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LEC9 Resistor

This document provides an overview of resistors, including their definitions, uses, types, and how to interpret their values using color codes. It explains the principles of resistance, classifications of resistors, common issues, and methods for calculating total resistance in various circuit configurations. Additionally, it includes practical activities for understanding resistor values and testing techniques.

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14 views7 pages

LEC9 Resistor

This document provides an overview of resistors, including their definitions, uses, types, and how to interpret their values using color codes. It explains the principles of resistance, classifications of resistors, common issues, and methods for calculating total resistance in various circuit configurations. Additionally, it includes practical activities for understanding resistor values and testing techniques.

Uploaded by

alfiajope.candelario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Resistors

Upon completion of this learning element, you should be able to:


 Define and explain the uses of resistor in the circuit.
 Identify different types of resistor.
 Interpret and decode resistor value using color code.
 Calculate minimum and maximum values of resistor using the multimeter.
 Test resistor’s value and condition.
 Calculate total resistance in series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits.

THEORIES/ PRINCIPLES

Resistors are one of the most common electronic components. Complex electronic
circuits may comprise many hundreds of individual components. Resistors are essential to
almost every electronic circuits.

A resistor is a device or component that has ability to oppose or limit the flow of current
in the circuit. The current limiting ability of a resistor is depending on its characteristic called
resistance. Resistance is measured in ohms, represented by the Greek symbol Omega (Ω).

Common Use of Resistors:


1. To limit the current in a circuit.
2. To produce a voltage drop when a current pass through it.

Two Basic Ratings of Resistor


1. Resistance – The resistance rating of resistor can be identified by color code or it is written in
numeral in the case or body the resistor.
2. Power – The wattage rating of the resistor will identify its body sizes. The larger the size, the
higher the power or wattage. The smaller the size, the lesser the wattage.

Classification of Resistors:

According to type of material


1. Carbon composition resistor
2. Carbon film
3. Metal film
4. Wire Wound

According to their physical construction


1. Fixed Resistor- its resistance value is permanent, cannot be varied or change
manually
2. Variable Resistor- its resistance value can be changed or varied manually.

Different troubles of resistor


1. Open – This means that the resistor gives a very high or infinite resistance reading, which
will not allow current to flow.
2. Out of tolerance ( Changed in value of resistance )- When the resistor is use in the circuit it
generates heat and changes its resistance value beyond the tolerance, giving a high
resistance reading beyond the color coded value.
3. Noise control (for potentiometer only)- In a volume or tone control, carbon resistor are used,
since this offers smooth change in resistance. However, when the resistance elements
start wearing out because of the sweeping of the wiper which results to loose contact
of the wiper to the resistance element, the control potentiometer becomes noisy.

Parts of a Resistor
Resistor Reading
Color Digit Multiplier Tolerance
BLACK 0 100 = 1
BROWN 1 101= 10 ±1%
RED 2 102= 100 ±2%
ORANGE 3 103= 1000 ±3%
YELLOW 4 104= 10000 ±4%
GREEN 5 105= 100000
BLUE 6 106= 1000000
VIOLET 7 107= 10000000
GRAY 8 108= 100000000
WHITE 9 109= 1000000000
GOLD 0.1 ±5%
SILVER 0.01 ±10%
NONE ±20%

The small size of the resistor prevents printing the resistance value and tolerance on its case.
Therefore, the color-coded strip system is used to display the resistor value. The meaning of the
colored bands on a resistor is as follows. The first band, closest to the end of the resistor,
represents the first digit of the resistor value. The second band represents the second digit of
the resistor value. The third band represents the number of zeros to be added or multiplier to
the first two digits. The fourth band represents the tolerance of the resistor.

Example:

120 Ω± 5%

Resistor in Series Connection

How to get the total resistance in series?

Formula: Rt= R1 + R2 + R3 + …
Example:

Rt=? Given: R1= 10Ω

R1 R2 R3 R2= 100Ω

R3= 50Ω

Rt= R1 + R2 + R3

= 10 + 100 + 50

= 160Ω

Resistor in Parallel Connection

How to get the total resistance in parallel

Formula: 1

Rt= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + …

Example:

R1 R2 R3 R4

Given: R1= 5Ω R3=20Ω


R2=10Ω R4=100Ω

1
Rt= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4

1
= 1/5 + 1/10 + 1/20 + 1/100

= 2.78Ω

Resistor in Series- Parallel Connection


R2 R5
R4
Example: R3 R6

R1
R7

Rt=?
Given: R1= 2Ω R5= 100Ω
R2= 20Ω R6= 200Ω
R3= 40Ω R7= 1000Ω
R4= 50Ω

In this example, you must compute first the resistors in parallel and then transform all resistors
in series. In this case, you will now easily compute for the resistor by adding all resistance, if all resistors
are already in series.

1 1
RA= 1/R2 + 1/R3 RB= 1/R5 + 1/R6 + 1/R7
1 1
= 1/20 + 1/40 = 1/100 + 1/200 + 1/1000
= 13.33Ω = 62.5Ω

Rt= R1 + RA + R4 + RB
2 + 13.33 + 50 + 62.5
= 127.83Ω

Definition of terms:

Ohms – the unit measure of resistance.


Tolerance- the tolerance of resistor specifies the minimum and maximum allowable that a particular
resistor can deviate or change from its original color code value.
Potentiometer – A resistor that has a continuously adjustable sliding contact which is generally mounted
on a rotating shaft.
Color code – In electronics, the system of using different colors to indicate the resistance value of
resistor and other color-coded component.
Series resistors – Two or more resistors connected to one another end to end.
Parallel resistors – Two or more resistors connected side by side with each other.
Perform the following activities
1.) Answer the following questions
(Write it in a short bond paper)
1. What is meant by resistance of the resistor?
2. By its tolerance, how could you detect that the resistor is defective?
3. What does the power or wattage of the resistor specify?
4. Why is it that the color code is use in determining resistance value of some resistor?
5. Why do we have to adjust the ohmmeter to the higher range when checking the resistor with higher
value?

Give the values of the following resistors whose color codes are as follows.

1. Blue Yellow Brown Gold


2. Green Orange Red Silver
3. Orange White Green Silver
4. Violet Blue Black Gold
5. Gray Red Black Gold

Give the color codes of the following resistor whose values are as follows.

1. 100 Ω ± 10%
2. 2.5 Ω ± 5%
3. 220 KΩ ± 5%
4. 2.3 MΩ ± 10%
5. 470 KΩ ± 5%

2.) Perform Job plate no. 5

Reference:

SIMPLE ELECTRONICS BOOK (BASIC) FULLY ILLUSTRATED


By: Michael Q. Enriquez
Fred T. Gantalao
Rommel M. Lasala

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