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Preparation of Salts

The document outlines the preparation and properties of salts, defining salts as ionic compounds formed from the replacement of hydrogen ions in acids by metal or ammonium ions. It describes three main methods for preparing salts: neutralization reactions, precipitation reactions, and displacement reactions, along with practical activities for each method. Key points emphasize the importance of accurate measurement, proper filtration, and careful evaporation in successful salt preparation.

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52 views3 pages

Preparation of Salts

The document outlines the preparation and properties of salts, defining salts as ionic compounds formed from the replacement of hydrogen ions in acids by metal or ammonium ions. It describes three main methods for preparing salts: neutralization reactions, precipitation reactions, and displacement reactions, along with practical activities for each method. Key points emphasize the importance of accurate measurement, proper filtration, and careful evaporation in successful salt preparation.

Uploaded by

fortedowe
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Preparation and Properties of Salts

Key Objectives
• Understand methods of preparing salts.
• Describe the different types of salt preparation techniques.
• Perform practical activities involving salt preparation.
Definition of Salts
Salts are ionic compounds formed when the hydrogen ions (H⁺) in an
acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions.
Methods of Preparing Salts
There are three main methods of preparing salts:
1. Neutralization Reactions
• This involves the reaction between an acid and a base (alkali or
metal oxide) to form a salt and water.
General Equation: Acid+Base→Salt+Water
Examples:
• Acid + Alkali: Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide
HCl (aq)+NaOH (aq)→NaCl (aq)+H2O
• Acid + Metal Oxide: Sulfuric acid + copper(II) oxide
H2SO4(aq)+CuO (s)→CuSO4(aq)+H2O

• Acid + Carbonate: Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate


2HCl (aq)+CaCO3(s)→CaCl2(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O
2. Precipitation Reactions
• This involves mixing two solutions containing ions to form an
insoluble salt.
General Equation:
Soluble Salt A+Soluble Salt B→Insoluble Salt+Solution
Example:
• Lead(II) nitrate + sodium chloride
Pb(NO3)2(aq)+2NaCl (aq)→PbCl2(s)+2NaNO3(aq)
3. Displacement Reactions
• A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its
salt solution.
General Equation:
Metal A+Salt of Metal B→Salt of Metal A+Metal B
Example:
• Zinc + copper(II) sulphate
Zn (s)+CuSO4(aq)→ZnSO4(aq)+Cu (s)
Practical Activities
1. Preparing Salts by Neutralization (Acid + Alkali)
Materials: Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, indicator, beaker,
and Bunsen burner.
Procedure:
1. Measure a specific volume of hydrochloric acid.
2. Add a few drops of indicator (phenolphthalein).
3. Gradually add sodium hydroxide while stirring until the
indicator changes color.
4. Evaporate the water from the solution to obtain sodium chloride
crystals.
2. Preparing Salts by Neutralization (Acid + Carbonate)
Materials: Hydrochloric acid, calcium carbonate (marble chips).
Procedure:
1. Add marble chips to hydrochloric acid in a beaker.
2. Observe the effervescence as carbon dioxide gas is released.
3. Filter the solution and evaporate to obtain calcium chloride
crystals.
3. Preparing Salts by Precipitation
Materials: Lead(II) nitrate solution, sodium chloride solution,
beakers. Procedure:
1. Mix equal volumes of lead(II) nitrate and sodium chloride
solutions.
2. Observe the formation of a white precipitate (lead(II) chloride).
3. Filter the mixture to separate the precipitate.
4. Wash and dry the precipitate.
4. Preparing Salts by Displacement Reaction
Materials: Zinc metal, copper(II) sulphate solution. Procedure:
1. Place a piece of zinc metal in a beaker containing copper(II)
sulphate solution.
2. Observe the formation of brown copper deposits on the zinc
metal.
3. Filter and wash the copper metal.
Summary of Key Points
• Neutralization: Reaction of acids with alkalis, metal oxides, or
carbonates to form salts.
• Precipitation: Mixing solutions to form an insoluble salt.
• Displacement: A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive
metal from its salt.
• Practical Tips: Accurate measurement, proper filtration, and
careful evaporation are essential for successful salt preparation.

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