CH 233 77

CH 233 79
80 CH 233
 0.0 1
n’bo =?r -x100
20.05

= 0.05 %

0.0 1
VITO + __ x1000
= -20.05

= 0.5 ppt
 unv? 4

1
- 2

4.523 = 4.5

102.87 = 102.9

54.4528 z 54.5 i

1,543.Z = 1,543.2

236.8 = 236.8
-

I,94 1 X458 1,941.9

104.8

0.3
t
72.3

10.2

187.6 na’u

82 CH 233
 R . U . 1109 1.52 = 0.01 x 100 =0.7 %
1.52

R . U . v0.1 3.2 = 0.1 x 100 =3 %

R . U . llOJ 100.5 = 0.1 x 100 =O.l %

100.5

&iae& 4.4 F)JHlWR~CUSIOJflalUfJla 4.5 x 2 5 . 8 2 7 x 32.45

CH 233 83
x
CH 233 85
 R.U. “UDJ 4.5 1
45
R.U.. YOJ 25.827 = ,
25827
R.U. “1103 3 2 . 4 5 I
3245

ams-h 1
45
t-wpms-dl9 1
-x 3 7 7 1 . 3 8 7 6 = 8 3 . 8 0 . .
45

41.27 0.414 = 40.86

0.5 135 + 0.0009 = 0.5144

~~WoPr~~Jn$w~~w-wlslevdarlld

(40.86) (0.052 1) (7.090) = 29.3414

(0.5 144)

R.U. TIFN 40.86 = 0.01 = 1

40.86 4086

R.U. lla9 0.0521 = 0.0001 = 1

0.0521 521

86 CH 233
CH 233 87
 16.03 0.113
_
22.2. 47.39 0.47
-

x = 47.39 = 15.80
3

2 = 0.47 = 0.16 n?u

= 0.16
--x 1000
15.80
88 CH 233
 = 10 ppt

f?tb&JJLIJUU?@l7;7U (Standard deviatlon, S) ~181l9tl~lU~tlA~&Jlfl

Standard deviation of the mean= S(mean) = S

( 4 . 6 )
fi .’

&I 9.990, 9.986, 9.973, 9.983, 9.980

4.4 0
26?ll

5 d= Ix, - q (Xi - X)1

9.900 7.6 x 1O-3 57.8 x 1O-6

9.9X6 3.6 x lo-” 13.0 x 1o-6

9.973 9.4 x 1o-3 88.4 x 1O-6

9.983 0.6 x lo- 3 0.4 x ld6

9.980 2.4 x 1O-3 5.8 x 1O-6

CH 233 89
 51 49.912

9.9824 =X 165.4 x 10m6

mnmnid (4.4)

s = 165.4 x IO-~
5- 1
J

ti (mean) = 0.48

= 0.24
- x 1000 =8.1 ppt
29,6

90 CH 233
 g =
fi
=0.69
4- 1

= 0.69 =23 ppt

__ x 1000
29.6

s (mean) = 0.69
=0.34
J4

= 0.34
- x 1000 = il ppt (&Nbla’)
29.6

CH 233 91
 56.23 - 56.08 0.15
Q Cd = 56.23 55.95 = 0.28
-

= 0.54
i)inmai~~ 2.3
Qcrit(n= 5) = 0.64

Q ml < Quit

15.30 15.24
Qal =
15.30 14.84

= 0.06
0.46

Qcrit(n= 5) = 0.64

Qcal < Quit

LLmWhil 15.30 &dlmWw7aiau
.
100 CH 233
 f&%116 (n7k.J) fii9^5.3 (nk) E (nfu) RE (ppt)
J
10.545 10.544 0.001 0.094
0.105 0.104 0.001 9.6

102 CH 233
 (y+Ay) = (ai-Aa)+(b+Ab)m(c+Ac) ( 4 . 1 4 )

mmi~ (4.14) - (4.13)

AY = Aa+Ak AC (4.15)

+ o.so(+o.o2)

+4.10(-0.03)

- 1.97(-0.05)

+ 2.63

AY = Aa+Ab- Ac

= 0.02 +(-0.03)- (-0.0s)

= +0.04

CH 233 103
 (y+Ay) = (a+Aa) (b+Ab)

= ab+aAb+bAa+AaAb ( 4 . 1 7 )

(4.17) - (4.16)

AY = aAb+bAa+AaAb (4.18)

(4.18) + y WMlprcil y =ab

AY aAb + bAa + AaAh

Y ah ab ah

&,Ab ?~dCil~QUUl~LJQL~Ull~~Ci?~Pb “1

ab

Ay = Aa Ah . (4.19)
- - + -
Y a b
fMoll%

Y a . (4.20)
ii

Y+ AY = (a+Aa) . . . . (4.21)
(b+ Ab)
Slfl (4.20)

yb =a . . . . (4.22)

8ln (4.21)

yb+ bAy+ yAb+AyAb = a+ Aa A4.23)

(4.23)- (4.22)

bAy+yAb+Ayybb = Aa

CH 233
 9 + b + -
AyAb Aa
=-
Y b yb a

** Ay Aa
-=-_- Ab AyAb
_-
Y a b yb

I .. -=Ay Aa
- Ab
._- . . _ . (4.24)
Y a b

AY Aa Ab AC
-7 :+----- . . . . . (4.25)
b c

= -0.0049 + 0.020 + 0.020

= 0.035

Ay = 0.035 x y

= 0 . 0 3 5 x. 0 . 0 1 0 4 0 6

= 0.0004

Y = 0.0104 (+ 0.0004)

3 . nad~r~ulauunrila

y =a’ . (4.26)

dy = xaX- ‘da (4.27)

CH 233 105
 (4.27) t (4.26)

dy = xaX- ’ da
Y ax

tws1z% a(x- 1) = 1

ax a

Ay = x Aa
-
Y a

4. “3ddldpadlbQ” (log)
y =log a = 0.434 In a . (4.28)

106 CH 233
 (4.31)

(4.32)

ab
y c (4.33)

CH 233 107
 Y = 2.63 (‘-0.06)

Y z (4.1OkO.02) (0.0050’-0.0001) - 0 . 0 1 0 4 1 ’ I

(I .97~0.04)

[* gt 12 + [ i ,oojo]~
-sy HiQ (Sy$ = ,i’--- 0.0001 + ,+ ‘:;A 1’
Y
r----- - -.
= J (i- o.oo4Y)2 + (! o.030)2 + (’ o.020)L

= i 0.029

= YX(SIJr
sY
= 0.0104 x 0.029

= 0.0003

Y = O.O104(i 0 . 0 0 0 3 )

[14.3(+0.2)1- 11.6(‘0.2)]s50.0(+0.1,] = 3 . 1 9 1 * ?
42.3(*0.4)

.‘. Y = 2 . 7 (+0.28)x50.0 (+O.l) = 3 . 1 9 1

42.3 (fO.4)

108 CH 233
 +o .I 0

0 .I 0 x 3 .l Yl = 0.3%
sY =
.
. . ‘/ = 3 . 2 (KO.3)

y = ax . . . . . . . . ..(4.35)

xs, . . . . . . . . ..(4.36)
3 =-
Y a

CH 233 109
 = 0.06

s = V x 0.06
"
= 523.6 x 0.06

= 31

V = 524(+31 ) ~

a) y =10g[2.00(+0.02)x1 o-) I = -2.6990 k?

b) a =antilog [I .200(*0.003)1= 15.849 +?

45
Cl a =antilog[45.4 (20.3 1 I = 2.5219x10 +?

a) mxfami~
s, = 0.434 -
sa
a

= f0.434xC.02xl Ll-

2 . 0 0 A 0 -3

= ko -0 0 4

logL2 -00 cm.02 )x1 o-3 ] = -2 .699O+U.004

b) S? = 0.434 -
sa
a

110 CH 233
 s, = M .0069xa = 0.0069x1 5.849

= 0.11

antilog[1.200(+O.O03~ 1 = 15.8kO.l

C) sa = TO.3
__ = 0.69
-._
a 0.434

s, = 0.69x2.5119x1 OG5 = 1 .7~10'~

antilog[45.4(+0.3) 1 = 2.5Cti .7 )x10G5

E = O-T

= 24.31 - 24.36

RE = -0.05 x 100 = -0.21 %

24.36

= -0.2%

CH 233 111
 4

a) 107.870 g) 0 -001 0 m) 0.0607

b) 1.0080 h) 100 n) 9966

cl 22,400 i.) 1 ,000.027 o) 0.0003644

d) 96,500 j-) 1 .780x1 O5 p) 0.008614

e) 169.880 k) 1 .780~10-~ q) 684.5

f) 1020.3 1) 6.023~10'~ r) 9004

2) (2.14) oJFilu?nru'ouRoiorzl~~"~~~~~~8~~~~~"~l~w

a) 2.50+0.0850+40.255+0.1254= ? @loll 42.97

b) 27.40+5.735+6.8164+0.565 = ? FlapI 40.52

c) 16.6+0.06018+7.015+0.14245 = ? aElll 23.8

d) 646+6.46+64.6+0.646 = ?

e) 40.3+0.150+1 -254-25.05 = ?

f) 1.439+0.3333+70.1-6.0 = ?

' g) 6.9897+321 .04+2.971+0.225 = ?

2.50x0.1 254 = ?
a)
40.255x0.0850

5.735x0.565 = ?
b)
27.40x6.8164

16.6x0.06018 = ?
C)
7.015x0.14245

d) = ?

40.3x0.150 =
e)
1 .254x25.050

114 CH 233
 f) (I .35x104) (3.5xl o6 ) = T

(6.95~10~) (2.712x1 0' )

9) (2.24OA 0')(9.8~10'~ ) = ?

(6.023~1 Oz3 )(l .86d O-5 )

h) 6.488-6.012
1.250

i) 6.488x6.012 = ?
1.250

j) (80.68)(35.46-1.293)((1.076) = ?
(3.033-0.0456)

k) (0.0953)(79.97-35.46) = ?
(I .8754)(119.02)

a) IrB, d) KIO, g) Y c4 b 06 j) NaBr

b) %O e) &PdCl, h) BaO, k) CaCQ

c) AgNO, f ) Pu, 03 i) PCL, 1) Au, s,

c) % SO+h.~30.44,30.30,30.60,30.37 filil?J = 30.60

CH 233 115
 .

Ei& 4

d) % S d'?in" 5.067,5.050,5.094,5.082 fil%% = 5.083

e) % Cl w&!$22.21 ,22.38,22.25,22.43,22.37 fh:J = 22.41

f) % Ca U&y 40.14,39.86,40.02,39.92,40.35 fiwj9 = 39.86

g) % Mn ~~~~n"6.O50,6.048,6.068,6.O'i4,6.056 n'l%?J = 6.064

h) % S ~~~~rn" 15.1 5,l 5.00,1 5.27,1 5.21 ,15.30 fililjJ =15.25

1 398

2 396

3 398
4 392-
5 393

6 401

116 CH 233
CH 233 117
 aall a) S= 0.061. 95% c.1. = 3.22+0.Ij

mm a) 95% c.l., N= ti

(1) determinate personal, (2) determinate instrumental

(3) determinate method (4) indeterminate person
118 CH 233
 b ) y =0.0010(-0.0005)x18.10(+0.02)x200(+ 1 ) = 3.62

c ) y = 6 7 . 1 (+O.3)x1.O3(+O.O2)x1O-‘7 = 6.9113x10-I6

CH 233 119
d) y = 243(a) X 760(Y) = 103510.5
1.006(f0.006)

e) y ='l43(+6) - 64(?3) = 5.9578x1 o-z

1249Cfl )+77(*8)

f) y = 1 .97c+o.o1 ) = 8 .I 06996x1 O-3

243(+3)

g) y = [9.6('0.2)13 = 884.736

h) y = [l .U3(fO.O4)AO-'4 " = 4.6875~IO-~

i) y = C-l .02(*0.02 )xl O-71-[3.54(f0.2)x10-Bl = -1 .374x10-'

a) y =100.2(?rO.08)-99.62(+0.06)+0.20U(+0.01~4) = 0.780

b) y = [33.33(f0.03)1' = 37025.927

c) y = 1 .73(+o.o3,xIo" = 106.1349693

1.63(+0.04)d01'

d) y = [17.2(+0.6)1~ = 2.036489

e) y = log [1.73(fO.O3U)l = 0.238046

CH 233 121