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Origin

Chapter 7 discusses the origin of life on Earth, proposing various theories such as extraterrestrial origin, panspermia, divine creation, and life arising from nonliving matter. It outlines the development of early life forms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and highlights key characteristics of life, such as cellular organization, metabolism, and reproduction. The chapter also emphasizes unifying themes in life science, including evolution, energy flow, and the interaction between organisms and their environment.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views2 pages

Origin

Chapter 7 discusses the origin of life on Earth, proposing various theories such as extraterrestrial origin, panspermia, divine creation, and life arising from nonliving matter. It outlines the development of early life forms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and highlights key characteristics of life, such as cellular organization, metabolism, and reproduction. The chapter also emphasizes unifying themes in life science, including evolution, energy flow, and the interaction between organisms and their environment.

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bryan aviso
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CHAPTER 7: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE *For million years, coacervates, floated in the ocean,

joined together to from larger molecules. They reacted


The Concept of Life with each other, forming a more complicated structure
that could replicate which developed into a cell-like
Based on radioactive decay studies in rocks, it was
structure which eventually became “the first true cell”.
revealed that earth is around 4.5 billion years old,
1billion years older than the oldest fossil. Prokaryotes – organisms whose cells with no nucleus,
believed believe to be the first cells
Possible Explanations How Life Could Begun
Early Life Forms
1. Extraterrestrial origin – explains that life originated
from another planet outside our solar system. Life was Eubacteria – true bacteria, comprises most of the living
carried to Earth on a meteorite and colonized Earth. bacteria, even those that cause decay and diseases.

2. Panspermia – presumes that the “seed” of life exists Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria, rare bacteria found
all over the universe and can be propagated through mainly in hostile.
space, Life on earth originated from those seed.
Cynanobacteria – photosynthetic bacteria that brought
3. Divine Creation – many people believe that life was oxygen to the atmosphere.
put on Earth by divine forces.
Eukaryotes – larger than prokaryotes, contains true
4. Origin from the nonliving matter – life arose from nucleus and complicated internal structure.
inanimate matter after the Earth has cooled. Scientists
said that random events probably produce stable Plants and Fungi – first living things to populate the
molecules that could self replicate. Then, natural surface of the land.
selection favored changes in the rate of reproduction
which led to first cell. Mycorrhizae – unique mutualistic relationship between
plants and fungi.
Stanley Miller – American chemist who recreated the
early conditions of Earth to show how organic molecules Scorpions – first terrestrial animals to live on land.
are formed, together with Harold Urey.
Amphibians – the first vertebrates on land.
*Water was heated and the water vapor mixed with
Characteristics of life
Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen, Ammonia,
and Methane. The mixture of gases was sparked with Cellular organization – all cells have the same basic
electricity to stimulate lightning. Within days, a dark structures.
mixture containing Amino acid was formed.
 Membrane – encloses the cell and controls the
Amino acid – building blocks of protein materials that move in and out of the cell.
 Cytoplasm – internal fluid where organelles are
Other Organic Materials formed on similar
suspended.
experiment:
 Nuclues- that contains hereditary genes called
 RNA and DNA nucleotides DNA
 Lipids
Metabolism – chemical processes that maintain the
 Carbohydrates
living state of an organism.
 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Homeostasis – maintaining stable internal condition.
How did the life form?
Reproduction – involves transfer of genetic information
*Formation of the tiny spheres of lipids may have been
from parents to offspring.
the first stage in the origin of the cell.
 Asexual – produces offspring that are genetically
Lipids – comprise cell membrane, which separates the
identical to a single parent.
cell from the environment.
 Sexual – involves two parents contributing
Coacervate – bubbles that formed when lipids are genetic information to produce a unique
mixed with water. offspring.
Heredity – the transmission of characteristics from
parent to offspring.

 DNA – (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains code that


dictates the information on how an organism will be.

Unifying Themes in life Science

Levels of organization - there is hierarchy of increasing


complexity within cells from molecular level of DNA, to
Organelle level, to Cellular level.

The Flow of Energy – energy is used by organisms to


grow and do work, flow of energy among organisms
helps determine how organisms interact within their
environment.

Evolution – theory of evolution helps explain how


organism came into existence, it explains why organisms
look the way they do and how organisms of the past are
related to the organisms alive today.

Charles Darwin – proposed the theory of evolution by


natural selection, which presumes that organisms with
more favorable traits would be more likely to survive and
reproduce.

 Adaptation – organisms’ ability to adapt and to


have favorable traits to survive in certain
environment.

Interacting Systems – living things are interacting with


each other and with the environment.

Structure and Function - within the many kinds of


organisms in the living world, body structure seem to be
carefully designed to carry out their function.

Ecology – organisms need the physical environment to


survive, the stability of the environment in turn, depends
on the healthy functioning of organisms in that
environment.

Science and Society – knowledge from biological


science can be applied to specific problems in the
society to improve human life.

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