Scribd
Upload
9 views27 pages

Lecture 2

The document provides an introduction to digital image processing, defining an image and discussing methods of image acquisition and enhancement techniques. It distinguishes between bitmap and vector images, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it covers concepts such as sampling, quantization, and the Nyquist Rate in relation to image quality and processing.

Uploaded by

ams2010sams2010s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views27 pages

Lecture 2

The document provides an introduction to digital image processing, defining an image and discussing methods of image acquisition and enhancement techniques. It distinguishes between bitmap and vector images, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it covers concepts such as sampling, quantization, and the Nyquist Rate in relation to image quality and processing.

Uploaded by

ams2010sams2010s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Digital Image Processing

Assoc. Prof. Mina Ibrahim


Lecture 2
INTRODUCTION
Image and Picture
 An image is a single picture which represents
something.

 It may be a picture of a person, of people or


animals, or of an outdoor scene, or a
microphotograph of an electronic component,
or the result of medical imaging.

 Two very popular methods of producing a


digital image are with a digital camera or flat
bed scanner.
What is image processing?
 Image processing involves changing the nature
of an image in order to either

1. improve its pictorial information for human


interpretation,
2. render it more suitable for autonomous machine
perception.

 Digital image processing involves using a


computer to change the nature of a digital
images.
Examples of Image Enhancement

Sharpening
Examples of Image Enhancement

Removing noise
Examples of Image Enhancement

Removing the blur


Examples of Image Enhancement

Finding edges
Examples of Image Enhancement

Contrast Stretching
Examples of Image Enhancement

Image negation
Examples of Image Enhancement

Alter appearance
Image Acquisition Devices

1. CCD (charge coupled device) Camera.


Image Acquisition Devices

2. Flat bed scanner:


Image Acquisition (Sampling and Quantization)
Image Acquisition (Sampling and Quantization)

 How many samples to take?


 How many gray-levels to store?
Image Acquisition (Sampling and Quantization)
 How many samples to take?

The Nyquist Rate:


Samples must be taken at a rate
that is twice the frequency of
the highest frequency
Image Acquisition (Sampling and Quantization)
 How many gray-levels to store?
Digital Images
Still or static images.
They can be combined to create interesting applications, like:
Panoramic photography (Panoramas)

Segmented panoramas, also called stitched panoramas, are made by


joining multiple photographs with slightly overlapping fields of view to
create a panoramic image.
Types of Image

• Bitmap Image

• Vector Image
Bitmap Images
 The most common and comprehensive form of storage for
images on computers is bitmap image.
 Bitmap uses combination blocks of different colors (known
as pixels) to represent an image. Each pixel is assigned a
specific location and color value.
 There are also called pixelized or raster images
 Software to edit bitmapped graphics are :
 Adobe Photoshop
 Paint Shop Pro
Bitmap Images
 Look more deeply to digital image
Bitmap Images
 Look more deeply to digital image

Consists of a set of pixels


Has height and width (dimensions)
The pixels have a bit depth
Bitmap Images
• Advantage
• Can have different
textures on the drawings;
detailed and
comprehensive.
• Disadvantage
• Large file size.
• Not easy to make
modification to
objects/drawings.
• Graphics become "blocky"
when the size is
increased.
Vector Image
 Vector images are based on drawing elements/objects to
create an image.

 The elements and objects are stored as a series of


command that define the individual objects.

 Packages that allow to create vector graphics include :

 Macromedia Freehand MX
 Macromedia Flash MX
 Adobe Illustrator
Vector Image
Vector Image
Advantage
• Small file size.
• Maintain quality as the size
of the graphics is
increased.
• Easy to edit the drawings
as each object is
independent of the other.

Disadvantage
• Objects/drawings cannot
have texture; it can only
have plain colors or
gradients ; limited level of
detail that can be
presented in an image.
Digital Images

You might also like