question solve

1 b (i)
The given code snippet is a while loop in C (or a similar language like C++). Let's break it down step
by step:

int i = 9;
while (i <= 7) {
printf("%d\n", i);
++i;
}

Explanation:
1. Initialization: int i = 9;
The variable i is initialized to 9 .
2. Condition: while (i <= 7)
The while loop checks if i is less than or equal to 7 . Since i is initialized to 9 , the
condition 9 <= 7 is false.
3. Loop Body:
The body of the loop ( printf("%d\n", i); ++i; ) will only execute if the condition is true.
Since the condition is false, the loop body is never executed.

Output:
The loop does not run even once because the condition i <= 7 is false from the start. Therefore,
nothing is printed, and the program simply exits.

Conclusion:
The output of the code snippet is nothing (no output).

2 b(ii)
Let's analyze the given code snippet step by step:

int i = 0;
do {
printf("%d\n", i);
++i;
if (i < 6) break;
} while (true);

Explanation:
 1. Initialization: int i = 0;
The variable i is initialized to 0 .
2. do-while Loop:
The loop will execute at least once because the condition is checked after the loop body.
3. Loop Body:
printf("%d\n", i);
This prints the current value of i .
++i;
This increments i by 1 .
if (i < 6) break;
If i is less than 6 , the break statement will terminate the loop.
4. Condition: while (true);
The loop is designed to run indefinitely because the condition is always true . However, the
break statement inside the loop ensures that the loop will exit when i < 6 .

Execution Steps:
First Iteration:
i = 0 (initial value).
printf("%d\n", i); prints 0 .
++i; increments i to 1 .
if (i < 6) break; checks if 1 < 6 , which is true, so the loop breaks.

Output:
The loop runs only once, and the output is:

Conclusion:
The break statement causes the loop to terminate after the first iteration, so the output is just 0 .

3 b(iii)
The given code snippet has a few issues that need to be addressed before it can be analyzed properly.
Let's break it down:

Issues in the Code:

1. Undeclared Variable p :
The variable p is used in the for loop, but it is not declared. In C, all variables must be declared
before they are used.
2. Missing Return Statement:
The main function is expected to return an integer value (typically 0 to indicate successful
execution).
Corrected Code:
Here’s the corrected version of the code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
for (int p = 8; p != 0; p--) {
printf("p = %d\n", p);
}
return 0;
}

Explanation:
1. Initialization: int p = 8;
The variable p is initialized to 8 .
2. Condition: p != 0
The loop continues as long as p is not equal to 0 .
3. Update: p--
After each iteration, p is decremented by 1 .
4. Loop Body: printf("p = %d\n", p);
This prints the current value of p .

Execution Steps:
The loop starts with p = 8 .
It prints the value of p and decrements p by 1 in each iteration.
The loop continues until p becomes 0 . When p = 0 , the condition p != 0 becomes false,
and the loop terminates.

Output:
The loop will print the values of p from 8 down to 1 . When p becomes 0 , the loop stops, so 0 is
not printed.

The output will be:

p = 8
p = 7
p = 6
p = 5
p = 4
p = 3
p = 2
p = 1
Conclusion:
The corrected code will print the values of p from 8 to 1 , and the output will be as shown above.

rest
Here are the answers to your questions with explanations and C programs:

2. (a) C Program to Check Whether a Number is Even or Odd

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

if (num % 2 == 0) {
printf("%d is even.\n", num);
} else {
printf("%d is odd.\n", num);
}

return 0;
}

Explanation:

• The program takes an integer input from the user.

• It checks if the number is divisible by 2 (num % 2 == 0).

• If true, it prints “Even,” otherwise, it prints “Odd.”

2. (b) Ternary Operator Explanation & Example

Explanation:

• The ternary operator (condition ? expression1 : expression2) is a shorthand for if-else.

• If the condition is true, expression1 executes; otherwise, expression2 executes.

Example Program Using Ternary Operator

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
 scanf("%d", &num);

(num % 2 == 0) ? printf("%d is even.\n", num) : printf("%d is odd.\n", num);

return 0;
}

• The ternary operator replaces if-else, making the code shorter.

3. (a) Types of Conditional Statements in C

C has the following conditional statements:

1. if Statement
2. if-else Statement
3. Nested if Statement
4. else-if Ladder
5. Switch Statement

Syntax and Examples:

1. if Statement

if (condition) {
// Code to execute if condition is true
}

Example:

if (age >= 18) {

printf("You are eligible to vote.\n");
}

2. if-else Statement

if (condition) {
// Code if condition is true
} else {
// Code if condition is false
}

Example:

if (marks >= 50) {

printf("Pass\n");
} else {
 printf("Fail\n");
}

3. Nested if Statement

if (condition1) {
if (condition2) {
// Code executes if both conditions are true
}
}

Example:

if (age > 0) {
if (age >= 18) {
printf("Adult\n");
}
}

4. else-if Ladder

if (condition1) {
// Code if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
// Code if condition2 is true
} else {
// Code if none of the conditions are true
}

Example:

if (marks >= 90) {

printf("Grade A\n");
} else if (marks >= 75) {
printf("Grade B\n");
} else {
printf("Fail\n");
}

3. (b) C Program to Find the Greatest Among Three Numbers

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a, b, c;
 printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c);

if (a > b && a > c) {

printf("%d is the greatest.\n", a);
} else if (b > c) {
printf("%d is the greatest.\n", b);
} else {
printf("%d is the greatest.\n", c);
}

return 0;
}

Explanation:

• The program reads three numbers.

• It compares them using if-else conditions and prints the largest.

4. (a) Rules for Declaring Variables in C

6. Variable names must start with a letter or _ (underscore).

7. They can contain letters, digits, and underscores but no spaces.
8. They cannot be a C keyword (e.g., int, return).
9. They are case-sensitive (age and Age are different).
10. They should be meaningful (e.g., totalMarks is better than t).

4. (b) C Program to Check the Sign of a Number

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

if (num > 0) {
printf("Positive\n");
} else if (num < 0) {
printf("Negative\n");
} else {
printf("Zero\n");
}

return 0;
}
Explanation:

• The program reads a number and checks:

• If num > 0, it’s positive.

• If num < 0, it’s negative.

• Otherwise, it’s zero.

4. (c) Basic Structure of a C Program

#include <stdio.h> // Header file for input/output functions

int main() { // Main function: Execution starts here

printf("Hello, World!\n"); // Output statement
return 0; // Indicates successful execution
}

Basic Structure Breakdown:

11. Preprocessor Directive ( #include <stdio.h>)

• Includes standard library functions (e.g., printf).

12. Main Function (int main())

• Every C program must have a main function.

13. Body ({})

• Contains statements inside {}.

14. Output Statement (printf())

• Displays output.

15. Return Statement (return 0;)

• Signals successful program completion.

This covers all your questions with explanations and examples. Let me know if you need any
modifications or further clarifications!🚀