UNIT II [10 Marks]

Python Operators and Control Flow Statements

1. List membership operators in Python.

Ans:- 1.in, 2.not in

2. Explain decision making statements if-else, if-elif-else with

example.

Ans:-

if-else Statement

The if statement checks a condition. If True, it executes a block of code; otherwise,

the else block runs.

Example:

age = 18

if age >= 18:

print("You are an adult.")

else:

print("You are a minor.")

2. if-elif-else Statement

Used when there are multiple conditions. The elif block checks additional
conditions if the first if is False.

Example:

marks = 75
if marks >= 90:

print("Grade: A")

elif marks >= 75:

print("Grade: B")

elif marks >= 50:

print("Grade: C")

else:

print("Grade: F")

3. Explain identity and assignment operators with example

Ans:-

. Identity Operators (is, is not)

These check if two variables refer to the same object in memory.

 is → Returns True if two variables refer to the same object.

a = [1, 2, 3]

b=a

print(a is b) # Output: True

 is not → Returns True if two variables refer to different objects.

x = [10, 20, 30]

y = [10, 20, 30] # Different object with the same values

print(x is not y) # Output: True

4. Explain loop control statement in python.

Ans:-

Loop control statements are used to control the execution of loops (for
and while). Python has three loop control statements:

1. break

The break statement exits the loop when a condition is met.

for num in range(1, 6):
if num == 3:
break # Stops the loop when num is 3
print(num)

2. continue

The continue statement skips the current iteration and continues the loop

Example:

for num in range(1, 6):

if num == 3:

continue

print(num)

3. pass

The pass statement does nothing and is used as a placeholder.

Example:

for num in range(1, 6):

if num == 3:
pass # Placeholder, does nothing
print(num)
5. Write python program to display output like.

468

10 12 14 16 18

Ans:-

rows = [1, 3, 5]

num = 2

for row in rows:

for _ in range(row):

print(num, end=" ")

num += 2

print()

6. Explain use of Pass and Else keyword with for loops in python.

Ans:-

Python provides the pass and else keywords to control the flow inside
loops.

1. pass Keyword
  pass is a placeholder that does nothing.

 Used when a loop must have a body but you don’t want to write
code yet.

Example:

for i in range(5):

if i == 2:

pass

print(i)

2. else Keyword with for Loop

 The else block runs after the loop completes normally (without
break).

 If the loop is stopped using break, else does not run.

Example:

for i in range(3):

print(i)

else:

print("Loop completed!")

7. Explain arithmetic operators in python with an example.

Ans:-
Types of Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example

+ Addition 5+3→8

- Subtraction 10 - 4 → 6

* Multiplication 6 * 2 → 12

/ Division (returns float) 10 / 3 → 3.33

Floor Division (removes

// 10 // 3 → 3
decimal)

% Modulus (remainder) 10 % 3 → 1

** Exponentiation (power) 2 ** 3 → 8

Example Program

a = 10

b=3

print("Addition:", a + b)

print("Subtraction:", a - b)

print("Multiplication:", a * b)

print("Division:", a / b)

print("Floor Division:", a // b)

print("Modulus:", a % b)
print("Exponentiation:", a ** b)

8. Describe bitwise operators in python with an example.

Ans:-

Example (a = 5, b =
Operator Name Description
3)

& AND 1 if both bits are 1 5&3→1

1 if at least one bit is

` ` OR
1

^ XOR 1 if bits are different 5^3→6

~ NOT Flips all bits ~5 → -6

Shifts bits left (multiply by

<< Left Shift 5 << 1 → 10
2)

Right Shifts bits right (divide by

>> 5 >> 1 → 2
Shift 2)

Example Program

a=5

b=3

print("AND:", a & b)

print("OR:", a | b)

print("XOR:", a ^ b)
print("NOT a:", ~a)

print("Left Shift:", a << 1)

print("Right Shift:", a >> 1)

9. Explain membership operator operators in python with examples.

Ans:-

Types of Membership Operators

1. in → Returns True if the value exists in the sequence.

2. not in → Returns True if the value does not exist in the sequence.

Example 1: Using in

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print("apple" in fruits) # True (apple is in the list)

print("mango" in fruits) # False (mango is not in the list)

Example 2: Using not in

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(6 not in numbers) # True (6 is not in the list)

print(3 not in numbers) # False (3 is in the list)

10. Explain for-loop in python with example.

Ans:-

A for loop is used to iterate over a sequence (like a list, tuple, string, or
range) and execute code multiple times.

Syntax:

python

CopyEdit

for variable in sequence:

# Code block to execute

Example 1: Using for Loop with a List

python

CopyEdit

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for fruit in fruits:

print(fruit)