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Introduction-to-Python-Chapter-1-4-NumPy

The document introduces NumPy, a powerful library for numerical computing in Python, emphasizing its advantages over traditional Python lists, such as speed and ease of mathematical operations on arrays. It covers the creation of NumPy arrays, basic operations, subsetting, and basic statistics, including mean and standard deviation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data types in NumPy and provides examples of generating and analyzing data.

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emanuelmiranda236
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3 views

Introduction-to-Python-Chapter-1-4-NumPy

The document introduces NumPy, a powerful library for numerical computing in Python, emphasizing its advantages over traditional Python lists, such as speed and ease of mathematical operations on arrays. It covers the creation of NumPy arrays, basic operations, subsetting, and basic statistics, including mean and standard deviation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data types in NumPy and provides examples of generating and analyzing data.

Uploaded by

emanuelmiranda236
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NumPy

Introduction to Python

Hugo Bowne-
Anderson
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Lists Recap
• Powerful

• Collection of values

• Hold different types

• Change, add, remove

• Need for Data Science

o Mathematical operations over collections

o Speed
Illustration
height = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79]

height
[1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79]

weight = [65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]

weight
[65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]

weight / height ** 2

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'list'


and 'int'
Solution: NumPy

• Numeric Python

• Alternative to Python List: NumPy Array

• Calculations over entire arrays

• Easy and Fast

• Installation

o In the terminal: pip3 install numpy


NumPy
import numpy as np

np_height = np.array(height)

np_height
array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])

np_weight = np.array(weight)

np_weight
array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])

bmi = np_weight / np_height ** 2 bmi

array([21.85171573, 20.97505669, 21.75028214, 24.7473475 ,


21.44127836])
Comparison
height = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79]
weight = [65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]
weight / height ** 2

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'list'


and 'int'

np_height = np.array(height)
np_weight = np.array(weight)
np_weight / np_height ** 2

array([21.85171573, 20.97505669, 21.75028214, 24.7473475 ,


21.44127836])
NumPy: remarks
np.array([1.0, "is", True])

array(['1.0', 'is', 'True'], dtype='<U32')

• NumPy arrays: contain only one type


NumPy: remarks
python_list = [1, 2, 3]
numpy_array = np.array([1, 2, 3])

python_list + python_list

[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

numpy_array + numpy_array

array([2, 4, 6])

• Different types: different behavior!


NumPy Subsetting
bmi

array([21.85171573, 20.97505669, 21.75028214, 24.7473475 , 21.44127836])

bmi[1]

20.975

bmi > 23

array([False, False, False, True, False])

bmi[bmi > 23]

array([24.7473475])
Questions?
2D NumPy Arrays
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Hugo Bowne-
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Anderson
Type of NumPy Arrays
import numpy as np
np_height = np.array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])
np_weight = np.array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])

type(np_height)

numpy.ndarray

type(np_weight)

numpy.ndarray
2D NumPy Arrays
np_2d = np.array([[1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],
[65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])
np_2d

array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],


[65.4 , 59.2 , 63.6 , 88.4 , 68.7 ]])

np_2d.shape

(2, 5) # 2 rows, 5 columns


2D NumPy Arrays

np.array([[1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],


[65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, "68.7"]])

array([['1.73', '1.68', '1.71', '1.89', '1.79'],


['65.4', '59.2', '63.6', '88.4', '68.7']], dtype='<U32')
Subsetting

array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],


[ 65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])

np_2d[0]

array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])


Subsetting

array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],


[ 65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])

np_2d[0][2]

1.71

np_2d[0, 2]

1.71
Subsetting

array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],


[ 65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])

np_2d[:, 1:3]

array([[ 1.68, 1.71],


[59.2 , 63.6 ]])

np_2d[1, :]

array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])


Questions?
NumPy: Basic
Statistics
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Hugo Bowne-
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Anderson
Data analysis
• Get to know your data
• Little data ->simply look at it
• Big data -> ?
City-wide survey
import numpy as np
np_city = ... # Implementation left out
np_city

array([[1.64, 71.78],
[1.37, 63.35],
[1.6 , 55.09],
...,
[2.04, 74.85],
[2.04, 68.72],
[2.01, 73.57]])
NumPy
np.mean(np_city[:, 0])

1.7472

np.median(np_city[:, 0])

1.75
NumPy
np.corrcoef(np_city[:, 0], np_city[:, 1])

array([[ 1. , -0.01802],
[-0.01803, 1. ]])

np.std(np_city[:, 0])

0.1992

• sum(), sort(), ...


• Enforce single data type: speed!
Generate data
• Arguments for np.random.normal()
o distribution mean
o distribution standard deviation
o number of samples

height = np.round(np.random.normal(1.75, 0.20, 5000), 2)


weight = np.round(np.random.normal(60.32, 15, 5000), 2)

np_city = np.column_stack((height, weight))


Let's practice!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

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