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1. Find the range of the relation:  3,5 ,  6, 2  ,  0, 4  .
A) 3, 6, 4
B) 5, 2, 0
C) 5, 2, 4
D) 3, 6, 0

2. Find the range of the relation: 1, 2  ,  5, 0 ,  6, 4 .

A) 1, 5, 6
B) 1, 5, 4
C) 2, 0, 6
D) 2, 0, 4

3. Find the domain and range.

 2, 6  ,  2, 4  ,  3, 1 , 1, 3
A) Domain: 2,1,3
Range: 6, 4, 3, 1
B) Domain: 2,1,3
Range: 6, 4, 3, 2, 1,1,3
C) Domain: 2, 1,1,3
Range: 6, 4, 3, 1
D) Domain: 6, 4, 3, 1
Range: 2,1,3

Page 1
4. Find the domain and range of the following relation.

 x, y  | y  12 x  9
A) Domain:  x | x  12 ; Range:  y | y  9
B) Domain:  x | x is a real number ; Range:  y | y is a real number
C) Domain:  x | x  0 ; Range:  y | y  0
D) Domain:  x | x  12 ; Range:  y | y  12
E) Domain:  x | x  9 ; Range:  y | y  12

5. Which equation does not represent y as a function of x?

A) 9y = –5
B) –3x = –9y
C) 5x – y = –3
D) –2x2 – 3y = 8
E) 4y2 + 4x = –7

6. A function F is defined by F ( x)  x  1 . Find F (485) .

A) 485
B) 22
C) 485
D) 483
E) 22

7. Evaluate the function below for the given value.

f ( x )  4 x3 + 4 x 2 – 1; x  –4
A) –193
B) –1
C) 319
D) 191
E) 1

Page 2
8. Devin pays $243 in advance on his account at the athletic club. Each time he uses the
club, $6 is deducted from the account. The balance remaining in his account after x visits
to the club can be modeled by the equation B  x   243  6 x . Find the number of times
Devin has been to the club when the account balance is $171.
A) 11
B) 13
C) 14
D) 12
E) None of these

9. Complete the table of values showing five solution points for the equation 3x  y  7 .
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y

A) x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 13 10 7 4 1

B) x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -6 -3 0 3 6

C) x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -13 -10 -7 -4 -1

D) x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 1 4 7 10 13

Page 3
10. Sketch the graph of the linear equation.
x  1

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 4
11. Use point plotting to sketch the graph.
7 x  10 y  30

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 5
12. Sketch the graph of 8 x  10 y  30 .

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 6
13. Find the distance between the points.
 2, 0 ,  3, 3
A) 10  3.16
B) 10
C) 34
D) 34  5.83

14. Find the distance between the two plotted points.

A) 63
B) 12.8
C) 7.3
D) 13.8

15. Find the distance between the points.

(9, 5), (9, –6)

A) 11
B) 1
C) 18
D) –18
E) 0

16. Find the distance between the points  6,5  and  7,5  .
A) 13
B) 23
C) 10
D) 1

Page 7
17. Find the distance between the given points. Round your answer to two decimal places.

(4, 1) and (3, –8)

A) 9.90
B) 4.12
C) 9.06
D) 82.00
E) 3.16

18. A turtle travels at a rate of 0.4 meters per minute.

Find a function expressing the distance traveled by the turtle, d, in terms of minutes
traveled, t.
A) d  t   0.4d
B) d  t   t  0.4
C) d  t   0.4t  1
D) d  t   0.4t

Page 8
19. A turtle travels at a rate of 0.4 meters per minute.
Draw a graph illustrating time versus distance traveled by the turtle.

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 9
20. When a train carrying poisonous gas derails, authorities order all people living within a 5
mile radius to evacuate the area. The derailment location has coordinates (10, 6), and
your location is at (7, –3). How far are you from the derailment? Round your answer to
two decimal places. (Coordinate units are in miles.)
A) 9.49 miles
B) 17.26 miles
C) 11.66 miles
D) 90.00 miles
E) 4.24 miles

21. Find the slope of the line passing through the pair of points.
1,3 ,  5, 4 
A) -6
1
B) 
6
7
C) 
4
D) 6

22. Find the slope of the line passing through the given pair of points.

 –12,9  and  –7, –6

A) 15
1
B) –
3
C) –3
1
D) –
8
E) The slope is undefined.

23. Find the slope of the line passing through the pair of points.
 4, 6 ,  6, 6 
6
A)
5
B) 5
C) 0
D) Undefined

Page 10
24. Find the slope of the line that passes through the two points (9, –15) and (2, 4).
7
A) –
2
7
B) –
19
19
C) –
7
7
D)
19
19
E)
7

25. Find the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line that passes through the given
point and has the indicated slope.

point: (–4, 2) slope: m = 5

A) y = 5x + 2
B) y = 5x – 14
C) y = 5x + 22
D) y = 5x – 4
E) y = 5x – 6

26. Find the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line that passes through the given
point and has the indicated slope.

point: (8, –7) slope: m = is undefined

1
A) y = x – 7
0
B) x = –7
C) y = 8
D) y = –7
E) x = 8

27. Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (–14, 9) and has undefined
slope (slope does not exist).
A) y  –14 x
B) x  9
C) y  9
D) x  –14
E) y  –14 x + 9

Page 11
28. Find the slope and y-intercept of the equation of the line.

y  –2 x – 8
1
A) slope: – ; y-intercept: –8
2
1
B) slope: – ; y-intercept: –2
8
C) slope: –2; y-intercept: –8
D) slope: –8; y-intercept: –2
E) slope: –2; y-intercept: 8

29. Find the slope and y-intercept of the equation of the line.

–2y – 14x = 4
A) slope: 14; y-intercept: 4
B) slope: 4; y-intercept: 14
C) slope: 14; y-intercept: –2
D) slope: –2; y-intercept: –7
E) slope: –7; y-intercept: –2

30. Find the general form of the equation of the line that passes through the points  3, 2 
and  2, 3 .
A) 5 x  y  13
B) x  5 y  17
C) 5 x  y  17
D) x  5 y  13

31. Find the slope-intercept form of the line passing through the points.

(2, –2), (0, 6)

A) y  –4x – 6
B) y  –4x + 6
1 3
C) y  – x –
4 2
1 3
D) y  x +
4 2
E) y  4x – 10

Page 12
32. Find a general form of an equation of the line through the points  7, 2  and  5,1 .
A) 2 x  5 y  31
B) 3 x  2 y  25
C) 2 x  3 y  8
D) 3 x  2 y  20
E) None of these.

33. Find two lines that are parallel.

i. y   x  2
ii. 5 x  5 y  2
iii. 5 y  5 x  2
A) ii and iii
B) i and ii
C) i and iii
D) There are no parallel lines.

34. Find the slope of a line parallel to the line 4 x  2 y  7 .

A) -2
B) 2
1
C)
2
1
D) 
2
E) None of these

35. Marijuana use. Suppose the percent of U.S. high school seniors from 1975 to 2001 who
used marijuana can be modeled by p( x)  26.676  0.198 x percent, where x is the
number of years past 1975. Choose the correct interpretation the slope in this equation as
a rate of change.
A) The percentage of U.S. high school seniors who used marijuana increased at a rate
of 0.198% per year.
B) The percentage of U.S. high school seniors who used marijuana decreased at a rate
of 19.8% per year.
C) The percentage of U.S. high school seniors who used marijuana decreased at a rate
of 0.198% per year.
D) The percentage of U.S. high school seniors who used marijuana increased at a rate
of 19.8% per year.
E) The percentage of U.S. high school seniors who used marijuana decreased at a rate
of 1.98% per year.

Page 13
36. Earnings and gender. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the relation between
the average annual earnings of males and females with various levels of educational
attainment can be modeled by the function F  0.545M  6.767 , where M and F
represent the average annual earnings (in thousands of dollars) of males and females,
respectively. When the average annual earnings for males reach $60,000, what does the
equation predict for the average annual earnings for females?
A) $110,099
B) $32,700
C) $39,467
D) $35,432
E) $29,982

Page 14
37. Identify the graph of the given equation.

y  3x2 – 4
A)

B)

C)

Page 15
D)

E)

Page 16
38. Identify the graph of the function.
f  x   x2  4

A)

B)

C)

D)
E) None of these.

Page 17
39. Identify the graph of the function.
f  x    x2  2

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 18
40. Identify the graph of the given equation.

y  ( x +1)2 – 1
A)

B)

C)

Page 19
D)

E)

Page 20
41. Find the graph of the equation.
2
f  x   x  4  2

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 21
42. Graph the given function.

A)

B)

Page 22
C)

D)

E)

Page 23
 2
43. Graph y    x  2   2 .

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 24
44. Graph of the quadratic equation and list any x-intercepts.
y  x2  2x  5

A) 1   
6, 0 , 1  6, 0 

B) 1   
6, 0 , 1  6, 0 

C) 2   
5, 0 , 2  5, 0 

D) 2   
2, 0 , 2  2,0 

Page 25
45. Graph f  x   x 2  2 x  5 .

A)

B)

C)
D) None of these.

Page 26
46. Graph f  x   x 2  4 x  3 .

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 27
47. Profit. The daily profit from the sale of a product is given by P  19 x – 0.2 x 2 – 96
dollars. What is the maximum possible profit?
A) $ 806
B) $ 1277
C) $ 355
D) $ 48
E) $ 90

48. If the revenue is given by R  320 X  0.04 x 2 , find the value of x that yields the
maximum revenue.
A) 3500
B) 16,000
C) 8000
D) 4000

1 2 13
49. The height, h( x) , of a punted rugby ball is given by h( x)   x  x  2 where x is
64 32
the horizontal distance in feet from the point where the ball is punted. How far,
horizontally, is the ball from the kicker when it is at its highest point?
A) 13 feet
B) 18 feet
C) 28 feet
D) 16 feet
E) 23 feet

Page 28
50. A farmer has 264 feet of fencing and wants to build two identical pens for his prize-
winning pigs. The pens will be arranged as shown. Determine the dimensions of a pen
that will maximize its area.

y
A) 33'  44 '
B) 33'  88'
C) 29 '  68 '
D) 13'  224 '
E) 11'  132 '

51. Find the value of 2 x where x  1 .

A) -2
1
B) 
2
1
C)
2
D) 4
E) 2

Page 29
52. Identify the graph of the function.
f  x  2x

A)

B)

C)

D)

Page 30
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different content
early in the season to give them grass, feed a little lettuce, clipped
fine with scissors, at least once a day. At ten days of age they are
ready to thrive on whole wheat as they will on nothing else. Give
them plenty of bone now, and never let your efforts flag to keep
them growing. When the chicks are fully feathered the many
dangers which constantly beset the lives of the youngsters are
usually safely passed, and, barring all accidents, it is pretty safe to
suppose that they will now pull through.
Nine out of every ten breeders then breathe a sigh of relief, and
settle down to a quiet summer, or leave home. The tenth breeder is
sharper. He not only stays at home, but he redoubles his attentions
to his young flock. He realizes that now is the time when these
future prize winners demand all the care which he can bestow to
keep them growing finely. And he is right. It won’t do to slack up
now. They need a different kind of care. From endeavoring to keep
the breath of life in the little things, he changes his attention to a
system of judicious feeding, calculated to keep them growing rapidly
during the propitious summer weather. Alas, for the chick whom the
cold weather catches half-developed and half-feathered! August,
September and October are the finest growing months in the year,
and those chicks which now have a good start, if properly cared for
and judiciously forced, will be the ones to make a fine showing at
the next winter’s exhibitions. In growing they need plenty of bone
meal and oyster shells, and an occasional supply of fresh meat, if
worms are not plentiful. Do not force them too much, as in
Hamburgs it induces the comb to lop and grow to an undesirable
size. Again let us recommend plenty of pure, cool water, and
vegetable food in quantity. Little attentions are never thrown away,
but will be amply repaid in time in a vigorous, large and healthy
flock of fowls.

PREPARING HAMBURGS FOR EXHIBITION.

 Condition means everything in showing Hamburgs, and without it
many a fine bird comes home from a show minus a prize that could
easily have been won had its owner known how to properly fit it for
exhibition. By “fitting it” we do not refer to the unscrupulous tricks
resorted to by unprincipled scoundrels who mutilate and torture their
birds to bring them within the requirements of the Standard, but to
the legitimate preparation to which it is not only allowable to subject
a bird, but without which it is really a pity to send a good bird to the
show room. We are not going to recommend any practices which
may not be fully known and approved of by any judge, so that any
exhibitor may have no hesitation in following our instructions. For at
least three weeks before the exhibition all varieties of Hamburgs
should be confined in a darkened coop—not too dark, but with just
light enough to enable them to see to eat. We recommend this for
the following reasons:
1. It serves to whiten in an astonishing degree the ear-lobe. We
have often seen a bird which, when placed in the darkened coop,
had ear-lobes discolored by exposure to the weather, come out at
the end of three weeks with pure milky-white ear-lobes throughout.
During this confinement the ear-lobes should be washed each day
with sweet milk, applied with a sponge.
2. This confinement is of great value in promoting a rich luster to
the plumage, making each color stand out distinctly, and giving the
feathers that glossy appearance so much desired. This matter of
plumage is one of primary importance. In Black Hamburgs the
greenish gloss should be brought out as much as possible, and in
order to do this confinement in darkened quarters is necessary. After
they (the Blacks we are now referring to) have been confined until
about a week previous to the show, they should be taken from the
coop, and their feathers rubbed down daily with a piece of flannel
cloth. Hold the bird firmly on your lap, and pass the cloth lightly
down the back from the neck to the tip of the tail, and keep up this
rubbing steadily for the required time, say fifteen minutes. You will
be surprised to see the magnificent gloss brought out upon birds
that before were even slightly dull in appearance of plumage. If your
birds have the undesirable purple tinge, this will bring it out more
than you would wish, but if they have the greenish sheen, it will
make them glisten in a manner to delight your eyes.
The Whites are much improved likewise by this confinement, as it
gives the plumage a clear milky-white color, and it loses under this
treatment the yellowish cast they have acquired by exposure to the
weather; only, if they are bad in this respect, they should be put in
their darkened quarters at least a month previous to the exhibition.
With Golden-Penciled and Spangled Hamburgs this darkened coop is
of much assistance in bringing out the greenish spangles and
brightening and enriching the ground-color; and with these varieties,
as with the Blacks, we would recommend the gentle rubbing with
coarse flannel.
Silver-Spangled and Penciled birds gain by their darkened quarters
a clear and distinct appearance in their markings, as it makes the
ground-color a beautiful white, furnishing a desirable background for
the colored feathers.
There is no help for a bad comb or a white face. The best way is
never to allow a bird with these defects to see the inside of a show
room. Birds with a tendency to scaly legs should have them rubbed
with Stoddard’s Poultry Ointment, beginning at least two weeks
before the show. If breeders would only attend to this repulsive
appearance of the legs in time, or whenever it makes its
appearance, and treat it as above, these remarks would be
unnecessary. It is an eye-sore in any bird, but particularly disgusting
on the neat, slender legs of the Hamburgs.
In fitting birds for show they should have a wholesome variety of
food, wheat and buckwheat being the staples. A little sunflower
seed, fed at judicious intervals for the six weeks previous to the
show, has a very desirable effect in giving them the gloss and finish
so desirable, and which is always observed in prize birds.
When the time arrives to coop the birds and start them off for the
show, great care should be taken that they are in proper trim. As
each bird is cooped it should be carefully examined to see that there
are no symptoms of disease, or any foul feathers in the plumage.
Then take a sponge and carefully wash the comb, wattles, face and
legs with a mixture of equal parts of sweet oil and alcohol, applying
as little as is possible to procure the desired effect—which is, by the
way, a remarkable brightening of the comb, wattles and face, giving
them a rich, healthy and bright appearance, and imparting to the
legs a beautiful gloss, which brings out their color with good effect.
If these instructions are carefully followed, you will hardly
recognize in the smart, clean-looking bird that graces the exhibition
coop, the soiled and dull appearing fowl you began fitting three
weeks before. It may require a certain amount of time to attend to
these details properly, but will you not feel amply repaid by
beholding the prize card on your coop, and having your brother
fanciers comment upon the fine condition of your birds?

HINTS TO JUDGES.
Very few of the leading and popular judges at our exhibitions are
Hamburg breeders, and realizing this, it should not be difficult to
imagine the chagrin and disappointment of an experienced breeder
of these varieties when he stands by at a show and sees the judge
award the premiums to birds with many and glaring faults, to his
eyes, but which are never noticed by this oracle of the show room,
who makes his figures with a business-like alacrity, strongly savoring
of ignorance to the close observer, and appears thoroughly satisfied
that he is “up to snuff,” when in reality he has been absurdly unjust
in his awards.
There is no breed which needs so careful examination from the
judge as the Hamburg, in each variety, not only on account of the
many points to be considered, but because there is no breed so
subject to the manipulations of unprincipled exhibitors, or where
there is more lynx-eyed vigilance required from the judge to guard
him against the impositions of those pests of the show room—
trimmers.
 The points to which a judge should devote his attention in judging
Hamburgs may be divided into four divisions, namely: 1, head; 2,
plumage; 3, symmetry; 4, condition. Beginning with the first of
these, we find included under this topic—comb, wattles, ear-lobes
and face. There is no point in which Hamburgs are subject to such
extensive manipulation as in the comb, and some of the practices
which have been detected are of the most cruel nature. Cases where
needles and pins have been inserted lengthwise of the comb to keep
it from lapping while the judge is making his rounds, have been of
common occurrence, although we are pleased to note that as more
good and small-sized combs are being bred yearly, this practice
seems to be falling into disuse. These instruments of torture are
usually inserted just before the judges examine the birds, and
withdrawn by means of pinchers immediately after the awards have
been made, so that they are really difficult to discover. Where these
needles are left in the comb, the most intense suffering ensues, and
Mr. Hewitt has drawn a most harrowing picture of the tortures the
poor bird is obliged to undergo. He says: “On the second day, the
comb becomes most intolerably inflamed, and I have seen a fowl in
its agony bend the head down, raise its foot, as with the intention of
relieving the comb by scratching it, stop the movement midway
without touching the comb at all, and then tremble like an aspen-
leaf.” When cases of such barbarity are detected, the exhibitor
should be remorselessly drummed out of the exhibition and the
fraternity. A very common fault in combs is a hollow or depression in
the center; and this is usually treated by cutting a wedge-shaped
piece out of the middle, and stitching the outside portions tightly till
joined and healed. Stitches put in for one purpose or other are often
found, and, we regret to add, are employed far oftener than found.
Small irregularities in shape and points are simply shaved off. Such
mutilations are quickly discerned by a practiced eye in the smooth
appearance of the comb when it has been cut, but as frequently this
appearance is due to a past accident, judges should not act hastily
upon suspicion.
 Particular attention should be paid to the “work” or fine points of
the comb; the more numerous they are, the better. Hollows in the
front of the comb, above the beak, are common and objectionable,
and should be severely cut. Pullets should have small and well-
shaped combs. We recommend cutting large combs in pullets, as
they are almost certain to fall over with age.
The face is also subject to painting red when it has a tendency to
white, and this is often discovered by the difference in the shade of
the comb and face, although sometimes the similarity of color is so
perfect as to defy detection. When we suspect painting, a gentle
rubbing usually suffices to prove if our suspicions are correct. This
white in the face is a direct disqualification in Black Hamburgs
according to the American Standard, but as we seldom find a two or
three year old cock without it, we think the Standard should not thus
disqualify old birds, but “cut severely as a defect.” Cockerels with
this white face should be thrown out without remorse.
Ear-lobes are often painted white, and sometimes quite cleverly,
but this is usually so bungling an operation as to be readily detected,
if you examine it carefully. Ear-lobes should be round and small. Cut
large, irregularly-shaped, and above all, pendent ear-lobes. The
bluish tinge often seen on Hamburg ear-lobes should not be cut
except in cases of comparison. We do not like it, but it is often
occasioned by confinement, and is not a direct blemish. Wattles
should be small and well rounded. We recommend cutting a pendent
wattle, such as is proper to the Leghorn varieties.
Our second division treats of plumage, and here again the trimmer
finds a broad field of labor. White feathers in Blacks are pulled out,
but as these usually appear in the wings, if at all, the absence of
flight feathers should be accepted as proof of the previous existence
of white feathers. If there is any tendency at all to white in this
variety, it will usually be found by holding the bird by the legs head
downward, when the fluff feathers under the tail and between the
legs will be found to possess small white tips. We found the first
prize birds at a recent show distinctly tipped with white here, but the
judge had never noticed it. In the case of the spangled varieties,
large quantities of feathers are often extracted from the breast and
back, when they are so numerous that the black spangles run
together.
This trimming out process, which is, of course, done to show the
color between the spangles, is very difficult of detection, and almost
impossible to positively prove. In the penciled varieties the attention
of the trimmer is turned to the tail of the cocks. A finely-penciled tail
is a rarity, and when a fine set of well-marked sickles are obtained
they are sometimes preserved “for future reference” (as it were),
and often figure in several different birds before they are worn out.
As these well-marked sickles often grow on a bird with a poor comb,
the owner usually selects his best marked bird otherwise, extracts
the poor sickles, and inserts the good ones in their place. The
fastening may get loose during the show, and then drop out,
exposing the fraud at once. These false sickles, however, are usually
dull in color, lacking the gloss of healthy feathers, and can be usually
detected by a judge who has his wits about him and is on the alert.
Still, they are sometimes so cleverly doctored as to defy discovery,
unless subjected to such harsh treatment as few judges feel justified
in using upon mere suspicion. A dark, glossy, sharply-edged tail on a
cock with very slight wing-bars should always excite suspicion.
Another frequent practice is dyeing feathers. This is often detected
by the absence of the glossy appearance seen on the remainder of
the plumage. Frequently, however, off-colored feathers will be
plucked out, skillfully colored and glossed, and successfully
reinstated in their places, with little chance of their being discovered.
In spangled and penciled birds, imperfect markings or blotches are
often bleached out with acids, and proper markings given the
feathers with grease-paints, which assimilate with the oily substance
in the feather, and render detection almost impossible. These various
frauds make the task of a conscientious Hamburg judge one of
unusual anxiety and responsibility. We may be blamed for
mentioning these vile practices, but we believe that any evil that
may arise from our furnishing hints to the unscrupulous will be more
than counterbalanced by putting judges on their guard who are
much too apt to pass over these points rapidly and carelessly.
The third division treats of symmetry, and right here let us say
that there is no point in judging Hamburgs so much neglected as
this most important one. We were dismayed to hear a judge, who
was examining birds recently, say: “You are pretty safe to cut a
Hamburg one point for symmetry.” What did he mean? Simply, we
suppose, that he knew so little about this quality that he resolved to
cover his ignorance by refusing to admit any bird to be perfect in
this respect. There are too many judges, alas, who agree with him,
because they know not what symmetry means. We have described
the symmetry of Hamburgs under the heading of the Black variety,
and so need not repeat it. Only let us again warn judges to
discriminate between the undesirable Game shape, and the equally
improper Dorking mould in judging these birds. The Hamburg
symmetry is peculiar to the breed, and cannot be mistaken, and as
fully one-half the birds exhibited incline either to the Game or
Dorking symmetry, the distinct difference in shape should be
understood by every judge, and severely cut if not correct.
Our last division refers to condition, and this, also, is of much
importance in judging Hamburgs. It counts from five to ten points in
making up a perfect bird, and we believe there is not one case out
of ten where dark or dusty plumage, discolored comb or soiled legs
are cut by the judge. Unless the bird has decided symptoms of roup,
or other disease, it is simply passed over. A good judge invariably
makes the point of condition a primary one. It means a fresh, well-
kept condition of the comb and head, a fine, glossy plumage, upright
and active appearance, and clean, shining legs.
There is an indescribable difference between a healthy, active,
well-bred bird and one that, although it may be descended from
pure stock, having correct markings and the like, yet lacks vivacity,
spirit and a general air of aristocracy. If there be one breed of fowls
above others more worthy of being called the “upper-crust of
poultry-dom,” we are inclined to the opinion the breed under our
consideration is that one.
 Now, every man is not fitted to become a good judge of poultry,
even if he go through the regular process, any more than every one
can become an exact musician by undergoing the necessary course
of training. There is an inborn something that distinguishes one
person from another and certain it is that ideas of form, grace and
coloring, above the ordinary, are to be found in the composition of
our best judges.
The question is often asked by officers of agricultural and
horticultural fairs, as well as by those of poultry exhibitions, if it is
not possible to have awards made without producing the hard
feelings and unsatisfactory results generally following. And we
answer, “No!”—as long as no more pains are taken in the selection of
judges on the score of their particular fitness for the position they
are called upon to fill. On their efficiency turn the questions of
success, harmony, and the keeping and securing of the public
confidence and patronage.
We hope we have not been too severe upon judges in this
chapter. A really good judge will see the force of our arguments, and
in the case of the indifferent ones, we trust verbum sapientibus
omnes est.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF THE
HAMBURGS ***

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