a television of the same type breaks down before
5 years.
2. Calculate the probability that a television of the same type does not break
down before 1 year.
3. Calculate the probability that a television of the same type continues to
function until 6 years, given that it has already functioned for 5 years. What do
you observe?
EXERCISE 12:
A factory produces electronic games. Let 𝑇 be a random variable representing the
lifetime (in days) of an electronic component used in these games, following an
exponential distribution with a parameter
𝜆 = 1\700 .
1. Determine the function defined from [0, +∞[ such that: 𝐹(𝑡) = 𝑃(𝑇 ≤ 𝑡)
2.
• What is the probability that the electronic component does not fail within
the first four months?
• calculate the probability that the component remains functional for two
years.
• What is the probability that the component remains functional for five
years, given that it has already been working for two years?
• After how long will 10% of the components be defective?
 3. Two electronic components A and B, are produced for this game. Let𝑇𝐴
and𝑇𝐵 be two random variables representing their respective lifetimes, assuming
that𝑇𝐴 and 𝑇𝐵 are independent.
(a) Compute 𝑃(𝑇𝐴 ≥ 300 ).
(b) What is the probability that the game functions after 300 days of production,
given that components A and B are connected in series?
(c) What is the probability that the game functions after 300 days of production,
given that components A and B are connected in parallel? The game functions
only if at least one component is still operational.