NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Exercise 4.1 Question 1. The cost of a notebook is twice the cost of a pen. Write a linear equation in two variables to represent this statement. (Take the cost of a notebook to be Rs. x and that of a pen to be Rs.y) Solution: Let the cost of a notebook = Rs. x and the cost of a pe! According to the condition, we have [Cost of a notebook] =2 x [Cost of a pen] i.e, (x) =2x (y) 0 Thus, the required linear equation is x - 2y = 0. Question 2. Express the following linear equations in the form ax + by +c = 0 and indicate the values of a, b and c in each case: Solution: (i) We have 2x + 3y = 9.2 or (2)x + (3)y + (—9,35) =0 ‘Comparing it with ax + by +c 0, we geta = 2, b=3and c= : (ii) Wehavex—#-10 = 0 orx+(-2)y + (10)=0 Comparing it with ax + by + c = 0, we get a=1,b =- land c= -10 (ili) Wehave -2x + 3y = 6 or (-2)x + (3)y + (-6) Comparing it with ax — 4 — by +c = O,we get 0 2,b=3andc=-6. (iv) We have x = 3y or (1)x + (-3)y + (0) = 0 Comparing it with ax + by + c= 0, we geta=1,b and ¢ = 0. (v) We have 2: and c= 0. (vi) We have 3x + 2 = 0 or (3)x + (O)y + (2) = 0 Comparing it with ax + by + ¢ = 0, we get a =3, b= O and c=2. (vii) We have y—2 = 0 or (0)x + (1)y + (-2) = 0 Comparing it with ax + by + c= 0, we get a= 0, b= 4andc=-2 (vili) We have 5 = 2x > 5- 2x=0 or-2x + 0y+5= or (-2)x + (Oy + (6) =0 ‘Comparing it with ax + by +c = 0, we get a =-2, b= O and c=5. Sy or (2)x + (5)y + (0) = 0 Comparing it with ax + by + ¢ = 0, we geta=2,b=5NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Exercise 4.2 Question 1. Which one of the following options is true, and why? y Shas (i) a unique solution, (ii) only two solutions, (ii) infinitely many solutions Solution: We need to the number of solutions of the linear equation y =3x+5 We know that any linear equation has infinitely many solutions. Justification: If x=0 then y=3x0+5= 8 If x=1 then y=3x1. If »=-2then y=3x(-2) ‘Similarly, we can find infinite many solutions by putting the values of x. Question 2. Write four solutions for each of the following equations: (i) 2x+y= (ii) ax+y=9 (iil) x=4y Solution: Qx+y=7 We know that any linear equation has infinitely many solutions. Let us putin the linear equation2x+y=7, to get 2(0)+y=7 =>ya7, Thus, we get first pair of solution as(2,3). Let us put» =4in the linear equation 2: 7, to get 2(Q+y=7 BS yt4=TSy=3 Thus, we get second pair of solution as (2,3).Let us puts: =4 in the linear equation 2x+y=7, to get Thus, we get third pair of solution as(4,—1). Let us put =6in the linear equation 2x+y=7, to get 2(6)+y=7 Syt=TS>y Thus, we get fourth pair of solution as(4,-1). Therefore, we can conclude that four solutions for the linear equation 2x (0.7).(2.3).(4,-1) and (6,-8) are =9 (ii) ax+ We know that any linear equation has infinitely many solutions. Let us put =6in the linear equation x+=9, to get a(Q)+y=9 > y=9 Thus, we get first pair of solution as (0,9) Let us puty =0in the linear equation x+»=9, to get ax+(0)=9 > x=2 7 Thus, we get second pair of solution as, 20 | \t J Let us puts =1in the linear equation zx+y=9, to get Thus, we get third pair of solution as) 1 2 Let us puty = 2in the linear equation zx+y=9, to get ax+2=9 1 Thus, we get fourth pair of solution as, — a Therefore, we can conclude that four solutions for the linear equation zx+ y=9 are9 (0.3).(2.0 (ii) x= 4y We know that any linear equation has infinitely many solutions. Let us puty =0in the linear equation x= 4y, to get x=4(0) > x=0 Thus, we get first pair of solution as (0,0) Let us put) 2in the linear equation x= 4y, to get x=4(2) = x=8 Thus, we get second pair of solution as(8,2) Let us puty = 4in the linear equation x= 4y, to get x=4(4) => x=16 Thus, we get third pair of solution as(16,4) Let us puty =6in the linear equation x= 4y, to get x=4(6) > x=24 Thus, we get fourth pair of solution as(24,6) Therefore, we can conclude that four solutions for the linear equation x= 4y are (0.0),(8.2).(16,4) and (24,6). 4and which Question 3. Check which of the following are solutions of the equation are not : (i) (0.2) (i) (2,0) (it) (4.0) (iv) (¥2.442) (v) (11) Solution: (i) (0.2)We need to putx=0 and. the LHS. of linear equation 4, to get (0)-2 4 LH.S. #RH.S. Therefore, we can conclude that(0.2)is not a solution of the linear equation x (iy (2,0) We need to putx= 2 andy = Oin the L.H.S. of linear equationx-2y =4, to get 2(0) LHS. #RH.S. Therefore, we can conclude that(2.0)is not a solution of the linear equation x—2 (il) (4.0) We need to putx=4 and y= Oin the linear equation x , to get (4)-2(0)=4 LHS. =R.H.S, Therefore, we can conclude that(4,0)is a solution of the linear equation x (iv) (¥2.4y2) We need to putx= y=4y2in the linear equation x-2y =4, to get LHS. #RHS. Therefore, we can conclude that(./2.4./2 is not a solution of the linear equation ~- (v) (1.1) We need to putx=1 andy =1 in the linear equation x 4, to get ()-2(@)= LHS. #RH.S. Therefore, we can conclude that(1,1)is not a solution of the linear equation x Question 4. Find the value oft, if x = 2, y = 1 is a solution of the equatior +3)Solution: We know that, if = substituting the respective values of x and y in the linear equ: RHS of the given linear equation will not be effected, andy=1is a solution of the linear equation 2x+3y =k, then on , the LHS and 3y 2(2)+3(I)=k Sk=4+35k=7 Therefore, we can conclude that the value of k, for which the linear equation x=2 andy=l1as one of its solutions is 7. NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Exercise 4.3 Question 1. Draw the graph of each of the following linear equations in two fiv) 3=2x+y Solution: )x+y=4>y=4-x Ifwe have x = 0, theny=4-0=4 x=4,theny=4-1=3 x=2,theny=4-2 =. We get the following table: x |O}] 1 2 y [4/3 [2 Plot the ordered pairs (0, 4), (1,3) and (2,2) on the graph paper. Joining these points, we get a straight line AB as shown. Thus, the line AB is the required graph of x+y = 4 (i) x-y=2> y=x-2 If we have x = 0, then y=0-2= x=1,theny=1-2=-1 x=2,theny=2-2«. We get the following table: x {o{1 {2 y [2|-1] 0 Plot the ordered pairs (0, -2), (1, -1) and (2, 0) on the graph paper. Joining these points, we get a straight line PQ as shown. Y, Thus, the ime is the required graph of x -y =2 (iii) y = 3x If we have x = 0, then y = 3(0) = y=0 x= 1, then y = 3(1) =3 x= +1, then y = 3(-1) = «. We get the following table: x {ofa |-a y jo] 3 {3 Plot the ordered pairs (0, 0), (1, 3) and (+1, -3) on the graph paper. Joining these points, we get a straight line LM as shown. Thus, the line LM is the required graph of y = 3x. liv) 3=2x+y > y=3-2x If we have x = 0, then y = 3 - 2(0) =3 x= 1,then y =3—2(1)=3-2=1 x= 2,then y =3-2(2)=3-4= =. We get the following table: x [O} 1 2 y [3]1[-1 Plot the ordered pairs (0, 3), (1, 1) and (2, - 1) on the graph paper. Joining these points, weget a straight line CD as shown. Thus, the line CD is the required graph of 3 = 2x + y. Question 2, Give the equations of two lines passing through (2, 14). How many more such lines are there, and why? Solution: (2, 14) means x = 2 and y = 14 Equations which have (2,14) as the solution are (i) x + y = 16, (ii) 7x- y=0 There are infinite number of lines which passes through the point (2, 14), because infinite number of lines can be drawn through a point. Question 3. If the point (3, 4) I the value of a. s on the graph of the equation 3y = ax + 7, find Solution: The equation of the given line is 3y = ax +7 + (3, 4) lies on the given line, «. It must satisfy the equation 3y = ax +7 We have, (3, 4) > x=3 andy = 4. Putting these values in given equation, we get 3x4=ax347 > 12=3a+7 > 3a512-7=5> a=} . Thus, the required value of ais 5 Question 4. The taxi fare In a city Is as follows: For the first kilometre, the fare Is Rs. 8 and for the subsequent Rs. 5 per km. Taking the distance covered as x km and total fare as Rs.y, write a linear equation for this Information, and draw Its graph. Solution: Here, total distance covered = x km and total taxi fare = Rs, y Fare for 1km = Rs. 8 Remaining distance = (x — 1) km « Fare for (x - 1)km = Rs.5 x(x — 1) Total taxi fare = Rs. 8 + Rs. 5(x— 1) According to question, y=B45(x—1)=y=845x-5 > y=5x43, which is the required linear equation representing the given information, Graph: We have y = 5x +3 When x= 0, then y = 5(0) +3 > y=3 x= -4, then y = 5(-1) #3 > y=-2 x=-2, theny =5(-2)+3 > =. We get the following tabi x |0| -1 | -2 y [3] 2[7 Now, plotting the ordered pairs (0, 3), (-1, -2) and (-2, -7) on a graph paper and joining them,we get a straight line PQ as shown. Thus, the line PQ is the required graph of the linear equation y = 5x + 3. Question 5. From the choices given below, choose the equation whose graphs are given jn Fig. (1) and Fig. (2). (i)y=x (ii)x+y=0 (iii) y = 2x (iv) 2+ 3y = 7 For Fig. (2) +2 Fig. (1) Solution: For Fig. (1), the correct linear equation is x + y = 0 [As (-4, 1) = -1.41=0 and (1,-1) = 1+ (-1) = 0] For Fig.(2), the correct linear equation is y = -x + 2[As(-1,3) 3 = -1(-1) + 2 = 3 = 3 and (0,2) 3 2=40)+2> 2=2] Question 6. If the work done by a body on application of a constant force is directly proportional to the distance travelled by the body, express this in the form of an equation in two variables and draw the graph of the same by taking the constant force as 5 units. Also read from the graph the work done when the distance travelled by the body is ) 2 units (ii) 0 unit Solution: Constant force is 5 units. Let the distance travelled = x units and work done = y units, Work done = Force x Distance > y=5xx> y= 5x For drawing the graph, we have y = 5x When x = 0, then y = 5(0) = 0 x= 1, then y = 5(1) , then y = 5(-4 «. We get the following table: x [oli ]-a y fol 5s [s Ploffing the ordered pairs (0, 0), (1, 5) and (-1, -5) on the graph paper and joining the points, we get a straight line AB as shown. From the graph, we get (i) Distance travelled =2 units i.e. + FX = 2, then y = 5(2) = Work done = 10 units.(ii) Distance travelled = 0 unit ie., x= 0 2 Ifx= 0-5 y=5(0)—0 > Work done = 0 unit. Question 7. Yamini and Fatima, two students of Class IX of a school, together contributed Rs. 100 towards the Prime Minister's Relief Fund to help the earthquake victims. Write a linear equation which satisfies this data. (You may take their contributions as Rs.xand Rs-y.) Draw the graph of the same. Solution: Let the contribution of Yamini = Rs. x and the contribution of Fatima Rs. y 2. We have x+y = 100 = y = 100-x Now, when x= 0, y = 100-0 = 100 x= 50, y = 100-50 = 50 x= 100, y = 100 - 100 =0 =. We get the following table: x [0 | 50 | 10 y [100 [50] 0 Plotting the ordered pairs (0,100), (50,50) and (100, 0) on a graph paper using proper scale and joining these points, we get a straight line PQ'as shown. Yy ” Thus, the line PQ is the required graph of the linear equation x + y = 100. Question 8. In countries like USA and Canada, temperature is measured In Fahrenheit, whereas in countries like India, it is measured in Celsius. Here Is a linear equation that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius: F@)C+32 (i) Draw the graph of the linear equation above using Celsius for x-axis and Fahrenheit for y- axis. (ii) If the temperature Is 30°C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit? (iii) If the temperature is 95°F, what is the temperature in Celsius? {iv) If the temperature is 0°C, what Is the temperature In Fahrenheit and If the temperature is 0°F, what Is the temperature In Celsius? (v) Is there a temperature which is numerically the same in both Fahrenheit and Celsius? If yes, find It,Solution: (i) We have Fe@)c +32 When C )x0432=32 When C 27 +3255 When C We have the following tabl clo [| -15 | -10 Fl32[ 5 | a Plotting the ordered pairs (0, 32), (-15, 5) and (-10,14) on a graph paper. Joining these points, we get a straight line AB. A8+32=14 ) From the graph, we have 86°F corresponds to 30°C. (iii) From the graph, we have 95°F corresponds 35°C. {iv) We have, C =0 From (1), we get F=()0+32=32 Also, F = 0 From (1), we get 0= @C +325 -B=¢ > C=-17.8 (V) When F = ¢ (numerically) From (1), we get FOF +32 > F—2F =32 = =/F =32 > F=-40 «. Temperature is ~ 40° both in F and C. NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Exercise 4.4Question 1. Give the geometric representation o: as an equation {i) In one variable {ii) In two variables Solution: {i) We need to represent the linear equation » =3geometrically in one variable. We can conclude that in one variable, the geometric representation of the linear equation y=3will be same as representing the number 3 on a number line, Given below is the representation of number 3 on the number line. x 012345678 6-5-4 (ii) We need to represent the linear equation v = 3 geometrically in two variables. We know that the linear equation »=3can also be written as0-x+y=3, We can conclude that in two variables, the geometric representation of the linear equation y=3will be same as representing the graph of linear equation0-x +) =3. Given below is the representation of the linear equation0-x+y=3on a graph. We can optionally consider the given below table for plotting the linear equation 0-x+y on the graph, y3 B A 43,10 929) 1 “sya 2 y, ¥ Question 2. Give the geometric representations of 2 +9=(as an equation (i) In one variable (ii) In two variablesSolution: (i) We need to represent the linear equation 2x +9 = 0 geometrically in one variable. We know that the linear equation 2.+9 = can also be written as x We can conclude that in one variable, the geometric representation of the linear equation 2x+9= will be same as representing the number—4.50n a number line. Given below is the representation of number 3 on the number line. 34 (ii) We need to represent the linear equation 2x +9 = 0 geometrically in two variables. We know that the linear equation 2x+9=0can also be written as 2x+0-»=9. We can conclude that in two variables, the geometric representation of the linear equation 2x+9=Owill be same as representing the graph of linear equation 2x+0-v=9, Given below is the representation of the linear equation2x+0-»=9on a graph. We can optionally consider the given below table for plotting the linear equation 2x~0-y=9 on the graph. x 4 0