Physics Ipe Notes
Physics Ipe Notes
® ~"df - . ,
r,-E-xplmn
-· I< P~lncq,1, Of Nuclear fueh:;t aiul i!s Wlhbllfj w, /h d,"f (Jf() l
Mu/ear- fcW:tlf is a devl(f! Ph. wJvbh. Coh/toJkcl, -ftsston chain J1ed'on
Wes plcue- 1he eMenho.l. porl-s a{ NudeJU' j,eat/r.r Me
z'. Nlllkar Fi.tel 11: M ~ , - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -
.,
i ·' w. Con/fol Jtocb.. t'v. ~Jani ·
j~
· V• pYotecive. 8heJI.
;. NUclet.W FLLt.l !
11 ------ l!J /1
• qz l
35
i
is Yll1,cteo,Y -fuel 1,t5ecJ
• 7-b rs seal.ed ,zh lo,, N.mttu . ff10JC11~t
-· • _ ,,. :. .f..., dofP!l !asJ .fis_sfor> _nwftor.,s _,_ 1y1oderrf ._J..S J.~ eJ .__ _
701 ~low
·" ' Gr'>'aphi'~ and _hew,,;J_ uKJey are Commcwfj W>,Jd lrllxl.rfrq;/uys .
Ju'ndfc elletJ:J 'h> /,,come -I!,~ neultom . -r/iue n,,J,on,, a;:e capt,t,d.
by which C{JIY'l/a oul- ..fts,1011 J,eo.c#on,
U"'
· llJ c,;,'!J umltol ,;odt, Jrs;t/JY/ ?'eacilon (an be {onbv/J,d • m' heal:
~M fn f!u:s procw ,:s t~ed .,fu pY1u:hlce s,karn -~ pa.5l•j
~ - 1/i,~ skatr> is tw'd Ji, 'lo/ale -lwthMe -M p,vJu.d/or,
of ele.cb?t pow& .
# uses~
1• tv c;rr,e9ill-e elec&c pmi10¥
i,', +,, Jt-ve,/,,d-ly beam of neubnns -fa; ---jl,e,i; vse•
P1"t'b1€tru~
<'i, -~
1udiutn
L -
w:-w,_,• -
We of- "!'diam ,', ifoo )/""' Hae nwJ, ./-irn e d.oa _j
f o ·,eaw.e h u•,~..,18
• .,-.c " · '
/4(j 0
1 o/-
Soi
- : IIv
- ft ,ven
,
:.:= -:::;n
I l
T'"' I 600 vears
{ No L )
- ________ __.___ _ _ --- --- __ !!__~-~-, ~~?__/
(J
No"' i'j
• Q:J/5-" -;. 9 /n ~3) No, of- ~/f tV,~ --
Je£8.)J.S J.
I .,
f} - - TO . 232. oJ-
No ( 1 )25
32 N'D =- 2 T ==.>
5= 2s
-T ,-,,'~ T=- 5 dw~
-l, , _
1::: ~htd.- 1s &hoac~'vi~ S~ le- the law of <tackcc1ch've dec1 she1,c +hal
. 1+ fs erxponenh'aL ?1() na,kLtt? '!
A-118: ?he spmlan~ emlssihn of- c<1 fi - and r/ :1ac£cd,tm s 1's called -,,ac/inc-llv1~ ·
trtetl~ it rs seen 1'n b1 nuJew. wb e al• no~ 1's J.Mf K -Jhan rg6 ·
•~., of rrad,vadw
1h12 1a:k of- ch's,'~ntWon of a,./omJ at d.J'}/ Jlme &'1/ec-'!J. profll#ortd
?'S
to +he numl,ey 4 ,radioactive • pteJfnt 1~ sam~e af %,,f -hme.
(.e) [-dN
dt
,;. NJ--(•) No
' ~W>ab'caL ~~nJ- a{ ~:
• At l;::o, NLtmhe¥ of 'tatlloa&ve ct:hm, pteu:n~
,'n so.mp'e
he No N __ ,
suppose at ft'me t-t', Nu.,mher of- ro.dJoadv~ aloms ,
=J,,
o
-f-D of NJJ,badi1ve -
-~ d..N ==? &·::-- ~'f; -(2) (117 deca;,·~M)
dt:-- N · 0
: ~ e 1i ob1' erxpotle),+ra/ lw .
'3Q: Define mw clehd ancl B,rdi, Metj:/ ? How btnJ"') ene,yJ G.c\ ve
tiJfl-h mt½ rJo. ?
At\5 :• Ma/6 Med-: The dJ-fference lxJween aduol mcw -qf nudeUJ atd
Sum o{ 11-R of- the Md VJ pr~enf ?'nf If·
AM -= Zmp-r (A-z)m,, -M
' BlncL·~ en'1H; -rlie mn,ir!u curuwJ oj enery-y re<VVred -Iv sp!Il-
+he. YlUC kw 'l'nfo /.ts Co :h'·/uerJ- nucleom ,
6E::. 6MC 2 = [ Z ~t(A-z)n?n -Mnidt11,JC'L
, sid,n;.l',tanc e:
/ t· Mai€ Pc>•E, mare S¾biUtJ , 2· Nackor Jrss1bri , 3. Nudear ,k,cr, ,
Proklmi:
3
4 '
J
[ LoNG-, AN SWER., TYPE ~VESTION~ Mot-10-ABDUL- -SALE Etvi s ~rnl
PhJD, (Bio - P1fJ:.IC5)
I · Cutrent Eled1,'d~ ph .tJo ; -t'11Blf~ 526 4- 3 -14
1, Shie k1,cM10fH,· llk~,c;· - I ,_•
®
11 . 1., . .L · 1
Canc11 nvl'J 7d f)auwu nq 1-~ r_;ar,s e.
Jj
U-5''ff
J ,
TN~ c~cr.u ce
I
illf
(3i,,~e / . . d )
L
C
==->f-:: °r<-;fR.).,
E
JI
/dheci&shm€. b1J1/ :
• 11;- 1's a cirt»it wed h:, ~W'e (UW.llaiel:J an untt10IJ)f) le.&~-
. 1he b11t Aa.1 J,,,., R.u,sJu,,s fl,, R,, R.., 10i. ·
• A<,ross ~ - po/7'
r .L /
l~ eo,.neueu- caJlea lU onm
o/I
.
dia.aaiallu oppo.sl-le polnls
d--~.~ J_
&Jlttf/
SOO/C€ . c\:J~(\-
i
,,,
1
't
;;\jzi.\<.,
o
1
"
From ef 1
u> f (2 )
i , R, _ R.>
ie;-~,
, Hence pMve4 .
J.J_:; & -<2)
h R.4-
. . Sic.tie 4fa liJO.?l-. 117 rJi j()C,p lt' c/
pc ·i enfromt ler ,7
· Cl ) (OJl7fCIY,Sil: 1) cf [ m-{ '.$ of _/.iit· . ( eil~
b) IL )Jik:tiJW' <:: m/t',')n(J l tJ,c,fcl,nlf? of (ell
ltrh · • A polelrliomelet Is a device wed to a,ccwtl~G{y ?rle(JJO.te -!he 6-rn ·f O{.
VoH°ff_e Source belu,een .l;i,o polo-ls in a elec.frical cftcui h t,-.J;/fiou/ dlawl'J
cm:} -from Cttcui l ·
..tJnot,
CWrYenf
Ptrlncipk ; cc When a ConBlo.nt eu,rtent ,s f<J.JJed Cl wire of f.J)r~NYJ
J
J
1
.u.vo 86~ . V
: PJzeoud/onA ;
1• ihe Jocko/ sbuld be
?10~ ~eJ. alim.J ./he wire.
2. A-If ~'rf shouU . he wi#iovl- parrttllat. ()JdoY
I-<"- ..J
• ,n,e, cell Whose inwnal l"el,/.s14fJ(f,(r;
J_I_ r {· ~W~I
(,
Is ti he de·ltJlm,~d Js Cc,,nec~
OO'bSS rwistonce bot 11n-oug h ktJ 'k{
1.tL~#
fl R,_ Al-
:!- !:J._,·
R. 11,
• 7~'8 ~;s ~eMloo -fot- 1rianal 1tbJs-lance
of cell-
P-tem.ith'ons:
· i • 1he.Joe~ shouk:1 71o{- ~e ~ed. ak':J iii~ wire.
2. All · -Hie crwl,'rtf .&lwtdtL Utt1 tAJi#XJiJ, pa,a,llox error.
® c,btw'o +e ~&510(!1 fr( ·h ,,leM'shnce . (anneclecl [IMP · 4ffl au€.sh'on_]
a) 1h seJrieJ
bJ in pU'fcilld ·
EJf• Wave.s ;
3) Whit- ts /x,fl>IEI' s h; H ? oblu111 CLl'l i::iP"''"'n {C'i appait nt -fre"!"'°',1
of .SOLtr>cl Nt1l:f\ source ,'s __02_mcfic,n and Ob') ~~wer at {(t,H- ?
: \ 11' IJofpler shit f, 71ie fi-uwmenon cf appr,vren/- chonje -In --fre.suWfj ri-
SO<Jhc:1 due ?'elalive rmoJlon hdween source anJ chseJTvet 1'S Doppler~
Tue BJ,ilf- In -freJUeYCJ 15 caJkd ru ooppkr shiff ·
1
• Af- t=-01 Sown:e eroi+s ~s-1- sound wave 14--Vs T---"~ L··v:;r .;tt~ t) w , ·
-and 7 eache.s ohseJrver at time t:, ,: : · .L
V
• At t_ =_T., 90(,(tCe eroi-k 2'1,J sowJ wcwe anJ 7.eacjleJ. ObSeM'et" al-
1:2 = T-+ L·-YsT
' 1he -time 1nteJ>v··CU1 LI ·- ... J..
~ll/JolNCLVei,l'S - v
,'== 1=2 -t-1 = T-t L-VsT _ J:.
V
¥-~ -¥,
V
:: T·-t
obse.wu-,
/
Expiu11Q,, -II~'. -fc.~rna'7c:n C:f .s'fcttiertny ii.'fWe 1n @
) cpCI) pip<:. @.1clo':.ecl fi/,t .
l)e~ive -H,~ eg ualim 1irr -fct •fre-1ut~1 m @ Of1n @) cloS<J _pipe
1k (a) open prpt ! Bofh ./he enrk of- plpe (Jre (fUI · 1he ·epen erJ hehoNa
.ftee. end fut -/he ciJ's~ t, so (l)tt{note Is fotmed.
• J.Jhen a sOWld ktlNe. Is sent M .JJrx,f or
pipe) -Hie WGWe 51ets
?efleckd at -Hie errh 4 -!he plpe. -1hde
,nc1cknl- anr1 7t+hukd 'wOJ1es
Supelf01pose ard fo1im a lonffudiool s+ctl-io~ wave.·
o~n p1fE :,
i) ~w,diimental -fre._;1,ue11CJ ~r) Frrs+ .HaJimonic:
.).~~-=> ~,::=21
2
Eli] V
• ~uen'j of vibialion v, =-}, -;> ')),-= 21
• Nod£ .ftN-,, AnH-NoJe..
I ii) Fh'sl- overffl!e (01) Seeond Ha»moni~:
A~ \ J
• J.== 2
=> :\= g_
2
@ closel pipe : one end. of pipe is clase.d cwd o&r end ,s fJ/)l'JJ . the
open end
'1,#,e,,
a.& (Jl!/{na/e ar,d close erJ aJ 'l1tKk ·
.LJ~ •1 ~ •~4
• 111 = J...
/11
-:>
L
~I
41
=41
,., ~ 1: Y-)
·
4.,t
• ,M~
\ I I
rJ
• 1== "? A~= 4~
\ I '-- 5
00
~ s~'.e~ wi .$br'eb-~ ~_trf~s
w 1,1.$ ln'\S~e,( tWO py,ressive w~ves "I Jame ()..Wlru'f;wle,, ttnd. t<JMele¥,,lti
._w ~lo~ Jbrehl;«I $l0'i b"J '.•
iN, "fr,/fo
.l,,\,.,iuh,,
faf <,,;"" I"''.. "..J \""' (}. t w •""' "J "'°"'' "''
1:/;, q)
··. Iv~ 2f
• Cfhe ve,[ou4j Of t Y'ttnS Ver$ e l,l?O. Ve ,~ str/ng g
t
v~ /j
'V -::: y_
\rr
A
,'. Vs ---
L ---
[:. v~Jt
2. l N
• , (\j
)oJ 1-
. Cf
to= '8·85 x1f' 2 F/11M and J.-.:::
47'~ qx,o - (1·
4 l"">er1vc? _ (l/1 expn~,~slcn -:fui d(J Cb1c., m1t:11s, IJ of ded:nc ·:helci ci~~J a ud
L1(} f! 0-j ctn ie.l.ecbic cLJpo/E ?
l\D:.. ~Ide+- an elec&i c cl,poJe. Lel- 'p)
1 K
'=Net-- g_
=- £;~ - ~A - 4it£o
g_ _ ( Q Ii 29.<t X r )
E - _
41\fc " cr 1
--w-J1- ./
E = 2Pr r ... ,
L • p = 23.½
4J\£o (r~QL) l-
2P
,1 r 7 7 a i f E ==- 4Jrfo j
r 3
CH1i·w CLpn'.ii1on icY dee hie lnknsd~ c,{ d~c bk --heicl ak'fl() t<jucLbwJ plan:-
04 cm eLechJ'c. ct;de
E= p . 4 r7> a
4A'to r~ I
(.. O\:IJive an eguabon tcr couple cu:hrx; on eled,,c ctf'"ie in vrufum E: :/i,:IJ ?
(j;;qo• I 1111Q1:; PE
f-
1 &z 0° , 1m,n:. Zero
(&' .
d. PES/n0· de
A
aw " pEstne · c/.& IN•
i -f] OY j V
Red swf!-: .When 50urce ,s 'mM'"J awo..y -From -lhe obs~ iJXJ>Je.-kr(}
em·-Hed ?nCi'eOJe& • -die specbum al ~'a.Hor, -/,om Soune of- 1,8M shi#-
l;u~ !kdeild·
l-~-~-=-+_t_B___,
0~
,\''\/
8kte shiff, when -!lie_ So= 18 movlrJ -/-1,e obsei~ ~e -~
dtuw1?J. ¾ spec/i.m of 'lodtalm -tt'om Sllun:e e/ 4}/d- sh,!h .liwtm/." , o/
encl . [AA= - %>-l (_,~
Cw~hi- _Ek~h-k,+y J
I )._ Dt\ivr CU1 t:-xpreY:.10Y) rfcy ~~J:fa--hv~ ?'tW,fanteA Lvhen -Hrree, Y0> 1s-kl()( (J_
CtX''2 Cunnec~lJ ,() 5:>€,\JfA cu'tl pd-r(!l/d '
0 '
.
l
.
_2 =- 1, -r 72. -t-2> -t 1-=-=----
. I
chctlJQ\ ~ cl rvc~ nSinf I '1
r:1 stale cuJ e¥iun filot - f;q\l((rfs Im()?
11w 1n-kdfm al a. polnf dP.t h a srmJl eleme,,t- oJ-#,e cw,,e/>t
C<Ptf1 _ermd.clrx ,'.s df.Mc1} f"W"i'-lfonol io y,·
, . cuwwf 4la.oi~
0
C&ocfuclor dJ r P
If· l~#i of Cl.fdeni- eikmeh I--
ill, Sine a.{ .at'f be!-ww, Cu!)Y'em ekment" po~iHon vecb-. .
orJ (s inversl~ pml""fl,n,J to sguare of -!lie d,i;-lonce of' -/f,e poln!,, i0111 elWJerJ
;.e. •dB<1.i
1
.Jsixdl • Js<Xslrie • d0~f,.
d.811.. 1°dLslne
/Jo -1
.L- = Jo
-4-A
slak w1:I expk1m Amf€¥ti:s kU-O?
-MJ 13' akw a c/oJd.
14. 15
slnlemenl-: 'Pie llne trJr,rJ
o{ a. 7110f/n&c CIV'W'
e9oal lb po -limes met CU®J 'i' encloseJ. ''
,:e{~ s.Ji= fl•,;....J .
£~: Cmlk/er a. d&eJ curve err:loimf/ camn!s i., ;., i,, 1+ a.& showri
I O f O • ,~
7nd--= 7r+ 1+- 7.s-Z.2 i4ahfl1+'· Jiraton ru'tve €r @ 6J
J; 0•+•
:. ~g.dl~ flo?~e}- ,, ·
B· (2A°r)""" po>'
I
, 6) .!Jhctl- ClfcJ /xLJ 1c., {ony;vrc:nk o{ cgcicltcn ? Menb~n d:5 ~0i
7
r;., VQ(tWY> cltiMher.: Dees Clle end,o5ed ,'n a va..caun chamber lo mlnim1'2e
ColL'Mon hdween Ions and ai'r •
1
·- p;
11 lhf, ½~e111;J D.ICi//aJt_t! DeJ! are. emnerJed 1. ff.® - o, .
5otmre : A SOUtrol a{ ,on ,5 lJCJJJeJ ?telVi ·-Jk
t.il t-
G
.
1-· [).,~1v<2 an ~<!_MiOn -~ J,· di .. .
w~ c.oru r1et, _ 'Y lvt(ff? G P:' mom~ c+ re 1~kh1y c- ?
;:- _/ _ Oil e ; Perfi,Nnlng vn1l01m druJou ?no1ion OJotlfk/ .
?UJ.OWJ • :I+S -h'me pe1ioc(/,/ r's· T= . V
2.iY! -O) ,{
• el.ec¼e- (l)WP»l e _.. _ 1= -ev
-·-· ,. - --=-
0_ G v- (7 )
7 QlfY'
B= po,· i/
J-lr;: c " P'J
t,
l_flecbic f_okn_h'al Clhd (qfttcikm:r J
1<1 Dl!liive an e'xprekSi'c n -fc-r C<fi,ufcil?ce 0-f f-F1£dld rJa-le
Ar;!>.' cmu1du Lo p"2leJ fwH;f area '.4' pin.ad pflt&ei
etAd>M#,f.,1, '
rY _ J•
2D · obhttn €Xf}f<%1on -fut eapadbs CbnnedeJ i'r) a) s0110 b) pw-all'1 ?
c1 C.2. C..5
V, q_
z:.
c,
J V2 .:: 9. . V, :::- j_ ah~ V.::
c~; v c3
9t) -Hien v
V-::.:
s.. Cit
v, tV2+V;3 ~> c.:::. 9. ~+ g_
C2, (3
I
C
C.
c,
J_ -t- _I +J_
C;i C3
IA!-
r• -
g
2,C /o
2
/
61
f wz _§.::
{ · · 2G
0-Y cv2. 2 (Jf ;_
I
j
'livs VtllML ls s-beJ In -!he !oUn of- poknh'al enu9y.
Abns]
Z:3) l~rif-e G sh:1~ :rdt: Cf) {); -h)(_?[Le~ E',l.pki_rx.i:h'cn a{ ?.''a pos-fu{a~e?
Bchr:s
1k seeord po&bWt of sohr:s Stt;js -fhaJ 11 an8ul<.W momentim Qj C
4nl!
w.i.11:7 ewow,/ riud,,,; I~ guan-/i,./. ,, ,•,,. L
'lnvrz j .
Accotdt':J.. .h De-1:f', -fie ?novi'/j e- Is /lliouw,,l !JJiih a wa,,e_ af i-lor!,
fl..{) fn (rtuL'rLS) :
' me't
~-E: ----i
8f/·n2-h),.
0 I
J '.fii) Potenbol eneriJl:
P,E:z -e"
4'lf6'r -x-x- ah 'fl 7{JCJ'{'_tl.JeJ
f>o P- a{ e ttJCY'ftl&e.J ,
p.. r:.: - me~
4eo'nl-h
Total tneryJ ;:- klneilc en°lJ t poknllal £no/}J
T,E :2
me 1 . me 'f
eEc);J.n)-h J.. 4 Ec 2 nl-h
_rne 1 ¾ 1/ete 111r ,,,J,c,,ie1. e- ls
E :=
g Ea" n'-h l- bound .lo r;tUcle.w •
~). t=xrkun ctfrerer~ J[jru lV 5 f( Cfta/ w ,ei j &}})!~ .IJJl:•l}jJ rJj fj -!::fc.d'(l/1'() : .... _~
•
-
')) t! i' R
( ,
11 - J_ r·
fl," J; n2 ;: 2, 3; 4. . . .
• if -- J_?t -_ R (..L
21. -L)
h/ 1' "",,,-= ;i;
"4) 5·r . . . .
"3) E_cudien SaA~; (IR.) 4) s1o.ckdt- SeJiJ~ : (:r fl) 5) Piu.nd Se>.l~ .. (1 ~J
25) wha.~ ate. Lmiltth'o~ of Cl) &hts model b) ·rl>cm!>o() c) illfhtj-,hJ
'mock/ o.f an alnm .'
~: @ 0cJhfl5 ?ntx1e/ :
l • AppliWM. Jo SlmpfeA4 ak~ }; liFf!.en
t. diJ. TIO} MtJ -JJ..,. alx,J
oJ ekdron. . - .
3· did 'Ila./- eijktn w~ o'y,/;k IJll! dtwliiu- .k,i ell,pft<al o~l,ih.. ote ~,b~
4 • CPtdJ 'no/- +n
'phenomenon Sud> aJ zeeman and stc»'k. ~cJ. ·
5 · couJJ 11oJ +n -phe s~uc:hwe 9pedral .h'nPJ In >wT ahm .
® thotrUltl m~el ;
6• 1 f- Cou11 11Qt- &xpkln spe&al Jin~ and .1.pedtal Se>Je.b af-
d,iferenl- akrru •
©~tis~:
1· 46 the e- 'teJJol.;J?i · QJ'ound 'nU()~ ,s atce1MJ·1 , 1'tdi°ia of- i~
01,M s/.wu/J J.ec,d!e Cmll,·ooi<&' on-1 1,mlfj sl,,,,U rffillf I.rill, r1ark4
1wJ is '>W &«lbllitY .fe-;, ~.fo.{11 <ma:JeJ • .
'J · As -fhe1e ,'s Conh'nloL<S ~ah,t') el €1leruJ !ot ...Jh€. e-~ -Plie.
anm 6hrulJ emil- Conlil'JIWJ s~c&m .. M an ah,m emrls. itM
Spelhwv, .
.II