Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

S. B. JAIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, NAGPUR.

Practical No. 04

Aim: Analysis of frequency response and verification of

resonant frequency of series R-L-C circuit.

Name of Student: Ashish Barapatre

Roll No.: CS24125
Semester/Year: 2nd semester, 1st
Academic Session: 2024-25
Date of Performance:03/03/2025
Date of Submission:11/03/2025

Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur. 1

 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)
AIM: Analysis of frequency response and verification of resonant frequency of series R-L-C
circuit.

OBJECTIVE/EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME:

The objectives and expected learning outcome of this practical are:
• To analyze the frequency response of resonant frequency for series R-L-C circuit.
• To verify the resonant frequency for series R-L-C circuit.

APPARATUS:

Sr. No Name of Apparatus Rating/Type Quantity

1 Resistor 1 kΩ 01
2 Inductor 0.3 mH 01
3 Capacitor 0.32 µF 01
4 Ammeter (0-1000) mA 01
5 Function Generator 3MHz 01
6 Connecting wires Standard As per requirement

THEORY:

In series RLC circuit, impedance Z= √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶)2 , current and phase angle are
given by:
V (XL−XC)
I= and Φ = tan−1
Z R

If the frequency of the signal fed to such a series circuit is increased from minimum, the
1
inductive reactance (XL = 2𝛑fL) increases linearly and the capacitive reactance (XC = )
2πfC

At resonant frequency i.e. fr:

1) Net reactance, X = 0 (i.e.𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶)

2) Impedance of circuit is minimum and it is purely resistive (R) in nature.

3) Current I through the circuit is maximum, and it is equal to V/R.

Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur. 2

 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)
4) Circuit current I is in phase with applied voltage V (i.e. phase angle Ф =0)

At this particular resonant frequency, a circuit is said to be in series resonance condition.

1
Resonance occurs at that frequency when 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 or 2πfL =
2πfC
1
Therefore, fr = 2π√LC

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1: Series R-L-C circuit

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. No Frequency (Hz) Current (mA)

1 1 4.7

2 3 11.9

3 7 19.8

4 12 22.4

5 14 22.5

6 16 22.5

7 20 21.6

PROCEDURE:

1) Make the connection as per the given circuit diagram.

Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur. 3

 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)
2) Set the output of function generator as Vs = 20 Vp-p (peak to peak voltage)
3) Now increase the function generator output signal frequency from minimum say 10Hz to
a maximum signal frequency of 30 kHz such as (10, 20, 30……)
4) For applied signal frequency measure current with the help of milliammeter.
5) Calculate theoretical value of resonant frequency for given series RLC circuit.
6) Plot the graph of frequency v/s current and find the frequency on the graph at which current
value is maximum. Now compare this value of frequency with theoretical valueof
resonant frequency.

RESULT:

The resonance phenomenon in series RLC circuit has been studied. The theoretical and practical
values of resonant frequency is found to be 16

𝑓𝑅 = 16.24 kHz (Theoretical)

𝑓𝑅= 16 kHz (Practical)

CONCLUSION:

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
POST-LAB ACTIVITY:
Activity: Design and Analyze a Single-Phase Series R-L-C Circuit for Resonance
Condition using PHET Simulator
► Description:
✓ This activity aims to explore the effect of changing circuit components and identify
resonance conditions by simulating and analyzing a single-phase series R-L-C circuit
1. at resonance using the PHET Simulator.
✓ Calculations for the resonant frequency, inductance (L), and capacitance (C) will be
performed.
✓ Sample design of a Single-Phase Series R-L-C Circuit for Resonance Condition using
PHET Simulator is shown in below figure:

Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur. 4

 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)

► Requirement:
PHET Simulator [Circuit Construction Kit: AC (colorado.edu)]
► Procedure:
1. Open the PHET Simulator:
✓ Launch the simulator and navigate to the "Lab" or "RLC" tab.
2. Circuit Assembly:
✓ Drag and drop an AC source, a Resistor (R), an Inductor (L), and a Capacitor
(C) onto the workspace.
✓ Connect the components in series using wires.
3. Instruments Setup:
✓ Drag a Voltmeter and connect it across the resistor (in parallel).
✓ Drag an Ammeter and place it in series with the R-L-C circuit to measure
current.
✓ Attach Voltage and Current charts to observe the waveform and values over
time.
4. Simulation Settings:
✓ Press the play button at the bottom-right corner to start the simulation.
✓ Double-click on each component (Resistor, Inductor, Capacitor) to open the
parameter settings. Adjust values according to the example given below.
5. Parameter Example:
✓ Set the Resistor (R) value to 50Ω.
✓ Set the Inductor (L) value to 0.5H.
✓ Set the Capacitor (C) value to 0.15F.
✓ Adjust the AC source frequency to 1.15Hz (within the given range of 0.10Hz -
2Hz) and the voltage to 100V.
6. Observation and Adjustments:
✓ Gradually adjust the frequency of the AC source to find the resonance point,
where the current reaches its maximum value.

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 Electrical Engineering Lab (N-ESC101P)
✓ At resonance, the impedance of the circuit will be minimized, causing the
current to peak.
7. Calculation for Resonance Frequency:
✓ Use the formula for resonant frequency:
1
fr =
2π√LC
✓ For L = 0.5H and C = 0.15F, calculate the resonant frequency:
1
fr = = 0.58 Hz
2π√(0.5)(0.15)
✓ Adjust the AC source to this frequency to achieve resonance.
8. Readings and Analysis:
✓ At resonance, note down the maximum current value from the ammeter.
Compare this experimental value to the theoretical value calculated using
Ohm’s law:
V
I=
R
✓ For V = 100V and R = 50Ω, the theoretical current at resonance should be:
100
I= = 2 Amp
50
9. Further Exploration:
✓ Change the values of L and C to see how they affect the resonant frequency and
maximum current.
✓ Record and compare the behaviour of the circuit at various frequencies.
► Conclusion:
✓ Interpretation of conclusion in your own word.
[Interpret the results based on your observations. Analyze how the inductance and
capacitance values influence resonance and current flow. State how well the
experimental data matched theoretical predictions and provide insights into
circuit behavior at resonance.]
REFERENCE:

➢ Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, Pearson (2011).

➢ William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly, “Problems and Solutions in Engineering Circuit
Analysis 1st Edition”,Tata Mc-graw Hill Publishing (2012).
➢ D. Roy Choudhury, “Networks and Systems 2 Edition”,New Age International (2010).
➢ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRhShv4rEiQ&list=PL1B56CB47C2FBFB66&inde
x=8
➢ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRhShv4rEiQ&list=PL1B56CB47C2FBFB66&inde
x=9
Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur. 6