GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11

MODULE 1 - FUNCTIONS (Quarter 1 – Week 1)

Grade Level Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of functions.
Most Essential Learning Competency:
- The learner represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise
functions.
- Evaluates a function.
- Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions
- Solves problems involving functions.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to accurately construct mathematical models
to represent real-life situations using functions.

INTRODUCTION
Function is defined as “a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to
exactly one element of the range.” In this chapter, we will represent real life situations using functions,
evaluate functions, perform operations on functions, determines the inverse of a function, find the
domain and range of inverse function and graphs inverse functions.

DISCUSSION

LESSON 1 REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTION

A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is the set of first coordinates. The
range is the set of second coordinates.
The set of ordered pairs below show the same relation. Each letter is paired with a number:
LETTER NUMBER
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E 5
F 6

{(A, 1), (B, 2), (C, 3), (D, 4), (E, 5), (F, 6)
The domain is {A, B, C, D, E, F} and the range is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Note that for each letter there
corresponds exactly one number. This is a special kind of relation called function.

A function is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly

one element of the range.

The members of the domain can be called inputs and the members of the range can be called outputs.
Arrows can be used to describe correspondence in the function.
LETTER NUMBER
A 6
B 5
C 4
D 3
E 2
F 1
 {(A, 1), (B, 2), (C, 3), (D, 4), (E, 5), (F, 6)

Example:

Determine if the given relations below are a function:

A. {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
Answer: The relation is a function.

B. {(1, -1), (1, -2), (1, -3)}

Answer: The relation is not a function. Because one domain corresponds to different element
of range.

A Vertical Line Test is a graph represents a function if and only if no vertical line
intersects the graph in more than one point.

Example:
Tell whether the graph shown below represents a function using a vertical line test.

Answer:
A. Using a vertical line test (red line), the graph
is a function. The vertical line intersected the
point once.

Answer:
B. Using a vertical line test, the graph is not a
function. The vertical line intersected the
point more than once.

What’s More!

Relations can be represented by using ordered pairs, graph, table of values, mapping diagram and rule
or equations. Determine which of the following represents functions.

1. Ordered Pairs
Example: Which of the following relations are functions?
𝑓 = (1,3), (4,1), (2,0), (7,2)
𝑔 = (3,2), (4,4), (3,3), (8,9)
ℎ = (1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)

The relations 𝑓 and ℎ are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but
Solution:

different y-values. Meanwhile, 𝑔 is not a function because (3,2) and (3,3) are ordered pairs with the same
x-value but different values.
Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements of the
domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this case, the relation or function is
represented by the set of all the connections represented by the arrows.

2. Table of values
 Example 1:
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Answer: Function. This is a many-to- one correspondence.

Example 2: x 1 1 1 2 3 4 5
y 0 2 3 4 5 6 7

Answer: Not a Function. This is a one-to-many correspondence.

 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
o Linear Function
- A function f is a linear function if f ( x )=mx+b , where m and b are real numbers, and m
and f(x) are not both equal to zero.
o Quadratic Function
- A quadratic function is any equation of the form f ( x )=ax 2+ bx+ c where a, b, and c are
real numbers and a ≠ 0.
o Constant Function
- A linear function f is a constant function if f ( x )=mx+b , where m = 0 and b is any real
numbers and a ≠ 0.
o Identity Function
- A linear function f is an identity function if f ( x )=mx+b , where m = 1 and b = 0. Thus,
f ( x )=x .
o Absolute Value Function
- The function f is an absolute value function if for all real numbers x,
x , for x ≥ 0
f ( x )=
−x , for x ≤0
o One-to-one Function
- A one-to-one function in which for each value of y in the range of f, there is just one
value x in the domain of f such that y=f ( x ) . In other words, f is one-to-one function if
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 ) implies x 1=x 2

Piecewise Function
- A piecewise function or a compound function is a function defined by multiple sub-
functions, where each sub-function applies to a certain interval of the main function’s

The function below is an example of piecewise functions.

x +2 , if x ≥ 0
A. f ( x )={ 2 }
− x +2 , if x< 0
Solution:
To the right of the y axis, the graph is a line that has a slope of 1 and y-intercept of 2. To the
left of the y-axis, the graph of the function is a parabola that opens downward and whose vertex is
(0,2). To sketch the graph of the function, you can lightly draw both
graphs.
- Then darken the portion of the graph that represents the function.
- To find the value of the function when x = -4, use the second
equation
2
f (−4 )=−(−4) +2
 ¿−16+2
¿−¿14

- To find the value of the function when x = 2, use the first equation.
f ( 2 )=2+2
=4

END OF THE LESSON

TRY THIS

Which of the following relations are functions?

_________ (a) f= (1,2), (2,2), (3,5), (4,5)

_________ (b) g= (1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,7)
_________ (c) h= (1,3), (2,6), (3,9)
_________ (d) i= (4,2), (0,9), (-4,-8), (4,5), (-1,-10)
_________ (e) j= (1,3), (2,4), (3,5), (4,6), (5,7)

Which of the following graphs can be the graphs of function?

 MODULE 1 - ACTIVITY 1
NAME: ___________________________________________________
GRADE/STRAND: _________________________________

Direction: Write your answer on the space provided before the number.
Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Give the domain and range of each relation.

__________ 1. {(1,3), (3, 4), (5, 6)}

__________ 2. {(2, 5), (2, 6), (6, 6), (5, 6)}
__________ 3. {(1, 2), (2, 1), (6, 5), (5, 6)}
__________ 4. {(9, 3), (9, 4), (9, 5)}
__________ 5. {(-1, 3), (1, 3 (3, -1)}

State whether or not each relation is a function.

__________ 6. __________ 7.
1

2 0

3 -1

__________8. __________ 9.

X 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y 6 5 4 3 2 1
__________ 10.
x 0 2 4 6 8 10
y 1 2 3 3 2 1 __________ 11.
x 1 2 3 3 2 1
y 3 6 9 12 15 18 __________ 12.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 __________ 13.
x 5 6 5 6 5 6
y 6 5 6 5 6 5 __________ 14.

__________ 15.
x 2 3 4 4 5 6
y 1 2 3 3 4 5