MATH 10 REVIEWER FROM

2ND QUARTER NARRA

FACTORING

COMMON MONOMIAL FACTOR (CMF)

ax + bx + cx = x (a + b + c)

BINOMIALS
DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES (DOTS)
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = (+)(−)
√𝑎 2 = 𝑎
√𝑏 2 = 𝑏
DEGREE OF POLYNOMIAL
(𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)
The degree of a polynomial is the highest exponent
SUM OF TWO CUBES (SOTC) of x that appears in the polynomial.
The sign of the middle term must be inverse the sign
of the first factor ▪ The function has, at most, n real zeros
▪ The graph has, at most, n – 1 turning points
𝑎3 + 𝑏3
▪ It determines the end behavior of the graph
∛𝑎3 = 𝑎
of a function
∛𝑏3 = 𝑏
(𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
STANDARD FORM
A polynomial is in standard form if its terms are
DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES (DOTC)
written in descending order of exponents from left
The sign of the middle term must be inverse the sign
to right.
of the first factor
𝑎3 − 𝑏3
∛𝑎3 = 𝑎
∛𝑏3 = 𝑏
(𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )

QUADRATIC TRINOMIALS
Quadratic Trinomial where a > 1
➢ Hide and seek
➢ Cross Method
➢ Trial and error

ZEROS OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

Quadratic Trinomial where a = 1
The zeros of a polynomial function are the values of
𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = (𝑥 + 𝑚)(𝑥 + 𝑛)
x which make f(x) = 0. These values are the roots, or
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚(𝑛) = 𝑐
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 𝑏 solutions of the polynomial equation when y = 0. All
real roots are the x-intercepts of the graph.
FACTORING BY GROUPING – if 4 or more terms
Getting the x- intercepts and y-intercept of the
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS graph
➢ x- intercepts can be obtained when y = 0,
RESTRICTIONS also the roots
➢ The exponents are in fraction form ➢ y- intercepts can be obtained when x = 0,
➢ There is variable inside the radical sign also the constant term
➢ The exponents are negative integer
➢ There is variable in the denominator If (x-c) is a factor of a polynomial P(x) then, c is
➢ The exponents are irrational number called a zero of a polynomial function.

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 MATH 10 REVIEWER FROM
2ND QUARTER NARRA

If c is a zero of a polynomial and the exponent on the A circle is a set of points on a given plane, which is
term that produced the root is k then we say that c equidistant from a fixed point called the center.
has a multiplicity k
TERMINOLOGIES
TURNING POINTS Center - point where all the points of a circle are
Graph changes from increasing to decreasing or equidistant from.
vice versa Radius - segment drawn from the center of the circle
to any point on the circle.
The number of turning points in the graph of a Chord - a segment joining any two points on the
polynomial is strictly less than the degree n of the circle.
polynomial. (at most n-1) Diameter - segment whose endpoints are on the
circle and it passes through the center of the circle.
GRAPH OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS It is the longest chord.
1. The graph of any type of function must pass the Central Angle - angle whose vertex is at the center
vertical line test. of the circle and with two radii as its sides.
2. Every polynomial function with real coefficients Inscribed Angle - angle whose vertex is on a circle
has the set of real numbers as its domain; hence it and whose sides contain chords of the circle.
is continuous function. This means that the graph of Semicircle – one half of the circle
a polynomial function has no breaks, holes or Intercepted Arc - portion of the circumference of
gaps. the circle located on the interior of the angle and
3. A polynomial equation of the nth degree cannot whose endpoint lie on the sides of the circle.
have more than n roots. This only means that the Minor arc - arc of a circle that measures less than a
graph cannot intersect the x-axis more than n semicircle.
times. Major arc - arc of a circle that measures greater than
4. A graph of a polynomial function has only a semicircle.
smooth, rounded turns. A polynomial function Tangent - line segment that intersects the circle at
cannot have a sharp turn. exactly one point. (Point of Tangency)
Secant - a line or line segment that intersects the
Case 1: If n is odd and the leading coefficient is circle at two points.
positive, the graph falls to the left and rises to the
right. RELATIONSHIP AMONG CHORDS, ARCS AND
ANGLES
Case 2: If n is odd and the leading coefficient is
negative, the graph rises to the left and falls to the SUM OF CENTRAL ANGLES
right. The sum of the measures of the central angles of a
circle with no common interior points is 360
Case 3: If n is even and the leading coefficient is degrees.
positive, the graph rises to the left and rises to the
right.

Case 4: If n is even and the leading coefficient is

negative, the graph falls to the left and falls to the
right.
ARC ADDITION POSTULATE
MULTIPLICITY OF THE ROOTS AND THE X-AXIS The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs
➢ Even – touches the x-axis (tangent) is the sum of the measures of the two arcs
➢ Odd – crosses the x-axis

CIRCLES

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 MATH 10 REVIEWER FROM
2ND QUARTER NARRA

4. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then

its opposite angles are supplementary

CENTRAL ANGLE AND ITS INTERCEPTED ARC THEOREMS ON CENTRAL ANGLES, ARCS AND
The measure of a central angle of a circle is equal to CHORDS
the measure of its intercepted arc.
1. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor
arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding central angles are congruent

INSCRIBED ANGLE AND ITS INTERCEPTED ARC

The measure of an inscribed angle of a circle is one-
half of the measure of its intercepted arc.
2. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor
arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding chords are congruent.

THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLES

1. The measure of an inscribed angle of a circle

is one-half of the measure of its intercepted
arc. 3. In a circle, a radius/diameter bisects a chord
and an arc with the same endpoints if and
only if it is perpendicular to the chord.

2. If two inscribed angles of a circle (or

congruent circles) intercept congruent arcs
or the same arc, then the angles are
congruent. 4. In a circle, or two congruent circles, two
chords are congruent if and only if they are
equidistant from the center

3. If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a

semicircle, then the angle is a right angle.

SECANTS, TANGENTS, SEGMENTS, SECTORS OF

A CIRCLE

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 MATH 10 REVIEWER FROM
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SECTOR OF A CIRCLE
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of
the circle and the two radii to the endpoints of the
arc.

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝐴
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜋𝑟 2
360 THEOREMS ON ANGLES FORMED BY TWO
SECANTS
SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
A segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc 1. If two secants intersect on the circle, then
and the segment joining its endpoints (chord) the measure of an angle formed is one-half
the measure of the arc intercepted by the
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = angle.
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝐴 1
𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑔 = 𝜋𝑟 2 − 𝑏ℎ
360 2

ARC LENGTH
𝐴
𝑙 = 2𝜋𝑟
360

THEOREMS ON TANGENTS AND SECANTS OF A

CIRCLE
2. If two secants intersect in the interior of a
THEOREMS ON TANGENT LINE circle, then the measure of an angle formed
is one-half the sum of the measures of the
1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical
perpendicular to the radius drawn to the angle.
point of tangency.

2. If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle

at its endpoint that is on the circle, then the
line is tangent to the circle
3. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a
circle, then the measure of the angle formed
is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.

3. If two segments from the same exterior point

are tangent to a circle, then the two
segments are congruent.

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 MATH 10 REVIEWER FROM
2ND QUARTER NARRA

THEOREMS ON ANGLES FORMED BY TANGENTS

AND SECANTS

1. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the

point of tangency, then the measure of each
angle formed is one-half the measure of its
intercepted arc.
EXTERNAL SECANT SEGMENT
An external secant segment is the part of a secant
segment that is outside a circle.

2. If a secant and a tangent intersect in the

exterior of a circle, then the measure of the THEOREMS ON SECANT SEGMENTS, TANGENT
angle formed is one-half the positive SEGMENTS, AND EXTERNAL SECANT SEGMENTS
difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs. 1. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle
from an exterior point, then the product of
the lengths of one secant segment and its
external secant segment is equal to the
product of the lengths of the other secant
segment and its external secant segment.

3. If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a

circle, then the measure of the angle formed
is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.

2. If a tangent segment and a secant segment

are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,
then the square of the length of the tangent
segment is equal to the product of the
lengths of the secant segment and its
external secant segment.

THEOREMS ON TWO INTERSECTING CHORDS

If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product

of the measures of the segments of one chord is
equal to the product of the measures of the
segments of the other chord.