ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC- DIFFERENT TYPES OF CYBER CRIMES

SUBJECT – CYBER LAW MLA 1104

ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED TO LAW DEPARTMENT

SHRI RAMSWROOP MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

For the Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement in

LL.M. (CORPORATE AND COMMERCIAL LAW)

UNDER GUIDANCE OF : SUBMITTED BY:

DR. AKANKSHA TIWARI JITENDRA KUMAR PANDEY

202410301020058
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In preparation of my assignment, I had to take the help
and guidance of some respected persons, who deserve
my deepest gratitude. As the completion of this
assignment gave me much pleasure, I would like to
show my gratitude towards DR. AKANKSHA TIWARI ,
Course instructor, on SRMU for giving me
a good guidelines for assignment throughout numerous
consultations. I would also like to expand my gratitude
to all those who have directly and indirectly guided me
in writing this assignment.
Many people, especially my classmates have made
valuable comment suggestions on my paper which gave
me an inspiration to improve the quality of the
assignment.
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 TWO MAIN TYPES
 CLSSIFICATION OF CYBER CRIMES
 MOST COMMON CYBER CRIMES
 OTHER TYPES OF CYBER CRIMES
What is Cybercrime?
Cybercrime can be defined as “The illegal usage of any communication device to
commit or facilitate in committing any illegal act”.

A cybercrime is explained as a type of crime that targets or uses a computer or a

group of computers under one network for the purpose of harm.

Cybercrimes are committed using computers and computer networks. They can
be targeting individuals, business groups, or even governments.

Investigators tend to use various ways to investigate devices suspected to be

used or to be a target of a cybercrime.
Who are The Cybercriminals?
A cybercriminal is a person who uses his skills in technology to do malicious acts
and illegal activities known as cybercrimes. They can be individuals or teams.

Cybercriminals are widely available in what is called the “Dark Web” where they
mostly provide their illegal services or products.

Not every hacker is a cybercriminal because hacking itself is not considered a

crime as it can be used to reveal vulnerabilities to report and batch them which is
called a “white hat hacker”.

However, hacking is considered a cybercrime when it has a malicious purpose of

conducting any harmful activities and we call this one “black hat hacker” or a
cyber-criminal.

It is not necessary for cybercriminals to have any hacking skills as not all cyber
crimes include hacking.

Cybercriminals can be individuals who are trading in illegal online content or

scammers or even drug dealers. So here are some examples of
cybercriminals:
- Black hat hackers
- Cyberstalkers
- Cyber terrorists
- Scammers

Cybercriminals who conduct targeted attacks are better to be named Threat

Actors.
How do Cybercrimes happen?
Cybercriminals take advantage of security holes and vulnerabilities found in
systems and exploit them in order to take a foothold inside the targeted
environment.
The security holes can be a form of using weak authentication methods and
passwords, it can also happen for the lack of strict security models and policies.
Why are Cybercrimes Increasing?
The world is constantly developing new technologies, so now, it has a big
reliance on technology. Most smart devices are connected to the internet. There
are benefits and there are also risks.

One of the risks is the big rise in the number of cybercrimes committed, there are
not enough security measures and operations to help protect these technologies.

Computer networks allow people in cyberspace to reach any connected part of

the world in seconds.

Cybercrimes can have different laws and regulations from one country to
another, mentioning also that covering tracks is much easier when committing a
cybercrime rather than real crimes.

We are listing different below reasons for the big increase in cybercrimes:
- Vulnerable devices:
As we mentioned before, the lack of efficient security measures and solutions
introduces a wide range of vulnerable devices which is an easy target for
cybercriminals.
- Personal motivation:
Cybercriminals sometimes commit cybercrimes as a kind of revenge against
someone they hate or have any problem with.
- Financial motivation:
The most common motivation of cybercriminals and hacker groups, most attacks
nowadays are committed to profit from it.
Two Main Types of Cyber Crimes
- Targeting computers
This type of cybercrimes includes every possible way that can lead to harm to
computer devices for example malware or denial of service attacks.
- Using computers
This type includes the usage of computers to do all the classifications of
computer crimes.
Classifications of Cybercrimes
Cybercrimes in general can be classified into four categories:
1. Individual Cyber Crimes:
This type is targeting individuals. It includes phishing, spoofing, spam,
cyberstalking, and more.
2. Organisation Cyber Crimes:
The main target here is organizations. Usually, this type of crime is done by
teams of criminals including malware attacks and denial of service attacks.
3. Property Cybercrimes:
This type targets property like credit cards or even intellectual property rights.
4. Society Cybercrimes:
This is the most dangerous form of cybercrime as it includes cyber-terrorism.
Most Common Cyber Crimes
Now that you understand what cybercrimes are, let’s discuss some common
cybercrimes.
1. Phishing and Scam:
Phishing is a type of social engineering attack that targets the user and tricks
them by sending fake messages and emails to get sensitive information about
the user or trying to download malicious software and exploit it on the target
system.
2. Identity Theft
Identity theft occurs when a cybercriminal uses another person’s personal data
like credit card numbers or personal pictures without their permission to commit a
fraud or a crime.
3. Ransomware Attack
Ransomware attacks are a very common type of cybercrime. It is a type of malware that
has the capability to prevent users from accessing all of their personal data on the
system by encrypting them and then asking for a ransom in order to give access to the
encrypted data.
4. Hacking/Misusing Computer Networks
This term refers to the crime of unauthorized access to private computers or
networks and misuse of it either by shutting it down or tampering with the data
stored or other illegal approaches.
5. Internet Fraud
Internet fraud is a type of cybercrimes that makes use of the internet and it can
be considered a general term that groups all of the crimes that happen over the
internet like spam, banking frauds, theft of service, etc.
Other Types of Cybercrime
Here are another 9 types of cybercrimes:
1. Cyber Bullying
It is also known as online or internet bullying. It includes sending or sharing
harmful and humiliating content about someone else which causes
embarrassment and can be a reason for the occurrence of psychological
problems. It became very common lately, especially among teenagers.
2. Cyber Stalking
Cyberstalking can be defined as unwanted persistent content from someone
targeting other individuals online with the aim of controlling and intimidating like
unwanted continued calls and messages.
3. Software Piracy
Software piracy is the illegal use or copy of paid software with violation of
copyrights or license restrictions.

An example of software piracy is when you download a fresh non-activated copy

of windows and use what is known as “Cracks” to obtain a valid license for
windows activation. This is considered software piracy.

Not only software can be pirated but also music, movies, or pictures.
4. Social Media Frauds
The use of social media fake accounts to perform any kind of harmful activities
like impersonating other users or sending intimidating or threatening messages.
And one of the easiest and most common social media frauds is Email spam.
5. Online Drug Trafficking
With the big rise of cryptocurrency technology, it became easy to transfer money
in a secured private way and complete drug deals without drawing the attention
of law enforcement. This led to a rise in drug marketing on the internet.

Illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin, or marijuana are commonly sold and
traded online, especially on what is known as the "Dark Web".
6. Electronic Money Laundering
Also known as transaction laundering. It is based on unknown companies or
online business that makes approvable payment methods and credit card
transactions but with incomplete or inconsistent payment information for buying
unknown products.

It is by far one of the most common and easy money laundering methods.
8. Cyber Extortion
Cyber extortion is the demand for money by cybercriminals to give back some
important data they've stolen or stop doing malicious activities such as denial of
service attacks.
9. Intellectual-property Infringements
It is the violation or breach of any protected intellectual-property rights such as
copyrights and industrial design.
9. Online Recruitment Fraud
One of the less common cybercrimes that are also growing to become more
popular is the fake job opportunities released by fake companies for the purpose
of obtaining a financial benefit from applicants or even making use of their
personal data.