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Python Week4 Lecture7 Handout

The document discusses various methods for operating on lists in Python, including the use of functions like map and filter, as well as list comprehension for creating sublists and manipulating data. It explains how to apply functions to list elements and select specific items based on properties. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding list initialization to avoid unintended shared references in nested lists.

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sameerasimha2005
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6 views14 pages

Python Week4 Lecture7 Handout

The document discusses various methods for operating on lists in Python, including the use of functions like map and filter, as well as list comprehension for creating sublists and manipulating data. It explains how to apply functions to list elements and select specific items based on properties. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding list initialization to avoid unintended shared references in nested lists.

Uploaded by

sameerasimha2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NPTEL MOOC

PROGRAMMING,
DATA STRUCTURES AND
ALGORITHMS IN PYTHON
Week 4, Lecture 7

Madhavan Mukund, Chennai Mathematical Institute


http://www.cmi.ac.in/~madhavan
Operating on lists
Update an entire list

for x in l:
x = f(x)

Define a function to do this in general

def applylist(f,l):
for x in l:
x = f(x)
Built in function map()
map(f,l) applies f to each element of l

Output of map(f,l) is not a list!

Use list(map(f,l)) to get a list

Can be used directly in a for loop

for i in map(f,l):

Like range(i,j), d.keys()


Selecting a sublist

Extract list of primes from list numberlist

primelist = []
for i in numberlist:
if isprime(i):
primelist.append(i)
return(primelist)
Selecting a sublist
In general

def select(property,l):
sublist = []
for x in l:
if property(x):
sublist.append(x)
return(sublist)

Note that property is a function that returns True or


False for each element
Built in function filter()

filter(p,l) checks p for each element of l

Output is sublist of values that satisfy p


Combining map and filter

Squares of even numbers from 0 to 99

list(map(square,filter(iseven,range(100))

def square(x):
return(x*x)

def iseven(x):
return(x%2 == 0)
List comprehension
Pythagorean triple: x2 + y2 = z2

All Pythagorean triples (x,y,z) with values below n

{ (x,y,z) | 1 ≤ x,y,z ≤ n, x2 + y2 = z2 }

In set theory, this is called set comprehension

Building a new set from existing sets

Extend to lists
List comprehension

Squares of even numbers below 100

[square(x) for i in range(100) if iseven(x)]

map generator filter


Multiple generators
Pythagorean triples with x,y,z below 100

[(x,y,z) for x in range(100)


for y in range(100)
for z in range(100)
if x*x + y*y == z*z]

Order of x,y,z is like nested for loop

for x in range(100):
for y in range(100):
for z in range(100):
Multiple generators

Later generators can depend on earlier ones

Pythagorean triples with x,y,z below 100, no


duplicates

[(x,y,z) for x in range(100)


for y in range(x,100)
for z in range(y,100)
if x*x + y*y == z*z]
Useful for initialising lists

Initialise a 4 x 3 matrix

4 rows, 3 columns

Stored row-wise

l = [ [ 0 for i in range(3) ]
for j in range(4)]
Warning
What’s happening here?

>>> zerolist = [ 0 for i in range(3) ]


>>> l = [ zerolist for j in range(4) ]

>>> l[1][1] = 7

>>> l
[[0,7,0],[0,7,0],[0,7,0],[0,7,0]]

Each row in l points to same list zerolist


Summary

map and filter are useful functions to manipulate


lists

List comprehension provides a useful notation for


combining map and filter

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