Lecture No.

7
7.7 Hyperbolic Functions
1) Definition of Hyperbolic functions
e x − e− x
sinh x =  shx , x  R
2
e x + e− x
cosh x =  chx , x  R
2
shx e x − e − x
tanh x = = x  thx , x  R
chx e + e − x
chx e x + e − x
coth x = = , x  0
shx e x − e − x
1 2
sech x = = , x R
chx e x + e − x
1 2
csch x = = x −x , x  0
shx e − e
2) Some Identities
We have : cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1  ch2 x − sh2 x = 1

 1 − th2 x = sech2 x

 coth2 x - 1 = csch2 x

We have : sin( x  y ) = sin x cos y  cos x sin y

 sh( x  y ) = shx chy  chx shy & sh2 x = 2 shx chx

We have : cos( x  y ) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

 ch( x  y ) = chx chy  shx shy & ch2 x = ch2 x + sh2 x

ch2 x = 2 ch2 x − 1
1 1
ch x = ( ch2 x + 1)
2
sh x = ( ch2 x − 1)
2

2 2 ch2 x = 1 + 2 sh2 x
Similarly,
thx  thy 2 thx
th ( x  y ) =  th 2 x =
1  thx thy 1 + th2 x

Example:
Show that sh2 x = 2 shx chx
Solution:
R. H . S . = 2 shx chx
e x − e− x e x + e− x
=2 
2 2
e 2 x − e −2 x
=
2
= sh2 x = L. H . S .
3) Graphs of the Hyperbolic functions
Applications of Hyperbolic functions:

y = c + ch ( ax )

The most famous application is the use of hyperbolic

cosine to describe the shape of a hanging wire. It can be
proved that if a heavy flexible cable (such as a telephone
or power line) is suspended between two points.
4) Derivatives of the Hyperbolic functions
d
( shx ) = chx Proofs:
dx
d
( chx ) = shx d d  e x − e− x 
( shx ) =   =
e x + e− x
= chx
dx dx 
dx 2  2
d
( thx ) = sech2 x −1
dx d  1 
d
( ) = = ( shx )
d sechx   2
ch x
( cothx ) = − csch2 x dx dx  chx 
dx
1 shx = − sechx thx
=− 
d
( sechx ) = − sechx thx chx chx
dx
d
( cschx ) = − cschx cothx
dx
Examples:

y = ( 1 + sh e )  y = 4 ( 1 + sh e )
4 3
1) 3 5x 3 5x
 3 sh2e 5 x che 5 x  5e 5 x

( 1 + sh e )
3
 y = 60 e 5x 3 5x
sh2e 5 x che 5 x

2) (
y = log 2 3 + sech x )  y =
− sech x th x
( 3 + sech x )

1

1
2 x ln 2

3thx
3)  ch2 x dx = 3
thx 2
sech x dx =
3thx
ln 3
+ c

1 1  sh6 x 
 3 x dx =  ch6 x + 1 dx = +  + c
2
4) ch  x
2 2 6 

5)  thx dx = ln chx + c 6)  cothx dx = ln shx + c

 
−1
7) sechx dx = 2 tan ( e x
) + c OR tan −1 ( shx ) + c

Proof :
2 e x dx
 sechx dx =  e x + e− x dx = 2  ( e x )2 + 1 = 2 tan −1 x
e + c

1 chx dx chx dx
 sechx dx =  chx dx =
−1
= = tan ( shx ) + c
ch2 x 1 + sh x
2

8)  cschx dx = ln ( th( 2 )) + c
x

Proof :
1
 cschx dx = 
1
dx = dx =  2(
1
dx
shx x x
2 sh( 2 ) ch( 2 ) sh ( 2x ) 2
)ch ( ) x
ch ( 2x ) 2
1
sech 2 ( 2x )
=  2
x
th( 2 )
dx = ln th( 2) + c
x
Homework:

Exercise 7.7-page 468 No. 3 – 12, 16 – 19, 30 – 38, 57 – 60.