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Computer Assignment. 1

The document outlines key components of computer systems, including the CPU, I/O devices, RAM, and ROM, detailing their functions and uses. It also describes computer networks, comparing star and ring topologies, and explains the difference between IP addresses and domain names. Additionally, it lists the seven layers of the OSI network model, highlighting their roles in data transmission and communication.

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skazwemarie
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3 views

Computer Assignment. 1

The document outlines key components of computer systems, including the CPU, I/O devices, RAM, and ROM, detailing their functions and uses. It also describes computer networks, comparing star and ring topologies, and explains the difference between IP addresses and domain names. Additionally, it lists the seven layers of the OSI network model, highlighting their roles in data transmission and communication.

Uploaded by

skazwemarie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF LILONGWE

SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

COURSE TITLE: COMPUTER APPLICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BBA 225

TO: BOB MKANDAWIRE

FROM: MARIE M SKAZWE

ASSIGNMENT: 1

DUE DATE: 21/03/2025


TASK 1: Computer System Components

 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the "brain" of the computer. It executes
instructions from programs.
o How it's used:
 Fetching: The CPU retrieves instructions and data from memory
(RAM).
 Storing: The CPU stores the results of operations back into memory or
registers.

 Input/Output (I/O) Devices: These are the devices that allow the computer to
interact with the outside world.
o How they're used:
 Input Devices: They send data and instructions to the computer (e.g.,
keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone).
 Output Devices: They receive data from the computer and present it
to the user (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).

 RAM (Random Access Memory): It is a type of volatile memory that the computer
uses to store data and instructions that are currently being used. "Volatile" means that
the data is lost when the power is turned off.
o How it's used:
 Active Storage: The operating system, applications, and data that are
actively in use are loaded into RAM.
 Fast Access: RAM allows the CPU to quickly access data, which
speeds up processing.
 Temporary Storage: RAM is not used for long-term storage. Data is
typically saved to a storage device (like a hard drive) when you want to
keep it permanently.
 ROM (Read-Only Memory): It is a type of non-volatile memory that stores data
permanently. "Non-volatile" means the data is retained even when the power is off.
o How it's used:
 Firmware: It can store firmware, which is software that controls
hardware devices.
 Permanent Data: ROM is used to store data that should not be
changed.

TASK 2: Computer Networks

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and


share resources, such as data, applications, and hardware.

Compare and Contrast Two Network Topologies

1. Star Topology

 Structure: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch.


 Advantages:
o Easy to install and manage.
o Failure of one device does not affect others.
 Disadvantages:
o If the central hub fails, the entire network goes down.
o Requires more cable than some other topologies.

2. Ring Topology

 Structure: Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a circular pathway
for data.
 Advantages:
o Data travels at high speeds due to the circular pathway.
o Easy to identify faults within the network.
 Disadvantages:
o A failure in any single device can disrupt the entire network.
o Difficult to troubleshoot.

Difference between IP Address and Domain Name

 IP Address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device on a network, used


for identifying and locating devices. While a Domain Name is a human-readable
address that corresponds to an IP adress. It is easier for users to remember than
numerical IP addresses.

The 7 OSI Network Layer Model

1. Physical Layer: Transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium (cables,
switches).
2. Data Link Layer: Provides node-to-node data transfer, error correction, and flow
control (Ethernet).
3. Network Layer: Manages data routing and forwarding, logical addressing (IP).
4. Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer, segmentation, and reassembly (TCP,
UDP).
5. Session Layer: Manages sessions between applications, establishing, maintaining,
and terminating connections.
6. Presentation Layer: Translates data formats, encryption, and compression for
application layer .
7. Application Layer: Interfaces with end-user software applications, providing
services such as email .

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