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Atul Soni - C Programming to Improve Coding Skills_ Only Learning and Algorithm Based Programs With Source Code-Independently Published (2024)

This book, authored by Atul Soni, is designed to enhance coding skills in C programming through 500 algorithm-based programs with source code. It focuses solely on practical coding examples without theoretical explanations, making it suitable for beginners and educators. The book is structured for easy readability and uses popular tools like the MinGW compiler and VS Code.

Uploaded by

Ajay Singh Negi

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

106 views

Atul Soni - C Programming to Improve Coding Skills_ Only Learning and Algorithm Based Programs With Source Code-Independently Published (2024)

Uploaded by

Ajay Singh Negi

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 837

C PROGRAMMING

To Improve Coding Skills

Only Learning & Algorithm based

Programs with Source Code
1st Edition (Jan-2024)

by Atul Soni
COPYRIGHT © 2024 BY
ATUL SONI
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system,
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

Cover design by: Atul Soni

Email ID: [email protected]

For my wonderful family. For all your love and support.
- Atul Soni
INTRODUCTION
This book covers all the concepts that the programmers need to develop
their skills:
➢ Contains 500 learning and algorithm based programs with source code.
➢ Contains only programs source code and output snapshots (it doesn’t
contain any theory, for theory there are many books available).
➢ We use MinGW compiler for C Programming.
➢ We use text editor VS Code, which is popular among beginner and
professional programmers and works well on all operating systems.
➢ Each chapter contains well planned and organized collection of
programs.
➢ This book will also be very helpful for beginners, teachers and trainers
of C programming language.
➢ We use small variable or identifier names for better readability in
digital media like kindle, ipad, tab and mobile.
➢ This book contains much simpler approach to coding.
➢ A simpler approach is used to organize the programs for beginners as
well as professional.
➢ Each program in this ebook starts from new page for better
readability/understandability.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

s = n1 + n2;

printf( "Sum = " );

printf( "%d\n", s );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 12 :
Program to find the Area and Circumference of Circle.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float radius, area, circum;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Radius : " );

scanf( "%f", &radius );

area = 3.14 * radius * radius;

circum = 2 * 3.14 * radius;

printf( "\nArea of Circle = %f\n", area );

printf( "\nWith formatting : \n" );

printf( "%7d\n", a );
printf( "%7d\n", b );
printf( "%7d\n", c );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 16 :
Program to calculate Simple Interest.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main( )
{
system( "cls" );
float p, r, t, si ;

printf( "Enter Principal, Rate & Time : " ) ;

scanf( "%f %f %f", &p, &r, &t ) ;

si = ( p * r * t ) / 100;

printf( "\nSimple Interest = %.2f\n", si ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 17 :
Program to convert Upper-case letter to Lower-case letter.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Capital / Upper case Letter : " );

scanf( "%c", &ch );

printf( "\nLower case Equivalent : %c\n", ( ch + 32 ) );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 18 :
Program to calculate the Car’s average from the given total distance
travelled (in kms) and fuel consumed (in litres).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float km, ltr, avg;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Total Distance in km : " );

scanf( "%f", &km );
printf( "Enter Total Fuel consumed in litres : " );
scanf( "%f", &ltr );

avg = km / ltr;

printf( "\nCar's Average (km/ltr) %.2f\n", avg );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 19 :
Program to compute the Perimeter and Area of a rectangle with a length and
width.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float l = 10.0, w = 5.0;
float peri, area;
system( "cls" );

peri = 2 * ( l + w );
printf( "Perimeter of Rectangle : %f\n", peri );

area = l * w;
printf( "Area of Rectangle : %f\n", area );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 20 :
Program to accepts two item’s weight and number of each items and
calculate the average weight per item.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float wt1, wt2, n1, n2, avg;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Weight of Item1 : " );

scanf( "%f", &wt1 );
printf( "No. of Item1 : ");
scanf( "%f", &n1 );
printf( "Weight of Item2 : " );
scanf( "%f", &wt2 );
printf( "No. of Item2 : " );
scanf( "%f", &n2);

avg = ((wt1 * n1) + (wt2 * n2)) / (n1 + n2);

printf( "Average Weight per Item : %f\n", avg );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 21 :
Program to calculate the Total Surface Area of Sphere.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
double radius, tsa;

printf( "Enter Radius : " );

scanf( "%lf", &radius );

tsa = 4.0 * 3.14 * radius * radius ;

printf( "\nTotal Surface Area of Sphere : %lf\n", tsa );

Program No. - 25 :
Program to input Basic Monthly Salary and calculate HRA, DA and Gross
Monthly Salary.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float bs, gs, da, hra ;
system( "cls" );

printf ( "Enter Basic Monthly Salary : " ) ;

scanf ( "%f", &bs ) ;

hra = bs * 20 / 100 ;
da = bs * 45 / 100 ;
gs = bs + hra + da ;

printf ( "\nBasic Monthly Salary : Rs. %f\n", bs ) ;

printf ( "HRA............................. : Rs. %f\n", hra ) ;
printf ( "DA................................ : Rs. %f\n", da ) ;
printf ( "Gross Monthly Salary.. : Rs. %f\n", gs ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 26 :
Program to explain Simple C Program Structure.
Code :
// File Inclusion Section
#include <stdio.h>
// Global Declaration & Definition Section
int x, y = 20;
void show();
// main Function
int main()
{
int a, b = 40;
system( "cls" );
x = 10;
a = 30;

printf( "a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

show();

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
// Function Definition
void show()
{
printf( "x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
CHAPTER − 2
Variables, Constants & Data Types
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 27 :
Program to explain Variable Declaration and Assignment.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int length; // Variable Declaration.
system( "cls" );

length = 10; // Assignment.

printf( "The length is " );

printf( "%d\n", length );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 28 :
Program to explain Variable Initialization.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float radius = 10.0, height = 10.0;
float volume;
system( "cls" );

volume = 3.1416 * radius * radius * height;

printf( "Volume is : %f\n", volume );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 29 :
Program to define and use Constants using const keyword.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
const int MAX = 100;
const float PI = 3.14159;
system( "cls" );

printf( "SIZE : %d\n", MAX );

printf( "PI : %f\n", PI );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 30 :
Program to explain Constant definition.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float rad, vol;
const float PI = 3.14159;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Radius of Sphere : " );

scanf( "%f", &rad );

vol = ( 4.0 / 3.0 ) * PI * rad * rad * rad;

printf( "\nVolume of Sphere is = %f\n", vol );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

scanf( "%f", &rad );

area = 3.14 * rad * rad;

printf( "\nArea of Circle is = %f\n", area );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 34 :
Program to explain Global & Local Variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int x = 10; /* Global Variable */
int main()
{
int y = 20; /* Local Variable */
system( "cls" );

printf( "x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 35 :
Program to use Character Data Type.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
system( "cls" );

ch = 'A';
printf( "ch = %c\n", ch );

ch = 97; /* ASCII value of a */

printf( "ch = %c\n", ch );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 36 :
Program to print ASCII value of given Character.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Character : " );

scanf( "%c", &ch );

printf( "\nThe ASCII value of \'%c\' is : %d\n", ch, ch );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 37 :
Program to use Escape Sequence / Back-Slash character.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "A\nB \n" );

printf( "A\tB \n" );
printf( "\"ATUL\" \n" );
printf( "\'ATUL\' \n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

a = p * pow( ( 1 + ( r / 100 ) ), n ) ;
ci = a − p ;

printf( "\nCompound interest = Rs. %f\n", ci );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 41 :
Program to calculate Area of Triangle by using Math library function sqrt().
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
float s, a, b, c, ar;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the value a, b & c : " );

scanf( "%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c );

s = (a + b + c) / 2;
ar = sqrt( s * (s − a) * (s − b) * (s − c) );

printf( "\nArea of Triangle is = %f\n", ar );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 42 :
Program to calculate the distance between the two points.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
float x1, y1, x2, y2, dist;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter value of x1 : " );

scanf( "%f", &x1 );
printf( "Enter value of y1 : " );
scanf( "%f", &y1 );
printf( "Enter value of x2 : " );
scanf( "%f", &x2 );
printf( "Enter value of y2 : ");
scanf( "%f", &y2 );

dist = sqrt(((x2 − x1) * (x2 − x1)) + ((y2 − y1) * (y2 − y1)));

printf( "\nDistance between Two Points : %.4f\n", dist );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 43 :
Program to display the range of different character and integer data types
using pre-defined constants.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "CHAR_MIN : %d\n", CHAR_MIN );

printf( "CHAR_MAX : %d\n", CHAR_MAX );

printf( "SHRT_MIN : %d\n", SHRT_MIN );

printf( "SHRT_MAX : %d\n", SHRT_MAX );

printf( "INT_MIN : %d\n", INT_MIN );

printf( "INT_MAX : %d\n", INT_MAX );

printf( "LONG_MIN : %ld\n", LONG_MIN );

printf( "LONG_MAX : %ld\n", LONG_MAX );

printf( "LLONG_MIN : %lld\n", LLONG_MIN );

printf( "LLONG_MAX : %lld\n", LLONG_MAX );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 44 :
Program to display the upper limit of different unsigned character and
integer data types using pre-defined constants.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "UCHAR_MAX : %d\n", UCHAR_MAX );

printf( "USHRT_MAX : %d\n", USHRT_MAX );
printf( "UINT_MAX : %u\n", UINT_MAX );
printf( "ULONG_MAX : %lu\n", ULONG_MAX );
printf( "ULLONG_MAX : %llu\n", ULLONG_MAX );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 45 :
Program to explain unsigned modifier.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int var1 = 1500000000;
unsigned int var2 = 1500000000;
system( "cls" );

var1 = ( var1 * 2 ) / 3;
var2 = ( var2 * 2 ) / 3;

printf( "Signed variable = %d\n", var1 );

printf( "Unsigned variable = %d\n", var2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

CHAPTER – 3
Operators & Expressions
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 46 :
Program to explain all Unary Operators ( +, −, !, ++, −−, ~ ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
system( "cls" );
printf( "Unary Operators : \n" );

a = +10; // Positive

b = −10; // Negative
printf( "a = %d \nb = %d\n", a, b );

a = 1;
b = !a; // Not
printf( "\n!a = %d\n", b );

a = 10;
b = ++a; // Increment
printf( "\n++a = %d\n", b );

a = 10;
b = −−a; // Decrement
printf( "−−a = %d\n", b );

a = 10;
b = ~a; // Complement
printf( "\n~a = %d\n", b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 47 :
Program to use Arithmetic operators ( + − * / % ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 20, b = 3;
int sum, sub, mul, rem, idiv ;
float rdiv;
system( "cls" );

sum = a + b;
sub = a − b;
mul = a * b;
idiv = a / b;
rem = a % b;
rdiv = (float)a / (float)b;

printf( "sum = %d\n", sum );

printf( "sub = %d\n", sub );
printf( "mul = %d\n", mul );
printf( "idiv = %d\n", idiv );
printf( "rem = %d\n", rem );
printf( "\nrdiv = %f\n", rdiv );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 48 :
Program to explain Relational Operators ( <, >, <=, >=, ==, != ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter any Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "\n(n < 10) is = %d\n", ( n < 10 ) );

printf( "(n > 10) is = %d\n", ( n > 10 ) );
printf( "(n <= 10) is = %d\n", ( n <= 10 ) );
printf( "(n >= 10) is = %d\n", ( n >= 10 ) );
printf( "(n == 10) is = %d\n", ( n == 10 ) );
printf( "(n != 10) is = %d\n", ( n != 10 ) );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 49 :
Program to explain the Relational operator.
( < > <= >= == != ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a;
system( "cls" );

a = ( 10 < 20 );
printf( "(10 < 20) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 10 > 20 );
printf( "(10 > 20) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 10 <= 20 );
printf( "(10 <= 20) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 10 >= 20 );
printf( "(10 >= 20) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 20 == 20 );
printf( "(20 == 20) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 20 != 20 );
printf( "(20 != 20) = %d\n", a ) ;

Program No. - 53 :
Program to explain the Logical AND ( && ) operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a;
system( "cls" );

a = ( 2< 1 ) && ( 4 < 3 );

printf( "(2<1) && (4<3) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 2< 1 ) && ( 4 > 3 );

printf( "(2<1) && (4>3) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 2> 1 ) && ( 4 < 3 );

printf( "(2>1) && (4<3) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 2> 1 ) && ( 4 > 3 );

printf( "(2>1) && (4>3) = %d\n", a ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 54 :
Program to explain the Logical OR ( || ) operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a;
system( "cls" );

a = ( 2 < 1 ) || ( 4 < 3 );
printf( "(2<1) || (4<3) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 2 < 1 ) || ( 4 > 3 );
printf( "(2<1) || (4>3) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 2 > 1 ) || ( 4 < 3 );
printf( "(2>1) || (4<3) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = ( 2 > 1 ) || ( 4 > 3 );
printf( "(2>1) || (4>3) = %d\n", a ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 55 :
Program to explain the Logical NOT ( ! ) operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a;
system( "cls" );

a = !( 2 < 1 );
printf( "!(2<1) = %d\n", a ) ;

a = !( 2 > 1 );
printf( "!(2>1) = %d\n", a ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 56 :
Program to use Assignment Operator ( = ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, d;
system( "cls" );

a = 10; /* 10 = a; invalid */

b = a;
c = a + b; /* a + b = c; invalid */
d = 10;
d = d + 10; /* equivalent to d += 10; */

printf( "a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

printf( "c = %d, d = %d\n", c, d );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 57 :
Program to use Assignment Operator ( = ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, d, e, f;
system( "cls" );

a = b = c = d = e = f = 10;

printf( "a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

printf( "c = %d, d = %d\n", c, d );
printf( "e = %d, f = %d\n", e, f );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 58 :
Program to explain Short-hand Assignment( Compound Assignment )
Operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num = 25;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Num : %d\n", num );

num += 10;
printf( "Num += 10 : %d\n", num );

num −= 5;
printf( "Num −= 5 : %d\n", num );

num *= 2;
printf( "Num *= 2 : %d\n", num );

num /= 3;
printf( "Num /= 3 : %d\n", num );

num %= 3;
printf( "Num %= 3 : %d\n", num );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 59 :
Program to explain the Prefix and Postfix Increment ( ++ ) operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int a = 10, b;
system( "cls" );

b = ++a;
printf( "After Prefix Increment : " );
printf( "a = %d and b = %d\n", a, b );

a = 10;
b = a++;
printf( "After Postfix Increment : " );
printf( "a = %d and b = %d\n", a, b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 60 :
Program to explain the Prefix and Postfix Decrement (−−) operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int a = 10, b;
system( "cls" );

b = −−a;
printf( "After Prefix Decrement : " );
printf( "a = %d and b = %d\n", a, b );

c = a ^ b;
printf( "a ^ b = %d\n", c );

c = ~a;
printf( "~a = %d\n", c );

c = a << 3;
printf( "a << 3 = %d\n", c );

c = b >> 2;
printf( "b >> 2 = %d\n", c );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 66 :
Program to use sizeof() operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 100, b;
system( "cls" );

b = sizeof( a );
printf( "The size of a : %d\n", b );

b = sizeof( double );
printf( "The size of double : %d\n", b );

b = sizeof( 123L );
printf( "The size of 123L : %d\n", b );

b = sizeof( 123.45 );
printf( "The size of 123.45 : %d\n", b );

b = sizeof( 123.45f );
printf( "The size of 123.45f : %d\n", b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 67 :
Program to explain sizeof() operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "The size of a char is:\t\t" );

printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( char ) );
printf( "The size of a short int is:\t" );
printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( short ) );
printf( "The size of an int is:\t\t" );
printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( int ) );
printf( "The size of a long int is:\t" );;
printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( long ) );
printf( "The size of a long long int is:\t" );;
printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( long long ) );
printf( "The size of a float is:\t\t" );
printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( float ) );
printf( "The size of a double is:\t" );
printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( double ) );
printf( "The size of a long double is:\t" );
printf( "%d bytes.\n", sizeof( long double ) );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 68 :
Program to explain the use Comma( , ) Operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
system( "cls" );

c = ( a=10, b=20, a+b );

printf( "a : %d\n", a );

printf( "b : %d\n", b );
printf( "c : %d\n", c );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 69 :
Program to use Comma ( , ) operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, sq, cube;
system( "cls" );
num = 10;

sq = ( num * num ), cube = ( num * num * num );

printf( "The square of %d is : %d\n", num, sq );

printf( "The cube of %d is : %d\n", num, cube );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 70 :
Program to explain the Comma Operator ( , ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 10;
system( "cls" );

// Comma Operator ( L −> R )

printf( "Value = %d\n", ( a *= 2, b ) );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 71 :
Program to rotate values of three variables in single statement using comma
operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, t;
system( "cls" );
printf( "a = %d, b = %d, c = %d", a, b, c );

t=a, a=b, b=c, c=t; /* comma operator */

printf( "\nAfter Rotation : \n" );

printf( "a = %d, b = %d, c = %d\n", a, b, c );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 72 :
Program to explain the use Conditional / Ternary Operator( ? : ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, max;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &a, &b );

max = ( (a > b) ? a : b );

printf( "\nMaximum Value is : %d\n", max );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 73 :
Program to find biggest of three numbers using ternary operator /
conditional operator ( ? : ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, max;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Three Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d %d", &a ,&b, &c );

max = ( (a>b) ? ((a>c)?a:c) : ((b>c)?b:c) );

printf( "\nMaximum = %d\n", max );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

Program No. - 76 :
Program to explain Operator Precedence.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float result;
system( "cls" );

result = 1.0 + 2.0 * 3.0 / 4.0;

printf( "%f\n", result );

result = 1.0 / 2.0 + 3.0;

printf( "%f\n", result );

result = (1.0 + 2.0) / 3.0;

printf( "%f\n", result );

result = (1.0 + 2.0 / 3.0) + 4.0;

printf( "%f\n", result );

Program No. - 80 :
Program to use Explicit Conversion or Type Casting.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 2000000000, b = 2000000000;
system( "cls" );

a = ( (long long)a * 10 ) / 20;

b = ( b * 10 ) / 20;

printf( "a : %d\n", a );

printf( "b : %d\n", b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 81 :
Program to explain Automatic / Implicit type conversion.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
// implicit conversion
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
long l = 100; /* int −> long */\
double d = l; /* long −> double */
printf( "l = %ld\n", l );
printf( "d = %lf\n", d );

d = 25 + 10.5; /* int −> double */

printf( "d = %lf\n", d );

printf( "Years = %d\n", y );

printf( "Months = %d\n", m );
printf( "Weeks = %d\n", w );
printf( "Days = %d\n", d );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 84 :
Program to find value of Hundred, Tens and Unit place of given Three Digit
Number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, u, t, h;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Three Digit Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

u = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
t = n % 10;
h = n / 10;

printf( "Hundred Place = %d\n", h );

printf( "Tens Place = %d\n", t );
printf( "Unit Place = %d\n", u );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 85 :
Program to Swap of two numbers using Bitwise operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &a, &b );

printf( "\nBefore Swapping : a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

a = a ^ b;
b = a ^ b;
a = a ^ b;

printf( "After Swapping : a = %d, a = %d\n", a, b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

CHAPTER – 4
Selection
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 86 :
Program to explain Simple If statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

if( n > 100 )

{
printf( "\nNumber is greater than 100.\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 87 :
Program to explain If-else statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

if( n > 100 )

{
printf( "\nNumber is greater than 100.\n" );
}
else
{
printf( "\nNumber is smaller than or equal to 100.\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 88 :
Program to find maximum of three numbers using simple if statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, max = 0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Three Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c );

max = a;
if( b > max )
max = b;
if( c > max )
max = c;

printf( "\nMaximum : %d\n", max );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 89 :
Program to find Maximum of Two Numbers using If-Else statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, max;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &a, &b );

if( a > b )
max = a;
else
max = b;

printf( "\nMaximum = %d\n", max );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 90 :
Program to check whether the given number is Even or Odd ?
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

if( n % 2 == 0 )
printf( "\n%d is an Even number.\n", n );
else
printf( "\n%d is an Odd number.\n", n );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 91 :
Program to check whether the given number is Positive or Negative ?
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

if( n >= 0 )
printf( "\n%d is a Positive number.\n", n );
else
printf( "\n%d is a Negative number.\n", n );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 92 :
Program to check whether the given character is Alphanumeric or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main()
{
int ch;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a character : " );

ch = getchar();

if( isalnum( ch ) )
printf( "\nIt is an alpha-numeric character.\n" );
else
printf( "\nThis is not an alpha-numeric character.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 93 :
Program to check whether the given year is Leap year or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int year;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Year (yyyy) : " );

scanf( "%d", &year );

if( year % 4 == 0 )
printf( "\n%d is Leap Year.\n", year );
else
printf( "\n%d is Not a Leap Year.\n", year );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 94 :
Program to find Maximum of Three Numbers using Nested If statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, g;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Three Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c );

if( a > b )
{
if( a > c )
g = a;
else
g=c;
}
else
{
if( b > c)
g = b;
else
g = c;
}

printf( "\nGreatest Number is : %d\n", g );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 95 :
Program to find Grade using Nested If statement on the basis of Range of
Marks.
Marks Grade
80 to 100 A+
70 to 80 A
60 to 70 B
40 to 60 C
0 to 40 F
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int m;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the Marks : " );

scanf( "%d", &m );

if( m >= 80 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = A+ \n" );
}
else
{
if( m >= 70 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = A \n" );
}
else
{
if( m >= 60 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = B \n" );
}
else
{
if( m >= 40 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = C \n" );
}
else
{
printf( "\nGrade = F \n" );
}
}
}
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 96 :
Program to check whether the given number is Positive, Negative or Zero.
Code :
#include <stdio.h> >
int main()
{
int n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

if( n > 0 )
printf( "\nPositive Number.\n" );
else if( n < 0 )
printf( "\nNegative Number.\n" );
else
printf( "\nZero.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 97 :
Program to find Maximum of three numbers using Nested If.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n1, n2, n3;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Three Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d %d", &n1, &n2, &n3 );

if( ( n1 > n2 ) && ( n1 > n3 ) )

printf( "\nGreatest Number : %d\n", n1 );
else
{
if( n2 > n3 )
printf( "\nGreatest Number : %d\n", n2 );
else
printf( "\nGreatest Number : %d\n", n3 );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 98 :
Program to find Maximum of three numbers using Nested If.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n1, n2, n3, n4;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Four numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d %d %d", &n1, &n2, &n3, &n4 );

if( ( n1 > n2 ) && ( n1 > n3 ) && ( n1 > n4 ) )

printf( "\nGreatest Number : %d\n", n1 );
else
if( ( n2 > n3 ) && ( n2 > n4 ) )
printf( "\nGreatest Number : %d\n", n2 );
else
if( n3 > n4 )
printf( "\nGreatest Number : %d\n", n3 );
else
printf( "\nGreatest Number : %d\n", n4 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 99 :
Program to find Grade using Else If ladder statement on the basis of Range
of Marks.
Marks Grade
80 to 100 A+
70 to 80 A
60 to 70 B
40 to 60 C
0 to 40 F
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int m;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the Marks : " );

scanf( "%d", &m );

if( m >= 80 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = A+ \n" );
}
else if( m >= 70 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = A \n" );
}
else if( m >= 60 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = B \n" );
}
else if( m >= 40 )
{
printf( "\nGrade = C \n" );
}
else
{
printf( "\nGrade = F \n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 100 :
Program to check whether the Given Year is Leap or Not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int y;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the year (4-digit) : " );

scanf( "%d", &y );

if( y % 100 == 0 )
{
if( y % 400 == 0 )
printf( "\nIt is a LEAP Year.\n" );
else
printf( "\nIt is NOT a LEAP Year.\n" );
}
else if( y % 4 == 0 )
printf( "\nIt is a LEAP Year.\n" );
else
printf( "\nIt is NOT a LEAP Year.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 101 :
Program to create Menu Based (Choice Based) Program for Temperature
Conversion.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int choice;
float temp, cnvtemp;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Temp. conversation menu : \n" );

printf( "1. Fahrenheit to Celsius.\n" );
printf( "2. Celsius to Fahrenheit.\n" );
printf( "Enter your choice : " );
scanf( "%d", &choice );

if( choice == 1 )
{
printf( "\nEnter temp. in Fahrenheit : " );
scanf( "%f", &temp );

cnvtemp = ( temp − 32 ) / 1.8;

printf( "\nThe temp in Celsius is = %f \n", cnvtemp );
}
else
{
printf( "\nEnter temp in Celsius : " );
scanf( "%f", &temp );
cnvtemp = ( 1.8 * temp ) + 32;
printf( "\nThe temp in Fahrenheit is = %f \n", cnvtemp );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 102:
Program to use Arithmetic Operators.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char op;
int a, b, res;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &a, &b );
printf( "Enter the Operator (+, −, *, /, %) : " );
fflush( stdin );
scanf( "%c", &op );

if( op == '+' )
{
res = a + b;
}
else if( op == '−' )
{
res = a − b;
}
else if( op == '*' )
{
res = a * b;
}
else if( op == '/' )
{
res = a / b;
}
else if( op == '%' )
{
res = a % b;
}
else
{
printf( "Invalid operator.\n" );
}

printf( "\n%d %c %d = %d\n", a, op, b, res );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 103 :
Program to display the name of the week day on the basis of Week Day
Number ( 1 to 7 ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int d;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Day Number(1-7) : " );

scanf( "%d", &d );

if( d == 1 )
{
printf( "\nMonday.\n" );
}
else if( d == 2 )
{
printf( "\nTuesday.\n" );
}
else if( d == 3 )
{
printf( "\nWednesday.\n" );
}
else if( d == 4 )
{
printf( "\nThursday.\n" );
}
else if( d == 5 )
{
printf( "\nFriday.\n" );
}
else if( d == 6 )
{
printf( "\nSaturday.\n" );
}
else if( d == 7 )
{
printf( "\nSunday.\n" );
}
else
{
printf( "\nInvalid Day Number.\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 104 :
Program to display the name of the week day on the basis of Week Day
Number ( 1 to 7 ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int d;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Day Number (1-7): " );

scanf( "%d", &d );

switch( d )
{
case 1:
printf( "\nMonday\n" );
break;
case 2:
printf( "\nTuesday\n" );
break;
case 3:
printf( "\nWednesday\n" );
break;
case 4:
printf( "\nThursday\n" );
break;
case 5:
printf( "\nFriday\n" );
break;
case 6:
printf( "\nSaturday\n" );
break;
case 7:
printf( "\nSunday\n" );
break;
default :
printf( "\nWrong Day Number.\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 105 :
Program to use Elseif ladder for multiple values of single variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 3;
system( "cls" );

if( a == 1 )
{
printf( "One.\n" );
}
else if( a == 2 )
{
printf( "Two.\n" );
}
else if( a == 3 )
{
printf( "Three.\n" );
}
else
{
printf( "Other Number.\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 106 :
Program to use switch-case for multiple values of single variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 3;
system( "cls" );

switch( a )
{
case 1:
printf( "One.\n" );
break;
case 2:
printf( "Two.\n" );
break;
case 3:
printf( "Three.\n" );
break;
default:
printf( "Other Number.\n" );
break;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 107 :
Program to perform Arithmatic Operation using Switch-case statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char op;
int a, b, res;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &a, &b );
printf( "Enter the operator (+, −, *, /, %) : " );
fflush( stdin );
scanf( "%c", &op );

switch( op )
{
case '+':
res = a + b;
break;
case '−':
res = a − b;
break;
case '*':
res = a * b;
break;
case '/':
res = a / b;
break;
case '%':
res = a % b;
break;
default:
printf( "\nInvalid operator.\n" );
break;
}

printf( "\n%d %c %d = %d\n", a, op, b, res );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 108 :
Program to use char datatype in switch-case statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char chart;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Chart : Bar/Scatter/Line/Pie/Exit.\n" );

printf( "Press first letter of the chart you want : " );
chart = toupper( getchar() );

switch( chart )
{
case 'B':
printf( "\nDrawing Bar Chart.\n" );
break;
case 'S':
printf( "\nDrawing Scatter Chart.\n" );
break;
case 'L':
printf( "\nDrawing Line Chart.\n" );
break;
case 'P':
printf( "\nDrawing Pie Chart.\n" );
break;
default:
printf( "\nWrorng Choice.\n" );
break;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 109 :
Program to explain Nested Switch-Case Statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 100;
int b = 200;
system( "cls" );

switch( a )
{
case 100:
printf( "In Outer Switch.\n" );

switch( b )
{
case 200:
printf( "In Inner Switch.\n" );
}
}

printf( "Value of a is : %d \n", a );

printf( "Value of b is : %d \n", b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 110 :
Program to check whether the given character is Vowel or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter an Alphabet : " );

scanf( "%c", &ch );

switch( ch )
{
case 'a':
case 'A':
case 'e':
case 'E':
case 'i':
case 'I':
case 'o':
case 'O':
case 'u':
case 'U':
printf( "\n%c is a Vowel.\n", ch );
break;
default :
printf( "\n%c is not a Vowel.\n", ch );
break;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 111 :
Program to check whether the given character is Vowel or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter an Alphabet : " );

scanf( "%c", &ch );

if( (ch == 'a' ) || ( ch == 'e' ) || ( ch == 'i' ) || ( ch == 'o' ) || ( ch == 'u' ) || (

ch == 'A' ) || ( ch == 'E' ) || ( ch == 'I' ) || ( ch == 'O' ) || ( ch == 'U' ) )
{
printf( "\n%c is a Vowel.\n", ch );
}
else
{
printf( "\n%c is not a Vowel.\n", ch );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 112 :
Program to test whether a particular bit in a given number is ON or OFF
using Bitwise AND operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 45, b ;
system( "cls" ) ;

printf( "Value of a = %d", a ) ;

b = a & 32 ;

if( b == 0 )
printf( " and its fifth bit is OFF.\n" ) ;
else
printf( " and its fifth bit is ON.\n" ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

printf( "Enter any Alphabet : " );

scanf( "%c", &ch );

if( ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' )

printf( "\nLower Case : %c\n", ( ch + 32 ) );
else if( ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z' )
printf( "\nUpper Case : %c\n", ( ch − 32 ) );
else
printf( "\nNon-alphabet : %c\n", ch );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 117 :
Program to calculate Net Price after Discount on the basis of quantity
purchase using Conditional Operator ( ?: ).
Quantity Discount (%)
> 10 5%
> 25 10 %
> 50 15 %
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
const float price = 250.0;
const float discount1 = 0.05;
const float discount2 = 0.1;
const float discount3 = 0.15;
float total_price = 0.0;
int quantity = 25;
system( "cls" );

total_price = quantity * price * ( 1.0 -

( quantity>50 ? discount3 :
( quantity>20 ? discount2 :
( quantity>10 ? discount1 : 0.0 ) ) ) );

printf( "The price for %d is Rs. %.2f\n", quantity, total_price );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 118 :
Program to find Smallest value of 4 numbers using conditional operators (
?: ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a ,b, c, d, small;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter 4 Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d %d %d", &a, &b, &c, &d );

small = ( (a<b) ? ((a<c)?((a<d)?a:d):((c<d)?c:d)) :

((b<c)?((b<d)?b:d):((c<d)?c:d)) );

printf( "\nSmallest Number : %d\n", small );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

CHAPTER − 5
Iteration / Loop
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 119 :
Program to display first N natural number using for loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=1 ; i<= n ; i++ )

{
printf( " %d", i );
}
printf( "\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 120 :
Program to explain Simple While Loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n = 1;
system( "cls" );

while( n != 0 )
{
printf( "Enter No.( 0 for exit) : " );
scanf( "%d", &n );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 121 :
Program to display first N natural number using while loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

i = 1;
while( i <= n )
{
printf( " %d", i );
i++;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 122 :
Program to explain Simple Do-While Loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n = 0;
system( "cls" );

do
{
printf( "Enter No.( 0 for exit) : " );
scanf( "%d", &n );
}while( n != 0 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 123 :
Program to display first N natural number using do-while loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

i = 1;
do
{
printf( " %d", i );
i++;
}while( i <= n );

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 124 :
Program to display series 1 to 10 using for loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

for( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )

{
printf( "%d ", i );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 125 :
Program to display series 1 to 10 using for loop (in for loop initialization
part is optional).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

i = 1;
for( ; i<=10 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", i );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 126 :
Program to display series 1 to 10 using for loop (in for loop increment part
is optional).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

i = 1;
for( ; i<=10 ; )
{
printf( "%d ", i );
i++;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 127 :
Program to display series 1 to 10 using for loop (in for loop condition part
is optional).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

Program No. - 131 :
Program to calculate x raise to the power n using while loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, n, p, i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "%s", "Enter Base: " );

scanf( "%d", &x );
printf( "%s", "Enter Power: " );
scanf( "%d", &n );

i = 1;
p = 1;
while( i <= n )
{
p *= x;
i++;
}

printf( "\nPower : %d\n", p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 132 :
Program to calculate x raise to the power n using for loop.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, n, p, i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "%s", "Enter Base: " );

scanf( "%d", &x );
printf( "%s", "Enter Power: " );
scanf( "%d", &n );

p = 1;
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
p *= x;
}

printf( "\nPower : %d\n", p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 133 :
Program to Count Number of Digits in a given Number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
long int n, c;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Positive number : " );

scanf( "%ld", &n );

c = 0;
while( n != 0 )
{
n = n / 10;
c = c + 1; /* c++; */
}

printf( "\nThe number of the digits = %ld\n", c );

x = n;
rev = 0;
while( n != 0 )
{
r = n % 10;
rev = ( rev * 10 ) + r;
n = n / 10;
}

printf( "\nReversed number is = %ld\n", rev );

if( rev == x )
printf( "It is a Palindrome Number.\n" );
else
printf( "It is Not a Palindrome Number.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 137 :
Program to check whether the given number is Perfect Number or not.
(e.g. : 6 = 1 + 2 +3 )
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, s;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

s = 0;
for( i=1 ; i<=n/2 ; i++ )
{
if( n % i == 0 )
{
s = s + i;
}
}
if( s == n )
{
printf( "It is a PERFECT Number.\n" );
}
else
{
printf( "It is NOT a PERFECT Number.\n" );
}
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 138 :
Program to check whether the given number is Prime Number or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, flag;
system( "cls" );

Program No. - 141 :
Program to find HCF and LCM of Two Number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, s, hcf, i, lcm;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &a, &b );

if( a< b )
s = a;
else
s = b;

for( i=1 ; i<=s ; i++ )

{
if( ( a % i == 0 ) && ( b % i == 0 ) )
{
hcf = i;
}
}

printf( "\nThe HCF of given Numbers = %d\n", hcf );

lcm = ( a * b ) / hcf;
printf( "The LCM of given Numbers = %d\n", lcm );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 142 :
Program to find LCM and HCF of Two Number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, g, hcf, i, lcm;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &a, &b );

if( a > b )
g = a;
else
g = b;

for( i=g ; i<=(a*b) ; i++ )

{
if( ( i % a == 0 ) && ( i % b == 0 ) )
{
lcm = i;
break;
}
}

printf( "\nThe LCM of given Numbers = %d\n", lcm );

hcf = ( a * b ) / lcm;
printf( "The HCF of given Numbers = %d\n", hcf );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 143 :
Program to find HCF and LCM of two given numbers.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, y, a, b, hcf, lcm, t;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter two Numbers : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &x, &y );

if( x > y )
{
a = x;
b = y;
}
else
{
a = y;
b = x;
}

while( b != 0 )
{
t = b;
b = a % b;
a = t;
}
hcf = a;
printf( "\nHCF of %d & %d : %d\n", x, y, hcf );

lcm = (x * y) / hcf;
printf( "LCM of %d & %d : %d\n", x, y, lcm );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 144 :
Program to convert Binary number to Decimal number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
long i, n, r, num = 0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Binary Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

i = 0;
while( n != 0 )
{
r = n % 10;
num = num + ( r * pow( 2, i ) );
n = n / 10;
i++;
}

printf( "\nDecimal Equivalent : %d\n", num ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 145 :
Program to convert Octal number to Decimal number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
long i, n, r, num = 0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Octal Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

i = 0;
while( n != 0 )
{
r = n % 10;
num = num + ( r * pow( 8, i ) );
n = n / 10;
i++;
}

printf( "\nDecimal Equivalent : %d\n", num ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 146 :
Program to convert Decimal number to Binary number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
long i, n, r, num = 0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Decimal Number : " );

scanf( "%ld", &n );

i = 0;
while( n > 0 )
{
r = n % 2;
num = num + ( r * pow( 10, i ) );
n = n / 2;
i++;
}

printf( "\nBinary Equivalent : %ld\n", num );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 147 :
Program to convert Decimal number to Octal number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
long i, n, r, num = 0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Decimal Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

i = 0;
while( n != 0 )
{
r = n % 8;
num = num + ( r * pow( 10, i ) );
n = n / 8;
i++;
}

printf( "\nOctal Equivalent : %d\n", num );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 148 :
Program to Display Multiplication Table of given number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, a;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )

{
a = i * n;
printf( "\n%2d * %2d = %2d", n, i, a );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 149 :
Program to Display Multiplication Table from 1 to 10.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, a;
system( "cls" );

printf( " No|" );

for( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %3d", i );
}
printf( "\n________________________________\n" );
for( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%2d |", i );
for( j=1 ; j<=10 ; j++ )
{
a = i * j;
printf( " %3d", a );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 150 :
Program to find Largest value in “n” number of given numbers.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, x, large = −2147483648;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter No. of Values : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter Number-%d : ", i+1 );
scanf( "%d", &x );

if( x > large )

large = x;
}

printf( "\nLargest Value : %d\n", large );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 151 :
Program to find Largest value & Smallest value in “n” number of given
numbers.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, x, large = −2147483648, small = 2147483647;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter No. of Values : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter Number-%d : ", i+1 );
scanf( "%d", &x );

if( x > large )

large = x;
if( x < small )
small = x;
}

printf( "\nLargest Value : %d\n", large );

printf( "Smallest Value : %d\n", small );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 152 :
Program to display all Leap years between two given years.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int y1, y2;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Year Range : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &y1, &y2 );

while( y1 <= y2 )
{
if( (y1 % 400 == 0) || ( y1 % 100 != 0 && y1 % 4 == 0 ))
{
printf( "\nLeap Year : %d", y1 );
}
y1++;
}
printf( "\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 153 :
Program to show Cube Table of 1 to 10.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int pow = 1;
int num = 1;
system( "cls" );

printf( "1 to 10 Cube Table : \n" );

while( pow <= 1000 )
{
pow = num * num * num;
printf( "%3d :%5d\n", num, pow );
num++;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 154 :
Program to calculate Squares of given values.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char another = 'y' ;
int num ;
system( "cls" );

while ( another == 'y' )

{
printf ( "Enter a number : " ) ;
scanf ( "%d", &num ) ;
printf ( "Square of %d : %d", num, (num * num) ) ;

printf ( "\nWant to enter another number (y/n) : " ) ;

scanf ( " %c", &another ) ;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 155 :
Program to display all Pythogorus Triplets from 2 to N.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, k;
int num;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Upper limit for Pythogorus Triplet : " );

scanf( "%d", &num );

for( i=2 ; i<=num ; i++ )

{
for( j=i ; j<=num ; j++ )
{
for( k=j ; k<=num ; k++ )
{
if( (i*i)+(j*j) == (k*k) )
{
printf( "\nSq(%d) + Sq(%d)\t= sq(%d)", i, j, k );
}
}
}
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 156 :
Program to explain break statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

for( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )

if( a == 10 )
{
goto LBL;
}

printf( "CCC\n" );
printf( "DDD\n" );

LBL:
printf( "EEE\n" );
printf( "FFF\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 160 :
Program to explain goto statement with backward jump.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

i = 1;

LABEL1:
printf( " %d", i );
i++;
if( i <= 10 )
{
goto LABEL1;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 161 :
Program to display Even numbers and using continue.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Terms : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=1 ; i<= (2 * n) ; i++ )

{
if( i % 2 != 0 )
{
continue;
}
printf( " %d", i );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 162 :
Program to use continue statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
long dividend, divisor;
char ch;
system( "cls" );

do
{
printf( "Enter Dividend : " );
scanf( "%ld", &dividend );
printf( "Enter Divisor : " );
scanf( "%ld", &divisor );

if( divisor == 0 )
{
printf( "\nILLEGAL Divisor.\n" );
continue;
}
printf( "\nQuotient = %d\n", ( dividend / divisor ) );
printf( "Remainder = %d\n", ( dividend % divisor ) );

printf( "Do another ? (y/n) : " );

fflush( stdin );
scanf( "%c", &ch );
}while( ch != 'n' );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 163 :
Program to use exit() function to check whether the given Number is Prime
Number or Not.
Code :
#include <stdlib.h> /* #include <process.h> */
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=2 ; i<=n/2 ; i++ )

{
if( n % i == 0 )
{
printf( "\n%d is not a Prime Number.\n", n );
system( "pause" );
exit( 0 );
}
}
printf( "\n%d is a Prime Number.\n", n );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 164 :
Program to display all Perfect number between 1 to 100.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, sum;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Perfect Numbers between 1 to 100 : \n" );

for( n=1 ; n<=100 ; n++ )
{
sum = 0;
i = 1;
while( i <= (n/2) )
{
if( n % i == 0 )
sum = sum + i;
i++;
}
if( sum == n )
printf( "Perfect Number : %d\n", n );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 165 :
Program to display all Prime numbers from 2 to 100 and count it.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int i, x, n, r, flag, cnt = 0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Prime Numbers 2 to 100 : \n" );

for( n=2 ; n<=100 ; n++ )
{
flag = 1;
for( i=2 ; i<=sqrt(n) ; i++ )
{
if( n % i == 0 )
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if( flag == 1 )
{
printf( " %2d", n );
cnt++;
if( cnt % 10 == 0)
printf( "\n" );
}
}
printf( "\nTotal Prime Numbers : %d\n", cnt );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 166 :
Program to display all three digits Armstrong Numbers and count it.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, x, n, r, s, cnt=0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Armstrong Numbers 100 to 999 : \n" );

for( i=100 ; i<=999 ; i++ )
{
x = n = i;
s = 0;
while( n != 0 )
{
r = n % 10;
s = s + ( r * r * r );
n = n / 10;
}
if( s == x )
{
printf( " %d", x );
cnt++;
}
}
printf( "\nTotal Armstrong Numbers : %d\n", cnt );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 167 :
Program to display all Strong Numbers between 1 and 100000.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, r, sum, f, i, j;
system( "cls" );

for( i=1 ; i<=100000 ; i++ )

{
n = i;
sum = 0;
while( n > 0 )
{
r = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
f = 1;
for( j=1 ; j<=r ; j++ )
{
f = f * j;
}
sum = sum + f;
}
if( sum == i )
printf( "%d is a Strong Number.\n", i );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 168 :
Program to display Truth Table for Boolean expression xy+z.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, y, z;
system( "cls" );

printf( "x\ty\tz\txy+z\n" );
printf( "___________________________" );
for( x=0 ; x<=1 ; x++ )
{
for( y=0 ; y<=1 ; y++ )
{
for( z=0 ; z<=1 ; z++ )
{
if( ((x==1) && (y==1)) || (y==1) )
printf( "\n%d\t%d\t%d\t1", x, y, z );
else
printf( "\n%d\t%d\t%d\t0", x, y, z );
}
}
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 169 :
Program to calculate Lucky Number from Date of Birth.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, sum, r;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Date of Birth (DDMMYYYY) : " );

scanf( "%d", &num );

while( num > 10 )

{
sum = 0;
while( num != 0 )
{
r = num % 10;
sum += r;
num = num / 10;
}
if( sum > 10 )
num = sum;
}
printf( "\nYour Lucky Number : %d\n", sum );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 170 :
Program to find Prime Factors of given number.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, i=1, j, cnt;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &num );

printf( "\nPrime Factors of %d are : ", num );

while( i <= num )
{
cnt = 0;
if( num % i == 0 )
{
j = 2;
while( j <= i )
{
if( i % j == 0 )
cnt++;
j++;
}
if( cnt == 1 )
printf( "%3d", i );
}
i++;
}
printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
CHAPTER – 6
Series
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 171 :
Program to display first n natural numbers.
1 2 3 4 5 ... ... n terms
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Terms : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "\n" );
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", i );
}

printf( "Sum of Odd Numbers : %d\n", osum );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 183 :
Program to display the squares of “n” number of terms of natural number
series and also find the sum.
1 4 9 16 25 36 … n terms
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, t, s, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Terms : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

s = 0;
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
t = i * i;
printf( " %d", t );
s = s + t;
}

printf( "\nSum of Series : %d\n", s );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 184 :
Program to display “n” terms of given series.
1 2 4 8 16 32 … n terms
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int i, t, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Terms : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )

printf( "Enter Number of Terms : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

s = 0.0;
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
t = 1.0 / i;
s = s + t;
}
printf( "\nSum of Series = %f\n", s );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 189 :
Program to find the sum first n terms of given series :
1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... ... n terms
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
float t, s;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Terms : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

s = 0.0;
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
t = (float) i / ( i + 1 );
s = s + t;
}
printf( "\nSum of Series = %f\n", s );

Program No. - 197 :
Program to display first n terms of following Series.
1 11 111 1111 ... ... n terms
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, t;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Terms : " );

printf( "Enter Number of Rows : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )

{
for( k=1 ; k<=(n−i) ; k++ )
{
printf( " " );
}
for( j=1 ; j<=i ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", j );
}
for( l=i−1 ; l>=1 ; l−− )
{
printf( " %d", l );
}
printf( "\n" );
}
for( i=n−1 ; i>=1 ; i−− )
{
for( k=1 ; k<=(n−i) ; k++ )
{
printf( " " );
}
for( j=1 ; j<=i ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", j );
}
for( l=i−1 ; l>=1 ; l−− )
{
printf( " %d", l );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 221 :
Program to display the following design pattern :
* * * *
*
* *
* *
* *
* * * * *
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Rows : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "\n" );
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
for( j=1 ; j<=n ; j++ )
{
if( i == 1 || i == n || j == 1 || j == n )
printf( " *" );
else
printf( " " );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 222 :
Program to display the following design pattern :

* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Rows : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "\n" );
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
for( j=1 ; j<=n ; j++ )
{
if( i == 1 || i == n || j == 1 || j == n || i == j ||
( i+j ) == (n+1) )
printf( " *" );
else
printf( " " );
}
printf( "\n" );
}
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 223 :
Program to display the following design pattern :
1
123
12345
1234567
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, k, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Rows : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=1 ; i<2*n ; i+=2 )

{
for( k=1 ; k<=(2*n−i) ; k++ )
{
printf( " " );
}
for( j=1 ; j<=i ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", j );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 224 :
Program to display the following design pattern :
C
C O
C O M
C O M P
C O M P U
C O M P U T
C O M P U T E
C O M P U T E R
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, k;
char str[25];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

scanf( "%s", str );

k = strlen( str );
for( i=0 ; i< k ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j <= i ; j++ )
{
printf( " %c", str[ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 225 :
Program to display the following design pattern :
C O M P U T E R
OMPUTER
MPUTER
PUTER
UTER
TER
ER
R
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, k, l;
char str[25];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

scanf( "%s", str );

l = strlen( str );
for( i=0 ; i< l ; i++ )
{
for( k=0 ; k <i ; k++ )
{
printf( " " );
}
for( j=i ; j < l ; j++ )
{
printf( " %c", str[ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 226 :
Program to display the following design pattern :
I
INI
INDNI
INDIDNI
INDIAIDNI
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, k, l, len;
char str[25];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

scanf( "%s", str );

len = strlen( str );

for( i=0 ; i<len ; i++ )
{
for( k=0 ; k<( len – i ) ; k++ )
{
printf( " " );
}
for( j=0 ; j<i ; j++ )
{
printf( " %c", str[ j ] );
}
for( l=i; l>=0 ; l−− )
{
printf( " %c", str[ l ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 227 :
Program to display the Pascal Triangle :
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, j, k, t;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Rows : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )

{
for( k=0 ; k<(n−i) ; k++ )
{
printf( " " );
}
for( j=0 ; j<=i ; j++ )
{
if( j == 0 || i == 0 )
t = 1;
else
t= (t*(i−j+1))/j;
printf( " %d", t );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 228 :
Program to display following pattern using break :
1
2 4
3 6 9
4 8 12 16
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Rows : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "\n" );
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
for( j=1 ; j<=n ; j++ )
{
printf( "%3d", ( i * j ) );
if( i == j )
break;
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 229 :
Program to explain use of break statement with following pattern :
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

for( i=1 ; i<=5 ; i++ )

{
for( j=1 ; j<=10 ; j++ )
{
printf ( " %d", j ) ;
if ( i == j )
break ;
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 230 :
Program to explain use of break statement with following pattern :
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

for( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )

{
for( j=1 ; j<=10 ; j++ )
{
printf ( " %d", j ) ;
if ( i == j )
break ;
}
printf( "\n" );
if( i == 5 )
break;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}

Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 231 :
Program to explain use of break statement with following pattern :
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2
1
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

for( i=1 ; i<=5 ; i++ )

{
for( j=1 ; j<=5 ; j++ )
{
if ( i > j )
continue ;
printf( " %d", j );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
CHAPTER – 8
Arrays
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 232 :
Program to use Simple Array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num[5];
int i;
system( "cls" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter value %d : ", (i + 1) );
scanf( "%d", &num[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nThe elements are : " );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", num[ i ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 233 :
Program to explain Initialization of an Array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
int num[10] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 };
system( "cls" );

for( i=0 ; i<10 ; i++ )

{
printf( " %d : %d\n", (i + 1), num[ i ] );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 234 :
Program to find Average of an Array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a[5];
float s, avg;
int i;
system( "cls" );

for ( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter Value : " );
scanf( "%f", &a[ i ] );
}

s = 0.0;
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
s = s + a[ i ];
}

avg = s / 5;
printf( "\nSum : %f\n", s );
printf( "Average : %f\n", avg );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 235 :
Program to twice the value of all elements of Array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ar[50], n,i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter No. of Array Elements : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter [%d] element : ", i+1 );
scanf( "%d", &ar[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nArray with doubled elements : " );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
ar[ i ] *= 2;
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 236 :
Program to find Maximum and Minimum of Array elements.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, arr[5], min, max;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Five Numbers : " );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &arr[ i ] );
}

min = arr[0];
max = arr[0];
for( i=1 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
if( min > arr[ i ] )
min = arr[ i ];
if( max < arr[ i ] )
max = arr[ i ];
}

printf( "\nMinimum value = %d\n", min );

printf( "Maximum value = %d\n", max );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 237 :
Program to search an element in array using Linear Search.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num[10], i, pos = −1, value;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Ten Numbers : " );

for( i=0 ; i<10 ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &num[ i ] );
}

printf( "Enter the number to be searched : " );

scanf( "%d", &value );

for( i=0 ; i<10 ; i++ )

{
if( value == num[ i ] )
{
pos = i + 1;
break;
}
}

printf( "\n\nAfter Sorting :" );

for( i=1 ; i<=5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", n[ i ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 243 :
Program to create Fibonacci Series in an Array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, a[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the Number of Terms : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

a[0] = 0;
a[1] = 1;
for( i=2 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
a[ i ] = a[ i – 1 ] + a[ i – 2 ];
}

printf( "\n" );
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ] );
}
printf( "\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 244 :
Program to check whether the given number is Unique Number or Not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, t, n, x, r, flag;
int a[10] = {0};
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

x = n;
while( n != 0 )
{
r = n % 10;
a[ r ]++;
n = n / 10;
}

flag = 1;
for( i=0 ; i<10 ; i++ )
{
if( a[ i ] > 1 )
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if( flag ) // if( flag == 1 )
printf( "\n%d is a Unique Number.\n", x );
else
printf( "\n%d is not a Unique Number.\n", x );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 245 :
Program to Swap two one dimentsional array of same size.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a[5], b[5];
int i, t;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Values of Array-1 : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ] );
}

printf( "Enter Values of Array-2 : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &b[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nArrays before Swapping : " );

printf( "\nArray-1 : " );
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", a[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nArray-2 : " );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", b[ i ] );
}
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
t = a[ i ];
a[ i ] = b[ i ];
b[ i ] = t;
}

printf( "\n\nArrays After Swapping : " );

printf( "\nArray-1 : " );
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", a[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nArray-2 : " );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", b[ i ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 246 :
Program to find First Biggest and Second Biggest of array elements.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
int main()
{
int a[5];
int i, t, big, sbig;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Values of Array : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nArray : " );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", a[ i ] );
}

big = a[0];
for( i=1 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
if( big < a[ i ] )
big = a[ i ];
}

sbig = INT_MIN; // −2147483648

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
if( ( sbig < a[ i ] ) && ( a[ i ] != big ) )
sbig = a[ i ];
}
printf( "\nFirst Biggest : %d\n", big );
printf( "Second Biggest : %d\n", sbig );

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 247 :
Program to Insert an element in given array at specific location.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ar[25], pos, i, n, value;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter number of elements in array : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "Enter %d elements :\n", n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &ar[ i ] );
}

printf( "Enter the Location to Insert : " );

scanf( "%d", &pos );
printf( "Enter the Value to Insert : " );
scanf( "%d", &value );

printf( "\nArray before Insertion : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}

for( i=n−1 ; i>=pos−1; i−− )

{
ar[ i+1] = ar[ i ];
}
ar[pos−1] = value;
n++;
printf( "\n\nArray after Insertion : \n" );
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 248 :
Program to Delete an element from given array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ar[25], pos, i, j, n, value, flag;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter number of elements in array : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "Enter %d elements :\n", n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &ar[ i ] );
}
printf( "Enter the Value to Delete : " );
scanf( "%d", &value );

printf( "\nArray before Deletion : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}

flag = 0;
for( i=0 ; i<n; i++ )
{
if( value == ar[ i ] )
{
for( j=i ; j<n−1 ; j++ )
{
ar[ j ] = ar[ j+1];
}
n−−;
flag = 1;
}
}

if( ! flag ) // (flag == 0)

{
printf( "\n\nValue %d not in Array.", value );
}
else
{
printf( "\n\nArray after Deletion : \n" );
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 249 :
Program to remove all duplicate elements from array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ar[25], pos, i, j, k, n, flag;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter number of elements in array : " );

scanf( "%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d elements :\n", n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &ar[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nOriginal Array : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}

flag = 0;
for( i=0 ; i<n; i++ )
{
for( j=i+1 ; j<n ; j++ )
{
if( ar[ j ] == ar[ i ] )
{
for( k=j ; k<(n−1) ; k++ )
{
ar[k] = ar[k+1];
}
n−−;
flag = 1;
}
}
}

if( ! flag ) // (flag == 0)

{
printf( "\n\nNo Duplicates in Array." );
}
else
{
printf( "\n\nArray without Duplicates : \n" );
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 250 :
Program to Delete an element at specific location in array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ar[25], pos, i, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter number of elements in array : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );
printf( "Enter %d elements :\n", n );
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &ar[ i ] );
}
printf( "Enter the Location of element to Delete : " );
scanf( "%d", &pos );

printf( "\nArray before Deletion : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}

if( (pos < 1) || (pos > n) )

{
printf( "\n\nLocation %d is out of Range.", pos );
}
else
{
for( i=pos−1 ; i<n−1; i++ )
{
ar[ i ] = ar[ i+1];
}
n−−;
printf( "\n\nArray after Deletion : \n" );
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", ar[ i ] );
}
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 251 :
Program to Input and display a Matrix ( 2-D Array ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[2][3];
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )

{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( "Enter value : " );
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ j ] );
}
}

printf( "\nThe Matrix is : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( "%d ", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 252 :
Program to Initialize a Matrix ( 2-D Array ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[2][3] = { { 10, 20, 30 },
{ 40, 50, 50 } };
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Matrix A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", c[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 254 :
Program to find Transpose of given Matrix.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[2][3], b[3][2];
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )

{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( "Enter Value : " );
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ j ] );
}
}

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )

{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
b[ j ][ i ] = a[ i ][ j ] ;
}
}

printf( "\nMatrix A is :\n" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}
printf( "Matrix B is :\n" );
for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<2 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", b[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 255 :
Program to Transpose a Square Matrix without using Second matrix.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[10][10];
int n, i, j, temp;
system( "cls" );

for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &n2[ i ][ j ] );
}
}

flag = 0;
for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
if( n1[ i ][ j ] != n2[ i ][ j ] )
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if( flag == 1 ) /* if( flag ) */
break;
}

if( flag == 1 ) /* if( flag ) */

printf( "\nBoth Matrices are Unequal.\n" );
else
printf( "\nBoth Matrices are Equal.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 260 :
Program to check whether the given matrix is Identity Matrix or Not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5];
int i, j, r, c, flag;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Order of Matrices : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &r, &c );

if( r != c )
{
printf("\nNot an Identity Matrix (rows!=columns).\n" );
exit(0);
}

printf( "Enter Values of Matrix : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ j ] );
}
}

printf( "\nMatrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

flag = 1;
for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
if( (i==j && a[i][j] != 1) || (i!=j && a[i][j] != 0) )
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if( flag == 0 ) /* if( ! flag ) */
break;
}

if( flag == 1 ) /* if( flag ) */

printf( "\nMatrix is an Identity Matrix.\n" );
else
printf( "\nMatrix is not an Identity Matrix.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 261 :
Program to check whether the given matrix is Sparse Matrix or Not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5];
int i, j, r, c, zcnt=0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Order of Matrices : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &r, &c );

printf( "Enter Values of Matrix : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ j ] );

if( a[ i ][ j ] == 0 )
zcnt++;
}
}

printf( "\nMatrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

if( zcnt > ((r * c) / 2) )

printf( "\nMatrix is a Sparse Matrix.\n" );
else
printf( "\nMatrix is not a Sparse Matrix (Dense).\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 262 :
Program to find No. of even values and No. of odd values in given matrix.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5];
int i, j, r, c, ecnt, ocnt;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Order of Matrices : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &r, &c );

printf( "Enter Values of Matrix : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ j ] );
}
}

ecnt = ocnt = 0;
for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++ )
{
if( a[ i ][ j ] % 2 == 0 )
ecnt++;
if( a[ i ][ j ] % 2 != 0 )
ocnt++;
}
}

printf( "\nMatrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<r ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<c ; j++)
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

printf( "\nNo. of Even Values : %d\n", ecnt );

printf( "No. of Odd Values : %d\n", ocnt );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 263 :
Program to display Upper-Trianglar matrix of given Square matrix.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][3];
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Values of Matrix : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ j ] );
}
}

printf( "\nGiven Matrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

printf( "\nUpper Triangular Matrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
if( i <= j )
printf( " %d", a[ i ][ j ] );
else
printf( " 0", a[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

gets( str );

printf( "\nString = %s\n", str );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 267 :
Program to Initialize a String.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char s1[ ] = "Atul";
char s2[ ] = { 'A', 't', 'u', 'l', '\0' };
char s3[5];
system( "cls" );

s3[0] = 'A';
s3[1] = 't';
s3[2] = 'u';
s3[3] = 'l';
s3[4] = '\0';

printf( "s1 = %s\n", s1 );

printf( "s2 = %s\n", s2 );
printf( "s3 = %s\n", s3 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 268 :
Program to display a string character-wise.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[ ] = "ATUL" ;
int i = 0 ;
system( "cls" );

while( name[ i ] != '\0' )

{
printf( " %c\n", name[ i ] ) ;
i++ ;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 269 :
Program to explain that multiple strings are cancatenated.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "Atul" "Kumar" "Soni";
system( "cls" );

puts( s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 270 :
Program to find the length of string using strlen( ) function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str[ ] = "Atul Kumar Soni" ;
int len ;
system( "cls" ) ;

printf( "str1 : %s\n", str1 );

printf( "str2 : %s\n", str2 );
printf( "\nDifference = %d\n", d );

if( d == 0 )
printf( "Strings are same.\n" );
else
printf( "Strings are different.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 275 :
Program to use strcmpi() function to Compare String.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char pass[20] = "INDIA", ps[20];
int ctr = 0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Your Password : " );

scanf( "%s", ps );

ctr = strcmpi( pass, ps );

if( ctr == 0 )
printf( "\nCorrect password!!!\n" );
else
printf( "\nWrong password!!!\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 276 :
Program to Swap Two Strings.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[25], str2[25], t[25];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Strings : " );

scanf( "%s %s", str1, str2 );

printf( "\nStrings Before Swapping are : \n" );

printf( " 1. %s \t 2. %s\n", str1, str2 );

strcpy( t, str1 );
strcpy( str1, str2 );
strcpy( str2, t );

printf( "\nStrings After Swapping are : \n" );

printf( " 1. %s \t 2. %s\n", str1, str2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 277 :
Program to explain the use of strrev() string library function .
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "GREEN";
system( "cls" );

printf( "Original String : %s\n", s1 );

strrev( s1 );

printf( "Reversed String : %s\n", s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 278 :
Program to check whether the given string is Palindrome or Not using
string library functions.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "RADAR";
// char s1[25] = "INDIA";
char s2[25];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Original String : %s\n", s1 );

strcpy( s2, s1 );
strrev( s2 );

printf( "Reversed String : %s\n", s2 );

if( strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 )

printf( "%s is a Palindrome.\n", s1 );
else
printf( "%s is not a Palindrome.\n", s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 279 :
Program to Remove all Vowels from given string.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "INDIA";
char s2[25];
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Original String : %s\n", s1 );

j = 0;
for( i=0 ; s1[ i ]!='\0' ; i++ )
{
if( s1[ i ]!='A' && s1[ i ]!='a' && s1[ i ]!='E' &&
s1[ i ]!='e' && s1[ i ]!='I' && s1[ i ]!='i' &&
s1[ i ]!='O' && s1[ i ]!='o' && s1[ i ]!='U' &&
s1[ i ]!='u' )
{
s2[ j ] = s1[ i ];
j++;
}
}
s2[ j ] = '\0';

printf( "String without Vowels : %s\n", s2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 280 :
Program to Remove all Vowels from the given string without using second
string.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "INDIA";
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Original String : %s\n", s1 );

i = 0;
while( s1[ i ] != '\0' )
{
if( s1[ i ]=='A' || s1[ i ]=='a' || s1[ i ]=='E' ||
s1[ i ]=='e' || s1[ i ]=='I' || s1[ i ]=='i' ||
s1[ i ]=='O' || s1[ i ]=='o' || s1[ i ]=='U' ||
s1[ i ]=='u' )
{
for( j=i ; s1[ j ]!='\0' ; j++ )
s1[ j ] = s1[ j+1];
}
else
i++;
}

printf( "String without Vowels : %s\n", s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 281 :
Program to find Length of String without using strlen() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[50];
int i, len;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter String : " );

gets( str );

for( i=0 ; str[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ );

len = i;

printf( "\nLength of String : %d\n", len );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 282 :
Program to copy String without using strcpy() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[25] = "Atul Kumar Soni";
char str2[25];
int i;
system( "cls" );

for ( i=0 ; str1[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )

{
str2[ i ] = str1[ i ];
}
str2[ i ] = '\0';

printf( "str1 = %s\n", str1 );

printf( "str2 = %s\n", str2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 283 :
Program to concat String without using strcat() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[50] = "Atul";
char str2[ ] = " Soni";
int i, l;
system( "cls" );

for ( i=0 ; str1[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ );

l = i;

for ( i=0 ; str2[ i ] != '\0' ; i++)

{
str1[ l + i ] = str2[ i ];
}
str1[ l + i ] = '\0';

printf( "str1 = %s\n", str1 );

printf( "str2 = %s\n", str2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 284 :
Program to Reverse a String without using String function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[25], str2[25];
int i, j, l;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a string : " );

gets( str1 );

for( i=0 ; str1[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ ) ;

l = i;

for( i=0, j=l−1 ; j >= 0 ; j−−, i++ )

{
str2[ i ] = str1[ j ];
}
str2[ i ] = '\0';

printf( "\nReverse : %s\n", str2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 285 :
Program to check whether the Input String is Palindrome or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[26];
int i, j, len, flag;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the string : " );

gets( str );

for( len=0 ; str[len] != '\0' ; len++ ) ;

flag = 1;
for( i=0, j=len−1 ; i<len/2 ; i++, j−− )
{
if( str[ i ] != str[ j ] )
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if( flag == 1 ) /* if( flag ) */
printf( "\nIt is Palindrome.\n" );
else
printf( "\nIt is not a Palindrome.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 286 :
Program to Reverse a String without using String functions and Second
String.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, len;
char ch, str[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

gets( str );

printf( "\nGiven String = %s\n", str );

for( len=0 ; str[ len ] != '\0' ; len++ ) ;

for( i=0, j=len−1 ; i<len/2 ; i++, j−− )

{
ch = str[ i ];
str[ i ] = str[ j ];
str[ j ] = ch;
}

printf( "\nReversed String = %s\n", str );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 287 :
Program to Count the Number of Vowels in the Sentence.
Code :
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, c;
char str[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter String : " );

gets( str );

c = 0;
for( i=0 ; str[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )
{
if( ( str[ i ]=='a' ) || ( str[ i ]=='e' ) || ( str[ i ]=='i' ) ||
( str[ i ]=='o' ) || ( str[ i ]=='u' ) || ( str[ i ]=='A' ) ||
( str[ i ]=='E' ) || ( str[ i ]=='I' ) || ( str[ i ]=='O' ) ||
( str[ i ]=='U' ) )
{
c++;
}
}

printf( "\nNumber of Vowels = %d\n", c );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 288 :
Program to convert lowercase characters of string to uppercase characters.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main()
{
char s1[ ] = "india";
int i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "s1 : %s \n", s1 );

for( i=0 ; s1[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )

if( (s1[ i ] >= 97) && (s1[ i ] <= 122) )
s1[ i ] = toupper( s1[ i ] );

printf( "s1 : %s \n", s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 289 :
Program to convert uppercase characters of string to lowercase characters.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main()
{
char s1[ ] = "INDIA";
int i;
system( "cls" );

for( i=0 ; s1[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )

if( (s1[ i ] >= 65) && (s1[ i ] <= 90) )
s1[ i ] = tolower( s1[ i ] );

printf( "s1 : %s \n", s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 290 :
Program to Count the Number of Vowels in the Sentence.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int c, i;
char str[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter String : " );

gets( str );

c = 0;
for( i=0 ; str[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )
{
switch( str[ i ] )
{
case 'a':
case 'A':
case 'e':
case 'E':
case 'i':
case 'I':
case 'o':
case 'O':
case 'u':
case 'U':
c++;
}
}

printf( "\nNumber of Vowels = %d\n", c );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 291 :
Program to count Number of Words and Number of Characters in Given
String.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[25];
int i, c = 0, w = 1;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter String : " );

gets( str );

for( i=0 ; str[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )

{
if( ( str[ i ] == ' ' ) && ( str[ i−1 ] != ' ' ) )
w++;
else if( str[ i ] != '.' )
c++;
}

printf( "\nNumber of words : %d\n", w );

printf( "Number of characters : %d\n", c );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No.- 292 :
Program to show the use of while loop in string.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[ ] = "Atul Kumar Soni" ;
int i = 0 ;
system( "cls" );

while( name[ i ] != '\0' ) /* while( name[ i ] ) */

{
printf( "%c", name[ i ] ) ;
i++ ;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 293 :
Program to use pointer to access string character-wise.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[ ] = "Atul Kumar Soni" ;
char *ptr ;
system( "cls" );

ptr = name ; /* store base address of string */

while( *ptr != '\0' )

{
printf( "%c", *ptr ) ;
ptr++ ;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 294 :
Program to Sort all characters of string in Ascending Order.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "INDIA", ch;
int i, j, l;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Original String : %s\n", s1 );

len = strlen( s1 );
for( i=0 ; i<len-1 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<len−1−i ; j++ )
{
if( s1[ j ] > s1[ j+1] )
{
ch = s1[ j ];
s1[ j ] = s1[ j+1];
s1[ j+1] = ch;
}
}
}

printf( "Sorted String : %s\n", s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 295 :
Program to check whether input character is Capital letter, Small letter,
Digit or Special Symbol.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a character : " );

scanf( "%c", &ch );

if( isupper( ch ) )
printf( "\nCharacter %c is in Upper Case.\n", ch );
else if( islower( ch ) )
printf( "\nCharacter %c is in Lower Case.\n", ch );
else if( isdigit( ch ) )
printf( "\nCharacter %c is a Digit.\n", ch );
else
printf( "\nCharacter %c is a Special Symbol.\n", ch );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 296 :
Program to count number of Capital letters, Small letters, Digits and Special
Symbols.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, c = 0, sm = 0, d = 0, ss = 0;
char s[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

gets( s );

for( i=0 ; s[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )

{
if( s[ i ] >= 65 && s[ i ] <= 90 )
c++;
else if( s[ i ] >= 97 && s[ i ] <= 122 )
sm++;
else if( s[ i ] >= 48 && s[ i ] <= 57 )
d++;
else
ss++;
}

printf( "\nNumber of Capital Letters : %d\n", c );

printf( "Number of Small Letters : %d\n", sm );
printf( "Number of Digits : %d\n", d );
printf( "Number of Special Symbols : %d\n", ss );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 297 :
Program to count number of Capital letters, Small letters, Digits and Special
Symbols.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, c = 0, sm = 0, d = 0, ss = 0;
char s[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

gets( s );

for( i=0 ; s[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )

{
if( s[ i ] >= 'A' && s[ i ] <= 'Z' )
c++;
else if( s[ i ] >= 'a' && s[ i ] <= 'z' )
sm++;
else if( s[ i ] >= '0' && s[ i ] <= '9' )
d++;
else
ss++;
}

printf( "\nNumber of Capital Letters : %d\n", c );

printf( "Number of Small Letters : %d\n", sm );
printf( "Number of Digits : %d\n", d );
printf( "Number of Special Symbols : %d\n", ss );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 298 :
Program to count number of Capital letters, Small letters, Digits and Special
Symbols.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main()
{
int i, c = 0, sm = 0, d = 0, ss = 0;
char s[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

gets( s );

for( i=0 ; s[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )

{
if( isupper( s[ i ] ) )
c++;
else if( islower( s[ i ] ) )
sm++;
else if( isdigit( s[ i ] ) )
d++;
else
ss++;
}

printf( "\nNumber of Capital Letters : %d\n", c );

printf( "Number of Small Letters : %d\n", sm );
printf( "Number of Digits : %d\n", d );
printf( "Number of Special Symbols : %d\n", ss );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 299 :
Program to explain the array of strings.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[ ][15] = { "RED", "GREEN", "BLUE" };
int i;
system( "cls" );

for( i = 0 ; i<3 ; i++ )

{
printf( " %s\n", str[ i ] );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 300 :
Program to sort array of strings ( two dimensional char array ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char colors[5][10] = {
"RED",
"GREEN",
"BLUE",
"ORANGE",
"YELLOW"
};
int i, j;
char temp[10];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Colors before Sorting :\n" );

for( i = 0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %s\n", colors[ i ] );
}

for( i=0 ; i<5−1 ; i++ )

{
for( j=0 ; j<5−1−i ; j++ )
{
if( strcmp( colors[ j ], colors[ j + 1 ] ) > 0 )
{
strcpy( temp, colors[ j ] );
strcpy( colors[ j ], colors[ j + 1 ] );
strcpy( colors[ j + 1 ], temp );
}
}
}
printf( "\nColors after Sorting :\n" );
for( i = 0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %s\n", colors[ i ] );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 301 :
Program to convert each digits of a number in English word.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, i=0, j, dig;
char *word[10] = { "Zero", "One", "Two",
"Three", "Four", "Five", "Six",
"Seven", "Eight", "Nine" };
char *num_names[10];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter any Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &num );

i = 0;
while( num ) /* while( num != 0 ) */
{
dig = num % 10;
num_names[ i++ ] = word[ dig ];
num = num / 10;
}

for( j=i−1 ; j>=0 ; j−− )

{
printf( "%s ", num_names[ j ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 302 :
Program to convert each digits of a number in English word.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, i=0, j, dig;
char *num_names[10];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter any Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &num );

i = 0;
while( num )
{
dig = num % 10;
num = num / 10;

switch( dig )
{
case 0: num_names[ i ] = "Zero"; break;
case 1: num_names[ i ] = "One"; break;
case 2: num_names[ i ] = "Two"; break;
case 3: num_names[ i ] = "Three"; break;
case 4: num_names[ i ] = "Four"; break;
case 5: num_names[ i ] = "Five"; break;
case 6: num_names[ i ] = "Six"; break;
case 7: num_names[ i ] = "Seven"; break;
case 8: num_names[ i ] = "Eight"; break;
case 9: num_names[ i ] = "Nine"; break;
}
i++;
}

for( j=i−1 ; j>=0 ; j−− )

{
printf( "%s ", num_names[ j ] );
}

printf( "Sum : %d\n", s1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int sum( int x, int y )
{
return (x + y);
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 306 :
Program to explain the calling of function from printf() statement.
Code :
// calling in printf()
#include <stdio.h>
int sum( int, int );
int main( void )
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "\nSum : %d\n", sum( 10, 20 ) );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int sum( int x, int y )
{
return (x + y);
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 307 :
Program to calculate Simple Interest using Function ( No Argument and
No Return Value ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void Simp_Int();
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

Simp_Int();

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void Simp_Int()
{
float p, r, t, si;
printf( "Enter Principal, Rate and Time : " );
scanf( "%f %f %f", &p, &r, &t );

si = ( p * r * t ) / 100;

printf( "\nSimple Interest = %f\n", si );

}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 308 :
Program to calculate Simple Interest using Function ( No Argument but
Return Value ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
float Simp_Int();
int main()
{
float si1;
system( "cls" );

si1 = Simp_Int();

printf( "\nSimple Interest = %f\n", si1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
float Simp_Int()
{
float p, r, t, si;
printf( "Enter Principal, Rate and Time : " );
scanf( "%f %f %f", &p, &r, &t );

si = ( p * r * t ) / 100;

return si;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 309 :
Program to calculate Simple Interest using Function ( Argument but No
Return Value ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void Simp_Int( float, float, float );
int main()
{
float p1, r1, t1;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Principal, Rate and Time : " );

scanf( "%f %f %f", &p1, &r1, &t1 );

Simp_Int( p1, r1, t1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void Simp_Int( float p, float r, float t )
{
float si;

si = ( p * r * t ) / 100;

printf( "\nSimple Interest = %f\n", si );

}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 310 :
Program to calculate Simple Interest using Function ( Argument and
Return Value ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
float Simp_Int( float, float, float );
int main()
{
float p1, r1, t1, si1;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Principal, Rate and Time : " );

scanf( "%f %f %f", &p1, &r1, &t1 );

si1 = Simp_Int( p1, r1, t1 );

printf( "\nSimple Interest = %f\n", si1 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
float Simp_Int( float p, float r, float t )
{
float si;

si = ( p * r * t ) / 100;

return si;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 311 :
Program to use return statement in void function to terminate the function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void show();
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
printf( "Red\n" );

show();

printf( "Blue\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void show()
{
printf( "Green\n" );
return;

printf( "Orange\n" );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 312 :
Program to explain Call By Value.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void cube( int );
int main()
{
int a = 10;
system( "cls" );

cube( a );

printf( "a = %d\n", a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void cube( int x )
{
x = x * x * x;
printf( "x = %d\n", x );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 313 :
Program to explain Call By Address / Pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void cube( int* );
int main()
{
int a = 10;
system( "cls" );

cube( &a );

printf( "a = %d\n", a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void cube( int *pa )
{
*pa = (*pa) * (*pa) * (*pa);
printf( "*pa = %d\n", *pa );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 314 :
Program to Swap two numbers using Call By Value.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void swap( int, int );
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Before Swapping (in main) : a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

swap( a, b );

printf( "After Swapping (in main) : a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void swap( int x, int y )
{
int t;
printf( "Before Swapping (in swap) : x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y );

t = x;
x = y;
y = t;

printf( "After Swapping (in swap) : x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y );

}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 315 :
Program to Swap two numbers using Call By Reference / Address /
Pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void swap( int*, int* );
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Before Swapping (in main) : a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

swap( &a, &b );

printf( "After Swapping (in main) : a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void swap( int *pa, int *pb )
{
int t;
printf( "Before Swapping (in swap) : *pa = %d, *pb = %d\n", *pa, *pb
);

t = *pa;
*pa = *pb;
*pb = t;

printf( "After Swapping (in swap) : *pa = %d, *pb = %d\n", *pa, *pb
);
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 316 :
Program to explain Returning By Reference / Address / Pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int* max( int*, int* );
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20, *p;
system( "cls" );

p = max( &a, &b );

printf( "Maximum = %d\n", *p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int* max( int *pa, int *pb )
{
if( *pa > *pb )
return pa;
else
return pb;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 317 :
Program for passing Array to function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
/* void display( int* ); */
void display( int[ ] );
int main()
{
int a[ ] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
system( "cls" );

display( a );

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
/* void display( int *x ) */
void display( int x[ ] )
{
int i;
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", x[ i ] ); /* *( x + i ) */
}
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 318 :
Program for passing 2D Array to function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void display( int[ ][3] );
int main()
{
int a[ ][3] = { { 10, 20, 30 },
{ 40, 50, 60 } };
system( "cls" );

display( a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void display( int x[ ][3] )
{
int i, j;
printf( "Matrix-A : \n" );
for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", x[ i ][ j ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
}
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 319 :
Program for passing String to function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
/* void display( char* ); */
void display( char[ ] );
int main()
{
char s[ ] = "ATUL";
system( "cls" );

display( s );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
/* void display( char *s1 ) */
void display( char s1[ ] )
{
int i;
printf( "%s\n", s1 );
for( i=0 ; s1[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ )
{
printf( "%c\n", s1[ i ] ); /* *( s1 + i ) */
}
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 320 :
Program for passing Array of Strings to function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void display( char[ ][10] );
int main()
{
char s[ ][10] = { "Red", "Green", "Blue" };
system( "cls" );

display( s );

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void display( char s1[ ][10] )
{
int i;
printf( "Colors are :" );
for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %s", s1[ i ] );
}
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 321 :
Program for passing Array Elements by value to function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void display( int );
int main( )
{
int i ;
int a[ ] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 } ;
system( "cls" );

for ( i = 0 ; i< 5 ; i++ )

{
display( a[ i ] ) ;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void display( int n )
{
printf( " %d", n ) ;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 322 :
Program for passing array elements by reference to function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void display( int* );
int main( )
{
int i ;
int a[ ] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 } ;
system( "cls" );

for( i = 0 ; i< 5 ; i++ )

{
display( &a[ i ] ) ;
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void display( int *p )
{
printf( " %d", *p ) ;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 323 :
Program to find Factorial of given Number without Recursion.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
long fact( long );
int main()
{
long n, f;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the Number : " );

scanf( "%ld", &n );

f = fact( n );

printf( "\nFactorial = %ld\n", f );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
long fact( long a )
{
long f = 1;
int i;
for( i=1 ; i<= a ; i++ )
{
f = f * i;
}
return f;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 324 :
Program to calculate Factorial using Recursion.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
long fact( long );
int main()
{
long n, f;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter any Number : " );

scanf( "%ld", &n );

f = fact( n );

printf( "\nFactorial = %ld\n", f );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
long fact( long a )
{
if( a == 1 )
return 1;
else
return a * fact( a − 1 );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 325 :
Program to find the sum of first n Natural number by recursive function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int sum( int );
int main()
{
int num, s;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &num );

s = sum( num );

printf( "\nSum of %d Natural Number = %d\n", num, s );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int sum( int n )
{
if( n == 1 )
return 1;
else
return n + sum( n − 1 );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 326 :
Program to find nth power of x using Recursion.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int power( int, int );
int main()
{
int x, n, p;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the Base : " );

scanf( "%d", &x );
printf( "Enter the Exponent/Power : " );
scanf( "%d", &n );

p = power( x, n );

printf( "\nPower = %d\n", p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int power( int x, int n )
{
if( n == 0 )
return 1;
else
return x * power( x, n − 1 );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 327 :
Program to find nth term of Fibonacci Series using Recursion.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int fibo( int );
int main()
{
int n, t;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Term Position : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

t = fibo( n );

printf( "\n%dth term of Fibonacci series = %d\n", n, t );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int fibo( int n )
{
if( n == 0 || n == 1 )
return n;
else
return fibo( n − 1 ) + fibo( n − 2 );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 328 :
Program to find nth term of Lucas Series using Recursion.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int lucas( int );
int main()
{
int n, t;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Term Position : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

t = lucas( n );

printf( "\n%dth term of Lucas series is = %d\n", n, t );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int lucas( int n )
{
if( n == 0 || n == 1 || n == 2 )
return 1;
else
return lucas(n − 1) + lucas(n − 2) + lucas(n − 3);
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 329 :
Program to find Length of String using function ( Passing String ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int length( char s[ ] )
{
int i, l = 0;
for( i=0 ; s[ i ] != '\0' ; i++ );

l = i;

return l;
}
int main()
{
int len = 0;
char str[50];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

gets( str );

len = length( str );

printf( "\nLength of the String = %d\n", len );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 330 :
Program to explain Constant Argument to function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void show( const int );
int main()
{
int a = 10;
system( "cls" );

show( a );
printf( "a = %d\n", a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void show( const int b )
{
/* b = 20; */ /* can't be changed. */
printf( "b = %d\n", b );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 331 :
Program to explain Function with Constant Argument.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
const float PI = 3.1415926;
float area( const float r )
{
return ( PI * r * r );
}
int main()
{
float radius, ar;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the radius of a Circle : " );

scanf( "%f", &radius );

ar = area( radius );

printf( "\nThe area of circle is %f\n", ar );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 332 :
Program to Return Multiple Values from Function using Reference.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void AreaCircum( float, float*, float* );
int main()
{
float radius, area, circum;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Radius : " );

scanf( "%f", &radius );

AreaCircum( radius, &area, &circum );

printf( "\nArea of Circle = %f\n", area );

printf( "Circumference of Circle = %f\n", circum );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void AreaCircum( float r, float *par, float *pcir )
{
*par = 3.14 * r * r;
*pcir = 2 * 3.14 * r;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 333 :
Program to Return Multiple Values from Function using call by reference.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
void intfrac( float, float*, float* );

float number, intpart, fracpart;

system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Real Number : " );

scanf( "%f", &number );

intfrac( number, &intpart, &fracpart );

printf( "\nInteger part = %.0f\n", intpart );

printf( "Fraction part = %f\n", fracpart );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void intfrac( float n, float *intp, float *fracp )
{
*intp = (float)( (long)n ) ;
*fracp = n - *intp;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 334 :
Program to explain Nesting of Functions.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void func2();
void func1()
{
printf( "function1-1 \n" );
func2();
printf( "function1-2 \n" );
}
void func2()
{
printf( "function2-1 \n" );
}
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "main-1 \n" );

func1();
printf( "main-2 \n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 335 :
Program to explain Nested function call.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int add( int, int );

int a = 10, b = 15, s;

system( "cls" );

s = add( add(a, b), add(a, b) );

printf( "Result : %d \n", s );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int add( int a, int b )
{
return ( a + b );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 336 :
Program to Find the Number of Permutations without repeatation.
(i.e., nPr = n! / (n−r)!.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int fact( int );
int main()
{
int n, r, p;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Value of n and r : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &n, &r );

p = fact( n ) / fact( n − r );

printf( "\nnPr : %d\n", p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int fact( int a )
{
int i, f=1;
for( i=1 ; i<=a ; i++ )
{
f = f * i;
}
return f;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 337 :
Program to Find the Number of Combinations without repeatation.
(i.e., nCr = n! / ( r! * (n−r)!).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int fact( int );
int main()
{
int n, r, p;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Value of n and r : " );

scanf( "%d %d", &n, &r );

p = fact( n ) / ( fact( r ) * fact( n − r ) );

printf( "\nnCr : %d\n", p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int fact( int a )
{
int i, f=1;
for( i=1 ; i<=a ; i++ )
{
f = f * i;
}
return f;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 338 :
Program to check whether a number can be expressed as sum of two
prime numbers or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, flag=0;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=2 ; i<=n/2 ; i++ )

{
if( (isprime( i ) != 0) && (isprime( n−i ) != 0) )
{
printf( "%2d = %2d + %2d\n", n, i, (n−i) );
flag = 1;
}
}

if( flag == 0 )
printf( "%d can not be expressed as sum of two Prime
Numbers.\n", n );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int isprime( int n )
{
int i, flag=1;
for( i=2 ; i<=n/2 ; i++ )
{
if( n % i == 0 )
flag = 0;
}
return flag;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 339 :
Program to display Pascal Triangle.
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int fact( int );
int main()
{
int n, i, j, k, t;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Rows : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )

{
for( k=0 ; k<(n−i) ; k++ )
{
printf( " " );
}
for( j=0 ; j<=i ; j++ )
{
t = fact( i ) / ( fact( j ) * fact( i – j ) );
printf( " %d", t );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int fact( int n )
{
int i, f;
f = 1;
for( i=1 ; i<=n ; i++ )
{
f *= i;
}
return f;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 340 :
Program to check whether the given two strings are Anagram Strings or
Not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void sort_string( char s1[ ] );
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "silent";
char s2[25] = "listen";
int i, j, l;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Original String-1 : %s\n", s1 );

printf( "Original String-2 : %s\n", s2 );

sort_string( s1 );
sort_string( s2 );

if( strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 )

printf( "\nStrings are Anagram strings.\n" );
else
printf( "\nStrings are not Anagram strings.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void sort_string( char s1[ ] )
{
int i, j, len;
char ch;
len = strlen( s1 );
for( i=0 ; i<len−1 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<len−1−i ; j++ )
{
if( s1[ j ] > s1[ j+1] )
{
ch = s1[ j ];
s1[ j ] = s1[ j+1];
s1[ j+1] = ch;
}
}
}
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 341 :
Program to check whether the given two strings are Anagram Strings or
Not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int is_anagram( char s1[ ], char s2[ ] );
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "silent";
char s2[25] = "listen";
int i, j, l;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Original String-1 : %s\n", s1 );

printf( "Original String-2 : %s\n", s2 );

if( is_anagram(s1, s2) )

printf( "\nStrings are Anagram strings.\n" );
else
printf( "\nStrings are not Anagram strings.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int is_anagram( char s1[ ], char s2[ ] )
{
char chars1[256] = {0}, chars2[256] = {0};
int i;
for( i=0 ; s1[ i ] && s2[ i ] ; i++ )
{
chars1[ i ]++;
chars2[ i ]++;
}
if( s1[ i ] || s2[ i ] )
return 0;
for( i=0 ; i<256 ; i++ )
{
if( chars1[ i ] != chars2[ i ] )
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 342 :

Program to explain Linear Search using Function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int Lsearch( int ar[ ], int size, int item );
int main()
{
int ar[50], item, n, index, i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Desired Array Size(max. 50) : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

printf( "Enter Array Elements : " );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
{
scanf( "%d", &ar[ i ] );
}
printf( "Enter Element to be searched for : " );
scanf( "%d", &item );

index = Lsearch( ar, n, item );

if( index == −1 )
printf( "\nSorry!! Element not found.\n" );
else
{
printf( "\nElement found at index : %d", index );
printf( ", Position : %d\n", ( index + 1 ) );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
int Lsearch( int ar[ ], int size, int item )
{
int i;

for( i=0 ; i<size ; i++ )

{
if( item == ar[ i ] )
return i;
}
return −1;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 343 :
Write a program to SORT a given element of an array in Ascending order
using Bubble Sort?
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void bubble_sort( int*, int );
int main()
{
int a[5] = { 30, 50, 40, 20, 10 };
int i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Before Sorting : " );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ] );
}

bubble_sort( a, 5 );

printf( "\nAfter Sorting : " );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void bubble_sort( int *p, int n )
{
int i, j, t;
for( i=0 ; i<n−1 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<n−i−1 ; j++ )
{
if( *(p+j) > *(p+j+1) ) /* if( p[ j ] > p[ j+1] ) */
{
t = *(p+j); /* t = p[ j ]; */
*(p+j) = *(p+j+1); /* p[ j ] = p[ j+1]; */
*(p+j+1) = t; /* p[ j+1] = t; */
}
}
}
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 344 :
Program to Merge Two Array using Function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void Merge( int [ ], int, int[ ], int, int[ ] );
int main()
{
int A[50], B[50], C[100], MN = 0, M, N, i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of Elements in First Array : " );

scanf( "%d", &M );
printf( "Enter First Array elements [ASCENDING]: " );
for( i=0 ; i<M ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &A[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nEnter Number of Elements in Second Array : " );

scanf( "%d", &N );
printf( "Enter Second Array elements [ASCENDING]: " );
for( i=0 ; i<N ; i++ )
{
scanf( "%d", &B[ i ] );
}

MN = M + N;

Merge( A, M, B, N, C );

printf( "\nThe Sorted Array After Merging = \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<MN ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", C[ i ] );
}
printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void Merge( int A[ ], int M, int B[ ], int N, int C[ ] )
{
int a, b, c;
for( a=0, b=0, c=0 ; a<M && b<N ; )
{
if( A[a] < B[b] )
C[c++] = A[a++];
else
C[c++] = B[b++];
}
if( a < M )
{
while( a < M )
C[c++] = A[a++];
}
else
{
while( b < N )
C[c++] = B[b++];
}
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 345 :
Program to explain Local Variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void localVar();
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
int x = 10;

printf( "x in main() : %d\n", x );

for( int i=1 ; i<=3 ; i++ )
{
localVar();
}
printf( "x in main() : %d\n", x );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void localVar()
{
int x = 20;
printf( "x in localVar() : %d\n", x );
x++;
printf( "x in localVar() : %d\n", x );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 346 :
Program to explain Global Variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void globalVar();
int x = 10;
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "x in main() : %d\n", x );

x++;
for( int i=1 ; i<=3 ; i++ )
{
globalVar();
}
x++;
printf( "x in main() : %d\n", x );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void globalVar()
{
x++;
printf( "x in globalVar() : %d\n", x );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 347 :
Program to explain Static Variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void staticVar();
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
int x = 10;

printf( "x in main() : %d\n", x );

for( int i=1 ; i<=3 ; i++ )
{
staticVar();
}
printf( "x in main() : %d\n", x );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void staticVar()
{
static int x = 20;
printf( "x in staticVar() : %d\n", x );
x++;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 348 :
Program to explain Local variables.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
int a = 10, i;
printf( "%d ", a );
{
int a = 200;
for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
printf( "%d ", a );
}
}
printf( "%d\n", a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 349 :
Program to input multiptle numbers and find average after each input.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
float avg( float );
int main()
{
float val = 1, av, i;
system( "cls" );

while( val != 0 )
{
printf( "Enter a Value ( 0 to exit) : " );
scanf( "%f", &val );

if( val == 0 )
break;

av = avg( val );

CHAPTER − 11
Structure, Union & Enum
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 352 :
Program to explain Simple Structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
/* Global Structure */
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
int main()
{
struct Distance d1;
system( "cls" );

d1.feet = 12;
d1.inches = 9.5;

printf( "Feet : %d\n", d1.feet );

printf( "Inches : %f\n", d1.inches );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 353 :
Program to input Structure elements.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
int main()
{
struct Distance d1;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter feet : " );

scanf( "%d", &d1.feet );
printf( "Enter inches : " );
scanf( "%f", &d1.inches );

printf( "\nFeet : %d\n", d1.feet );

printf( "Inches : %f\n", d1.inches );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 354 :
Program to explain Global Structure with Global and Local structure
variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
/* Global Structure */
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
struct Distance d1; /* Global variable */
int main()
{
struct Distance d2; /* Local variable */
system( "cls" );

d1.feet = 12;
d1.inches = 9.5;

d2.feet = 15;
d2.inches = 3.5;

printf( "%d\'-%f\" \n", d1.feet, d1.inches );

printf( "%d\'-%f\" \n", d2.feet, d2.inches );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 355 :
Program to explain Local Structure with Local structure variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
/* Local Structure */
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
}d1;

struct Distance d2; /* Local variable */

system( "cls" );

d1.feet = 12;
d1.inches = 9.5;

d2.feet = 15;
d2.inches = 3.5;

printf( "%d\'-%f\" \n", d1.feet, d1.inches );

printf( "%d\'-%f\" \n", d2.feet, d2.inches );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 356 :
Program to use Multiple Structure Variables.
Code :
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
int main()
{
struct Distance d1, d2;
system( "cls" );

d1.feet = 12;
d1.inches = 9.5;

/* Reading Distance from Keyboard. */

printf( "Enter feet : " );
scanf( "%d", &d2.feet );
printf( "Enter inches : " );
scanf( "%f", &d2.inches );

printf( "%d\'-%f\" \n", d1.feet, d1.inches );

printf( "%d\'-%f\" \n", d2.feet, d2.inches );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 357 :
Program to Initialize Structure Variable and expain Structure Assignment.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
int main()
{
struct Distance d1 = { 15, 6.5 };
struct Distance d2, d3;
system( "cls" );

/* Element-wise Assignment. */

d2.feet = d1.feet;
d2.inches = d1.inches;

/* Structure Variable Assignment. */

d3 = d1;

printf( "d1 = %d\'-%f\" \n", d1.feet, d1.inches );

printf( "d2 = %d\'-%f\" \n", d2.feet, d2.inches );
printf( "d3 = %d\'-%f\" \n", d3.feet, d3.inches );

****

Program No. - 370 :
Program to assign a structure variable to another structure variable.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct rectangle
{
int l, b;
};
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct rectangle r1 = { 20, 10 };
struct rectangle r2;

r2 = r1;

printf( "length = %d\n", r2.l );

printf( "breadth = %d\n", r2.b );

system( "pause" );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 371 :
Program to Add Two Structure Variables.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
int main()
{
struct Distance d1, d3;
struct Distance d2 = { 12, 6.5 };
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter feet : " );

scanf( "%d", &d1.feet );
printf( "Enter inches : " );
scanf( "%f", &d1.inches );

d3.feet = d1.feet + d2.feet;

d3.inches = d1.inches + d2.inches;
if( d3.inches >= 12.0 )
{
d3.inches −= 12.0;
d3.feet++;
}

printf( "\n%d\'-%.2f\"", d1.feet, d1.inches );

printf( " + %d\'-%.2f\"", d2.feet, d2.inches );
printf( " = %d\'-%.2f\" \n", d3.feet, d3.inches );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 372 :
Program to explain Array of Structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
int main()
{
struct Distance d[5];
int i;
system( "cls" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter Feet & Inches : " );
scanf( "%d %f", &d[ i ].feet, &d[ i ].inches );
}

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )

{
printf( "%d\'-%f\" \n", d[ i ].feet, d[ i ].inches );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 373 :
Program to explain Array within Structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Student
{
int rno;
char name[25];
float marks[5];
};
int main()
{
int i;
struct Student s;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Roll Number : " );

scanf( "%d", &s.rno );
printf( "Enter Name : " );
fflush( stdin );
gets( s.name );
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( "Enter Marks-%d : ", ( i+1 ) );
scanf( "%f", &s.marks[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nRoll Number : %d\n", s.rno );
printf( "Name : %s\n", s.name );
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( "Marks-%d : %f\n", (i+1), s.marks[ i ] );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 374 :
Program to explain the concept of Array within Structure & Array of
Structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Student
{
int rno;
char name[25];
float marks[5];
};
int main()
{
struct Student s[10];
int i, j, n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Number of student : " );

scanf( "%d", &n );

for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter Roll Number : " );
scanf( "%d", &s[ i ].rno );
fflush( stdin );
printf( "Enter Name : " );
gets( s[ i ].name );
for( j=0 ; j<5 ; j++ )
{
printf( "Enter marks-%d : ", (j+1) );
scanf( "%f", &s[ i ].marks[ j ] );
}
}
printf( "\n%5s %−15s %7s %7s %7s %7s %7s", "R.No.", "Name", "M-
1", "M-2", "M-3", "M-4", "M-5" );
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( "\n%−5d", s[ i ].rno );
printf( " %−15s", s[ i ].name );
for( j=0 ; j<5 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %7.2f", s[ i ].marks[ j ] );
}
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 375 :
Program to pass a structure variable to function as pass by value.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct rectangle
{
int l, b;
};
void show( struct rectangle );
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct rectangle r1 = { 20, 10 };

show( r1 );

system( "pause" );
}
void show( struct rectangle r )
{
printf( "length = %d\n", r.l );
printf( "breadth = %d\n", r.b );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 376 :
Program to pass a structure variable to function as pass by address/pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct rectangle
{
int l, b;
};
void show( struct rectangle* );
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct rectangle r1 = { 20, 10 };

show( &r1 );

system( "pause" );
}
void show( struct rectangle *p )
{
printf( "length = %d\n", p−>l );
printf( "breadth = %d\n", p−>b );
}

Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 377 :
Program to pass a structure variable to function as pass by address/pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct rectangle
{
int l, b;
};
void show( struct rectangle* );
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct rectangle r1 = { 20, 10 };

show( &r1 );

system( "pause" );
}
void show( struct rectangle *p )
{
printf( "length = %d\n", (*p).l );
printf( "breadth = %d\n", (*p).b );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 378 :
Program to initialize structure variable using function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct rectangle
{
int l, b;
};
void init( struct rectangle* );
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct rectangle r1;

init( &r1 );

printf( "length = %d\n", r1.l );

printf( "breadth = %d\n", r1.b );

system( "pause" );
}
void init( struct rectangle *p )
{
p−>l = 10;
p−>b = 5;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 379 :
Program to input structure variable using function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct rectangle
{
int l, b;
};
void init( struct rectangle* );
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct rectangle r1;

init( &r1 );

printf( "length = %d\n", r1.l );

printf( "breadth = %d\n", r1.b );
system( "pause" );
}
void init( struct rectangle *p )
{
printf( "Enter length & breadth : " );
scanf( "%d %d", &p−>l, &p−>b );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 380 :
Program to pass Structure Variable to Function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
void display( struct Distance d )
{
printf( "Distance = %d\'-%f\" \n", d.feet, d.inches );
}
int main()
{
struct Distance d1;
struct Distance d2;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter feet and inches : " );

scanf( "%d %f", &d1.feet, &d1.inches );

// Structure Variable Assignment.

d2 = d1;

display( d1 );
display( d2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 381 :
Program to Pass Structure Variable to Function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
void display( struct Distance d )
{
printf( "Distance = %d\'-%f\" \n", d.feet, d.inches );
}
void add_dist( struct Distance, struct Distance );
int main()
{
struct Distance d1;
struct Distance d2;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter feet and inches : " );

scanf( "%d %f", &d1.feet, &d1.inches );

printf( "Enter feet and inches : " );

scanf( "%d %f", &d2.feet, &d2.inches );

display( d1 );
display( d2 );

add_dist( d1, d2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void add_dist( struct Distance dd1, struct Distance dd2 )
{
struct Distance dd3;
dd3.feet = dd1.feet + dd2.feet;
dd3.inches = dd1.inches + dd2.inches;
if( dd3.inches >= 12.0 )
{
dd3.inches −= 12.0;
dd3.feet++;
}
display( dd3 );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 382 :
Program to Return Structure Variable from Function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
void display( struct Distance d )
{
printf( "Distance = %d\'-%f\" \n", d.feet, d.inches );
}
struct Distanceadd_dist( struct Distance, struct Distance );
int main()
{
struct Distance d1, d2, d3;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter feet and inches : " );

scanf( "%d %f", &d1.feet, &d1.inches );

printf( "Enter feet and inches : " );

scanf( "%d %f", &d2.feet, &d2.inches );

display( d1 );
display( d2 );

d3 = add_dist( d1, d2 );

display( d3 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
struct Distanceadd_dist( struct Distance dd1, struct Distance dd2 )
{
struct Distance dd3;
dd3.feet = dd1.feet + dd2.feet;
dd3.inches = dd1.inches + dd2.inches;
if( dd3.inches >= 12.0 )
{
dd3.inches −= 12.0;
dd3.feet++;
}
return dd3;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 383 :
Program to explain Nested Structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
struct Room
{
struct Distance length;
struct Distance width;
};
int main()
{
float l, w, a;
struct Room drawing = { { 15, 6.0 }, { 12, 9.0 } };
system( "cls" );

l = drawing.length.feet + drawing.length.inches / 12.0;

w = drawing.width.feet + drawing.width.inches / 12.0;

a = l * w;

printf( "Area of Drawing Room = %.2f square feet.\n", a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 384 :
Program to explain the concept of Nested Structure ( Structure within
Structure ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Room
{
struct Dist
{
int feet;
float inches;
}l, b;
};

int main()
{
struct Room dr;
float l1, b1, a;
system( "cls" );

dr.l.feet = 15;
dr.l.inches = 6.0;
dr.b.feet = 12;
dr.b.inches = 9.0;

l1 = dr.l.feet + ( dr.l.inches / 12.0 );

b1 = dr.b.feet + ( dr.b.inches / 12.0 );

a = l1 * b1;

printf( "Area of Drawing Room = %.3f sq. ft.\n", a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 385 :
Program to create Book Structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Book
{
char name[25];
char author[20];
float price;
};
int main()
{
struct Book b;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter the Name of Book : " );

gets( b.name );
printf( "Enter the Author's Name : " );
gets( b.author );
printf( "Enter the Price of the book : " );
scanf( "%f", &b.price );

printf( "\nName of the Book : %s\n", b.name );

printf( "Author of the Book : %s\n", b.author );
printf( "Price of the Book : %f\n", b.price );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 386 :
Program to explain String within Structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Book
{
char name[25];
int page;
int price;
};
int main()
{
int i;
struct Book b1[3];
system( "cls" );
for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
printf( "Enter Name of Book : " );
fflush( stdin );
gets( b1[ i ].name );
printf( "Enter Number of Pages : " );
scanf( "%d", &b1[ i ].page );
printf( "Enter Price of Book : " );
scanf( "%d", &b1[ i ].price );
}

for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )

{
printf( "\nName of Book = %s\n", b1[ i ].name );
printf( "Number of Page = %d\n", b1[ i ].page );
printf( "Price of Book = %d\n", b1[ i ].price );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 387 :
Program to Pass Structure Variable to Function by Reference / Address /
Pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};
void scale( struct Distance*, float );
void display( struct Distance );
int main()
{
struct Distance d1 = { 12, 6.0 };
struct Distance d2 = { 10, 6.0 };
system( "cls" );

printf( "Dist1 = " );

display( d1 );

printf( "Dist2 = " );

display( d2 );

scale( &d1, 0.5 );

scale( &d2, 0.25 );

printf( "\nDist1 = " );

display( d1 );
printf( "Dist2 = " );
display( d2 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void scale( struct Distance *p, float factor )
{
float inches = ( p−>feet * 12 + p−>inches ) * factor;
p−>feet = inches / 12;
p−>inches = inches − ( p−>feet * 12 );
}
void display( struct Distance dd )
{
printf( "%d\'-%.2f\"\n", dd.feet, dd.inches );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 388 :
Program to explain bit-field with structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
/* bit field*/
struct test
{
unsigned int a : 4;
unsigned int b : 4;
unsigned int c : 10;
} t1;
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct test t2;

t1.a = 5;
t1.b = 10;
t1.c = 200;

printf( "t1.a = %d\n", t1.a );

printf( "t1.b = %d\n", t1.b );
printf( "t1.c = %d\n", t1.c );
printf( "sizeof(t1) = %d\n", sizeof(t1) );

system( "pause" );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 389 :
Program to explain Enum.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
enum days_of_week { SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT };
int main()
{
enum days_of_week day1, day2;
int diff;
system( "cls" );

day1 = MON;
day2 = THU;

diff = day2 − day1;

printf( "Days between day1 & day2 = %d\n", diff );

if( day1 < day2 )

printf( "Day1 comes before Day2.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 390 :
Program to show an Enumeration type ( enum ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
enum Colors { Red, Green, Blue };
int main()
{
enum Colors c1, c2;
int d;
system( "cls" );

c1 = Red;
c2 = Green;

d = c2 − c1;
printf( "Difference = %d\n", d );

if( c1 < c2 )
printf( "RED comes before GREEN.\n" );
else
printf( "GREEN comes before RED.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 391 :
Program to show an Enumeration type ( enum ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
enum Colors { Red=10, Green, Blue };
int main()
{
enum Colors c1, c2;
int d;
system( "cls" );

c1 = Red;
c2 = Blue;

printf( "c1 = %d\n", c1 );

printf( "c2 = %d\n", c2 );

d = c2 − c1;
printf( "Difference = %d\n", d );

if( c1 < c2 )
printf( "RED comes before GREEN.\n" );
else
printf( "GREEN comes before RED.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 392 :
Program to show an Enumeration type ( enum ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
enum Colors { Red=10, Green=20, Blue=30 };
int main()
{
enum Colors c1, c2;
int d;
system( "cls" );

c1 = Red;
c2 = Blue;

printf( "c1 = %d\n", c1 );

printf( "c2 = %d\n", c2 );

d = c2 − c1;
printf( "Difference = %d\n", d );

if( c1 < c2 )
printf( "RED comes before GREEN.\n" );
else
printf( "GREEN comes before RED.\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 393 :
Program to explain Union.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
union Abc
{
char c;
int i;
float f;
};
int main()
{
union Abc x;
system( "cls" );

x.c = 'A';
printf( "x.c = %c\n", x.c );
x.i = 100;
printf( "x.i = %d\n", x.i );
x.f = 123.45;
printf( "x.f = %f\n", x.f );

system( "pause" );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 394 :
Program to differentiate Structure and Union.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
union ABC
{
char a;
int b;
float c;
};
struct XYZ
{
char x;
int y;
float z;
};
int main()
{
union ABC p;
struct XYZ q;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Size of Structure : %d\n", sizeof( struct XYZ ) );

q.x = 'A';
q.y = 100;
q.z = 12.345;
printf( "q.x = %c\nq.y = %d\nq.z = %f\n", q.x, q.y, q.z );

printf( "\nSize of Union : %d\n", sizeof( union ABC ) );

p.a = 'C';
printf( "p.a : %c\n", p.a );
p.b = 100;
printf( "p.b : %d\n", p.b );
p.c = 12.345;
printf( "p.c : %f\n", p.c );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 395 :
Program to explain the use of pointer to structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct date
{
int dd, mm, yy;
}dt = { 5, 4, 2022 };

struct date *ptr;

system( "cls" );

ptr = &dt;

printf( "Using Structure Variable :\n" );

printf( "dd = %d, mm = %d, yy = %d\n", dt.dd, dt.mm, dt.yy );

printf( "\nUsing Structure Pointer :\n" );

printf( "dd = %d, mm = %d, yy = %d\n", ptr−>dd, ptr−>mm, ptr−>yy );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 396 :
Program to explain Nested Structure by employee structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct address
{
char phone[15] ;
char city[25] ;
long pin ;
};
struct emp
{
char name[25] ;
struct addressadr ;
};
int main()
{
struct emp e = { "Harsh", "099999888888", "Bhilai", 490006 };
system( "cls" ) ;

printf( "Name = %s \nPhone = %s\n", e.name, e.adr.phone ) ;

printf( "City = %s \nPin = %ld\n", e.adr.city, e.adr.pin ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 397 :
Program to explain the concept of Passing Structure by Reference to
function by Book Structure example.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct book
{
char name[25] ;
char author[25] ;
float price;
};
void display( struct book *b );
int main()
{
struct book b1 = { "C Programming", "Atul", 500.00 } ;
system( "cls" );

display ( &b1 ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void display( struct book *b )
{
printf( "Book Name: %s\n", b−>name );
printf( "Author : %s\n", b−>author );
printf( "Price : %.2f\n", b−>price ) ;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 398 :
Program to explain the use of user-defined Type Declaration ( typedef ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct book
{
char name[25];
char author[25];
float price;
};
typedef struct book BOOK;
void display( BOOK *b );
int main()
{
BOOK b1 = { "C Programming", "Atul", 500.00 } ;
system( "cls" );

display( &b1 ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void display( BOOK *b )
{
printf( "Book Name: %s\n", b−>name );
printf( "Author : %s\n", b−>author );
printf( "Price : %.2f\n", b−>price ) ;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
CHAPTER − 12
Pointers
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 399 :
Program to explain simple use of Pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int * p;
system( "cls" );

p = &a;

printf( "a = %d\n", a );

printf( "&a = %u\n", &a );
printf( "p = %u\n", p );
printf( "*p = %d\n", *p );
printf( "&p = %u\n", &p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 400 :
Program to explain that a pointer can point differnt variable at different
point of time.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
int * p;
system( "cls" );

p = &a;
printf( "*p = %d\n", *p );

p = &b;
printf( "*p = %d\n", *p );

p = &c;
printf( "*p = %d\n", *p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 401 :
Program to explain that a pointer can point differnt variable at different
point of time.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int *p1, *p2, *p3;
system( "cls" );

p1 = &a;
p2 = &a;
p3 = &a;

printf( "p1 = %d\n", p1 );

printf( "*p2 = %d\n", *p2 );
printf( "*p3 = %d\n", *p3 );

*p2 = 50;

printf( "p1 = %d\n", p1 );

printf( "*p2 = %d\n", *p2 );
printf( "*p3 = %d\n", *p3 );

p3 = p1 + *p2;

printf( "p1 = %d\n", p1 );

printf( "*p2 = %d\n", *p2 );
printf( "*p3 = %d\n", *p3 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 402 :
Program to explain new format spacifier %p for address of variable, i.e.
pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int *ptr = &a;
system( "cls" );

printf( "a : %d\n", *ptr );

printf( "&a : %p\n", ptr );
printf( "&a : %u\n", ptr );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 403 :
Program to calculate Volume of cylinder by using pointer.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float r, h, v;
float *pr, *ph, *pv;
const float PI = 3.14;
system( "cls" );

pr = &r;
ph = &h;
pv = &v;

printf( "Enter Radius & Height : " );

scanf( "%f %f", pr, ph );

pv = PI (pr) (pr) (*ph);

printf( "\nVolume of Cylinder = %f\n", *pv );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 404 :
Program to explain array of pointers.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
int *p[3], *t;
int i;
system( "cls" );

p[0] = &a;
p[1] = &b;
p[2] = &c;

printf( "Values are : " );

for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *p[ i ] );
}

t = p[0];
p[0] = p[2];
p[2] = t;

printf( "\nValues are : " );

for( i=0 ; i<3 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *p[ i ] );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 405 :
Program to explain array and pointers.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[ ] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
int *p;
int i;
system( "cls" );

p = &a[0]; /* p = a; */

printf( "Array Elements are (a[i]) :" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", a[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nArray Elements are (i[a]) :" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", i[a] );
}

printf( "\nArray Elements are (*(a+i)):" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( a + i ) );
}

printf( "\nArray Elements are (*(p+i)):" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( p + i ) );
}
printf( "\nArray Elements are (p[i]) :" );
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", p[ i ] );
}

printf( "\nArray Elements are (*p++) :" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *p++ );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void display( char *p )
{
int i;
printf( "String : " );
for( i=0 ; *(p+i) != '\0' ; i++ )
{
printf( " %c", *( p + i ) );
}
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 412 :
Program to explain Pointer and 2-D Array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[2][3] = { { 10, 20, 30 },
{ 40, 50, 60 } };
int *p;
int i, j;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Matrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( *( a + i ) + j ) );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

printf( "\nMatrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( a[ i ] + j ) );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

p = &a[0][0];

printf( "\nMatrix-A : \n" );

for( i=0 ; i<2 ; i++ )
{
for( j=0 ; j<3 ; j++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( p + 3 * i + j ) );
}
printf( "\n" );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 413 :

Program to explain Pointer to Function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
void Add( int, int );
void Sub( int, int );
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20;
void (*pf)( int, int );
system( "cls" );
pf = Add;
(*pf)( a, b ); /* Add( a, b ); */

pf = Sub;
(*pf)( a, b ); /* Sub( a, b ); */

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
void Add( int x, int y )
{
int s;
s = x + y;
printf( "Sum = %d\n", s );
}
void Sub( int x, int y )
{
int d;
d = x − y;
printf( "Difference = %d\n", d );
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 414 :
Program to explain Chain of Pointers.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int *p, **pp, ***ppp, ****pppp;
system( "cls" );

p = &a;

printf( "p = %u\n", p );

printf( "*p = %d\n", *p );

pp = &p;

printf( "\npp = %u\n", pp );

printf( "*pp = %u\n", *pp );
printf( "**pp = %d\n", **pp);

ppp = &pp;

printf( "\nppp = %u\n", ppp );

printf( "*ppp = %u\n", *ppp );
printf( "**ppp = %u\n", **ppp );
printf( "***ppp = %d\n", ***ppp );

pppp = &ppp;

printf( "\npppp = %u\n", pppp );

printf( "*pppp = %u\n", *pppp );
printf( "**pppp = %u\n", **pppp );
printf( "***pppp = %u\n", ***pppp );
printf( "****pppp = %d\n", ****pppp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 415 :
Program to explain Pointer to structure.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct rectangle
{
int l, b;
};
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
struct rectangle r1;
struct rectangle *p;

p = &r1;

p−>l = 10;
p−>b = 5;

printf( "length = %d\n", r1.l );

printf( "breadth = %d\n", r1.b );

system( "pause" );
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 416 :
Write a program to SORT a given element of an array in Ascending order
using Bubble Sort?
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = { 30, 50, 40, 20, 10 };
int i, j, t;
int *p;
system( "cls" );

p = a; /* p = &p[0]; */
printf( "Before Sorting :" );
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( p + i ) );
}

for( i=0 ; i<5−1 ; i++ )

{
for( j=0 ; j<5−1−i ; j++ )
{
if( *( p + j ) > *( p + j + 1 ) )
{
t = *( p + j );
*( p + j ) = *( p + j + 1 );
*( p + j + 1 ) = t;
}
}
}

printf( "\n\nAfter Sorting :" );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( p + i ) );
}

printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

CHAPTER – 13
Dynamic Memory Allocation
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 417 :
Program to explain Dynamic Memory Management.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
system( "cls" );

p = ( int* ) malloc( 1 * sizeof( int ) );

*p = 10;

printf( "Value : %d\n", *p );

free( p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 418 :
Program to explain Dynamic Memory Management.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
system( "cls" );

p = ( int* ) calloc( 1, sizeof( int ) );

*p = 10;

printf( "Value : %d\n", *p );

free( p );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 419 :
Program to explain Dynamic Memory Allocation for String.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s1[25] = "Atul Kumar Soni";
int len = strlen( s1 );
char *ps;
system( "cls" );

ps = ( char* ) malloc( ( len + 1 ) * sizeof( char ) );

strcpy( ps, s1 );

printf( "ps = %s\n", ps );

free( ps );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 420 :
Program to explain Dynamic Memory Management for Array.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
int i;
system( "cls" );

p = ( int* ) malloc( 5 * sizeof( int ) );

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter Value : " );
scanf( "%d", ( p + i ) );
}

printf( "\nValues are : " );

realloc( p, n * sizeof( int ) );

if( !p )
{
printf( "\nUnable to allocate size.\n" );
exit( 1 );
}

for( i=x ; i<n ; i++ )

{
printf( "Enter Additional Value : " );
scanf( "%d", ( p + i ) );
}

printf( "\nValues are : " );

s = 0;
for( i=0 ; i<n ; i++ )
{
printf( " %d", *( p + i ) );
s = s + *( p + i );
}
printf( "\nSum of elements = %d\n", s );
}

free( p );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
CHAPTER − 14
Preprocessors
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 424 :
Program to explain Simple Macro Substitution( #define ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#define PI 3.14159
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
printf( "Value of PI : %f\n", PI );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 425 :
Program to explain Simple Macro Substitution( #define ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#define PI 3.14159
int main()
{
float r, a;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Radius : " );

scanf( "%f", &r );

a = PI * r * r;

printf( "Area of Circle : %f\n", a );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 426 :
Program to use Macro Substitution with Arguments.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?a:b)
int main()
{
int x, y;
system( "cls" );

Program No. - 431 :
Program to include user-defined Header file using Absolute Path.
Code [ d:\myfile.h ] :
int square( int n )
{
int r;
r = n * n;
return r;
}
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include "d:\myfile.h" // absolute path
int main()
{
int s, n = 10;
system( "cls" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 439 :
Program to use Compiler Control Directives ( #if ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 1
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20;
system( "cls" );

#if MAX == 1
printf( "Maximum = %d\n", (a>b?a:b) );
#else
printf( "Minimum = %d\n", (a<b?a:b) );
#endif

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 440 :
Program to use #line Preprocessor & __LINE__, __DATE__, __TIME__.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );
#line 101
printf( "Line No.: %d\n", __LINE__ );

#line 201
printf( "Line No.: %d\n", __LINE__ );
printf( "Current Date: %s\n", __DATE__ );
printf( "Current Time: %s\n", __TIME__ );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 441 :
Program to use Macro Continuation Operator (\) and Stringizing
Operator (#).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#define message(a, b) \
printf( "Learn " #a " and " #b "\n")
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

message( C, C++ );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 442 :
Program to use Stringizing( # ) Operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#define MKSTR(x) #x
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "\n%s\n", MKSTR(Atul Kumar Soni) );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 443 :
Program to use Token Pasting( ## ) Operator.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#define concat(a,b) a##b
int main()
{
int xy = 100;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Value : %d\n", concat(x, y) );

****

Program No. - 447 :
Program to use calculation inside the printf() statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int length, width, height;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter length : " );

scanf( "%d", &length );

printf( "Enter width : " );

scanf( "%d", &width );

printf( "Enter height : " );

scanf( "%d", &height );

printf( "\nVolume = %d\n", ( length * width * height ) );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 448 :
Program to use integer literal inside printf() statement.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "Integer Literal = %d\n", 100 );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

Program No. - 453 :
Program to use escape sequences ( backslash characters ).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "Red\nGreen\nBlue\n" );
printf( "Red\tGreen\tBlue\n" );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 454 :
Program to input single word string using scanf().
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[25];
system( "cls" );

Program No. - 457 :
Program to using getchar() and putchar() to input and display a single
character.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
system( "cls" );

ch = getchar();
putchar( ch );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 458 :
Program to input multiple integer using scanf().
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two Numbers : " );

c = scanf( "%d%d", &a, &b );

printf( "\nNumber of Inputs = %d\n", c );

printf( "a = %d\nb = %d\n", a, b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 459 :
Program to input a integer in hexadecimal format using scanf().
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a Hex Number : " );

scanf( "%x", &n );

printf( "\nDecimal Equivalent = %d\n", n );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 460 :
Program to input and display different types of integer values.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int u;
long l;
short int s;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter an Unsigned : " );

scanf( "%u", &u );

printf( "Enter a Long : " );

scanf( "%ld", &l );

printf( "Enter a Short : " );

scanf( "%hd", &s );

printf( "\nUnsigned Number = %u\n", u );

printf( "Long Number = %ld\n", l );
printf( "Short Number = %hd\n", s );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 461 :
Program to input two three digits integer values using scanf().
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter Two 3-digit Numbers : ");

scanf( "%3d %3d", &a, &b );

printf( "\na = %d\n", a );

printf( "b = %d\n", b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 462 :
Program to input multiple word string using gets().
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[25];
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter String : " );

gets( str );

printf( "\nString = %s\n", str );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 463 :
Program to use gets() function in different way.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[25], *p;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Enter a String : " );

p = gets( str );

if( p ) /* if not null */

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 469 :
Program to use printf() for integer formatting.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 123;
long b = 987654;
system( "cls" );

printf( "|%7d|\n", a );
printf( "|%−7d|\n", a );
printf( "|%07d|\n", a );
printf( "|%2d|\n", a );

printf( "\n|%10ld|\n", b );
printf( "|%−10ld|\n", b );
printf( "|%010ld|\n", b );
printf( "|%3ld|\n", b );

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 470 :
Program to use printf() for integer formatting.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
system( "cls" );

printf( "%4d\n", 1 );
printf( "%4d\n", 12 );
printf( "%4d\n", 123 );
printf( "%4d\n", 1234 );
printf( "%4d\n\n", 12345 );

printf( "String : " );

ch = getc( fp ); /* ch = fgetc( fp ); */
while( ch != EOF )
{
printf( "%c", ch );
ch = getc( fp ); /* ch = fgetc( fp ); */
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 478 :
Program to write integer values to File using putw() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
int n;
system( "cls" );
fp = fopen( "demo1", "w" );

while( 1 )
{
printf( "Enter Number ( −1 to end ) : " );
scanf( "%d", &n );
if( n == −1 )
break;
putw( n, fp );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 479 :
Program to read integer values from File using getw() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
int n;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "demo1", "r" );

printf( "Numbers are :" );

n = getw( fp );
while( n != EOF )
{
printf( " %d", n );
n = getw( fp );
}

fclose( fp );
printf( "\n" );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 480 :
Program to write string to File using fputs() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char s[50];
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "demo2", "w" );

printf( "Enter String : " );

gets( s );

fputs( s, fp );
fputs( "\n", fp );

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 481 :
Program to read string values from File using fgets() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char s[50];
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "demo2", "r" );

printf( "String = " );

fgets( s, 50, fp );
printf( "%s", s );

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 482 :
Program to write multiple lines of text to File using fputs() function..
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char s[50];
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "demo2", "w" );

printf( "Enter Lines of Text : \n" );

gets( s );

while( strlen( s ) > 0 )

{
fputs( s, fp );
fputs( "\n", fp );
gets( s );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 483 :
Program to read multiple lines of text from file using fgets() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char s[50];
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "demo2", "r" );

printf( "Strings are : \n" );

fgets( s, 50, fp );
while( ! feof( fp ) )
{
printf( "%s", s );
fgets( s, 50, fp );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 484 :
Program to write different types of values to File using fprintf() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
int rno = 101;
char name[50] = "Animesh";
float marks = 92.5;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "test", "w");

fprintf( fp, "%d %s %f\n", rno, name, marks );

printf( "Details saved in file.\n" );

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 485 :

Program to read different types of values from File using fscanf() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "test", "r" );

fscanf( fp, "%d %s %f", &rno, name, &marks );

printf( "Details from file : \n" );

printf( "Roll No. : %d\n", rno );
printf( "Name : %s\n", name );
printf( "Marks : %.2f\n", marks );

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 486 :
Program to use getc() & putc() function with console (stdin & stdout).
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch ;
system( "cls" ) ;

printf( "Enter String( ctrl+z to end ):\n" );

while( ( ch = getc ( stdin ) ) != EOF )
{
putc( ch, stdout ) ;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 487 :
Program to write structure variable to File using fwrite() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "wb" );

printf( "Enter Roll No. : " );

scanf( "%d", &s.rno );
printf( "Enter Name : " );
fflush( stdin );
gets( s.name );
printf( "Enter Marks : " );
scanf( "%f", &s.marks );

fwrite( &s, sizeof( s ), 1, fp );

fclose( fp ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 488 :
Program to read structure variable from File using fread() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "rb" );

fread( &s, sizeof( s ), 1, fp );

printf( "Roll No. : %d\n", s.rno );

printf( "Enter Name : %s\n", s.name );
printf( "Enter Marks : %.2f\n", s.marks );

fclose( fp ) ;
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 489 :
Program to write structure variable to File using fprintf() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "w" );

printf( "Enter Roll No. : " );

scanf( "%d", &s.rno );
printf( "Enter Name : " );
fflush( stdin );
gets( s.name );
printf( "Enter Marks : " );
scanf( "%f", &s.marks );

fprintf( fp, "%d %s %f\n", s.rno, s.name, s.marks );

fclose( fp ) ;

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 490 :
Program to read structure variable from File using fscanf() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "r" );

fscanf( fp, "%d %s %f", &s.rno, s.name, &s.marks );

printf( "Roll No.: %d\n", s.rno );

printf( "Name : %s\n", s.name );
printf( "Marks : %.2f\n", s.marks );

fclose( fp ) ;
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 491 :
Program to write structure variables to File using fprintf() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char another = 'Y';
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "w" ) ;

while( another == 'Y' || another == 'y' )

{
printf( "Enter Roll No, Name & Marks : " );
scanf( "%d %s %f", &s.rno, s.name, &s.marks );

fprintf( fp, "%d %s %f\n", s.rno, s.name, s.marks );

printf( "Add another record (Y/N) : " );

fflush( stdin );

another = getche( );
printf( "\n" );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 492 :
Program to read structure variables from File using fscanf() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "r" );

while( fscanf( fp, "%d %s %f", &s.rno, s.name, &s.marks ) != EOF )

{
printf( "\nRoll No. : %d\n", s.rno );
printf( "Enter Name : %s\n", s.name );
printf( "Enter Marks : %.2f\n", s.marks );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 493 :
Program to write structure variables to File using fwrite() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char another = 'Y';
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "wb" ) ;

while( another == 'Y' || another == 'y' )

{
printf( "Enter Roll No, Name & Marks : " );
scanf( "%d %s %f", &s.rno, s.name, &s.marks );

fwrite( &s, sizeof( s ), 1, fp );

printf( "Add another record (Y/N) : " );

fflush( stdin );
another = getche( );
printf( "\n" );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 494 :
Program to read structure variables from File using fread() function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};
int main( )
{
FILE *fp;
struct student s;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "students", "rb" );

while( fread( &s, sizeof( s ), 1, fp ) == 1 )

{
printf( "\nRoll No.: %d\n", s.rno );
printf( "Name : %s\n", s.name );
printf( "Marks : %.2f\n", s.marks );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 495 :
Program to use Error Handling function fopen().
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
int n;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "demo1", "r" );

if( fp == NULL )
{
printf( "File can not open.\n" );
}
else
{
printf( "File is opened.\n" );
}

fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 496 :
Program to use Error-handling function fopen( ) to check whether the given
file is open or not.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <process.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp ;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "text.txt", "r" ) ;

if ( fp == NULL )
{
puts( "Unable to Open File." ) ;
system( "pause" );
exit( 1 ) ;
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 497 :
Program to use Error-handling functions feof( ) and ferror( ) while reading
data from file.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp ;
char ch ;
system( "cls" ) ;

fp = fopen( "demo", "r" ) ;

while( !feof ( fp ) )
{
ch = fgetc( fp ) ;
if( ferror( fp ) )
{
printf( "Error in Reading File.\n" ) ;
break ;
}
else
printf( "%c", ch ) ;
}
fclose( fp ) ;
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :
______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 498 :
Program to use Random access function fseek( ), ftell( ) and rewind( )
function.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
long n;
system( "cls" );

fp = fopen( "demo", "w" );

printf( "Enter String ( ctrl+z to end ) : " );
ch = getchar();
while( ch != EOF )
{
putc( ch, fp );
ch = getchar();
}
fclose( fp );

fp = fopen( "demo", "r" );

printf( "\nChar - Pos" );

n = 0L;
while( feof( fp ) == 0 )
{
fseek( fp, n, 0 );
printf( "\n%3c - %2d", fgetc( fp ), ftell( fp ) );
n = n + 1L;
}

rewind( fp );
printf( "\nString : " );
ch = fgetc( fp );
while( ch != EOF )
{
printf( "%c", ch );
ch = fgetc( fp );
}

printf( "\n" );
fclose( fp );
system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

****

Program No. - 499 :
Program to show the use of Command-line arguments.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
int main( int argc, char *argv[ ] )
{
int i;
system( "cls" );

printf( "Program Name: %s\n", argv[0] );

for( i=1 ; i<argc ; i++ )

{
printf( "Argument %d : %s\n", i, argv[ i ] );
}

system( "pause" );
return 0;
}
Output :

Command to run on Command Prompt :

______________ **** ______________
Program No. - 500 :
Program to use command line argument to copy the content of source file to
target file.
Code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> /* #include <process.h> */
int main( int argc, char *argv[ ] )
{
FILE *fs, *ft;
char ch;
system( “cls” );

if( argc != 3 )
{
puts( "Improper Number of Arguments." );
exit( 1 );
}

fs = fopen( argv[1], "r" );

if( fs == NULL )
{
puts( "Unable to Open Source File." );
exit( 1 ) ;
}

ft = fopen( argv[2], "w" );

if( ft == NULL )
{
puts( "Unable to Open Target File." );
fclose( fs );
exit( 1 );
}

while( 1 )
{
ch = fgetc( fs );
if( ch == EOF )
break;
else
fputc( ch, ft ) ;
}

fclose( fs ) ;
fclose( ft ) ;

system( “pause” );
return 0;
}
Output :

Command to run on Command Prompt :

Source File (test1.txt) :

Target File (test2.txt) :

______________ **** ______________
______________ **** ______________

We Wish You All The Best ! ! !

______________ **** ______________

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