SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem

Assignment 1
(SET 1)

Q1.A modulated signal 10sin⁡(2𝜋 × 103 𝑡) is used to modulate a carrier frequency 20sin⁡(2𝜋 × 104 𝑡)
. Determine the modulation index, percent modulation, frequencies of the sideband components and
their amplitudes. What will be the bandwidth of the modulated signal?[CO1,BL3]
Q2.A 400 watts carrier is modulated to a depth of 75 percent. Calculate the total power in the amplitude
modulated wave. Assume the modulating signal to be sinusoidal one.[CO1,BL3]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal? [CO2,BL3]
Q4.A sinusoidal voice signal 𝑥 (𝑡) = cos⁡(6000𝜋𝑡) is to be transmitted using either PCM or
DM. The sampling rate for the PCM system is 8 KHz and for the transmission with DM, the
step size ∆⁡is⁡decided⁡to⁡be⁡31.25⁡mV.The slope overload distortion is to be avoided. Assume
that the number of quantization levels for a PCM system is 64.Determine the signalling rate of
both these systems and also comment on the result. [CO2,BL3]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
SEC-
Assignment 1
(SET 2)

Q1. The antenna current of AM broadcast transmitter modulated to a depth of 40% by an audio sinewave
is 11 Amp. It increases to 12 Amp as a result of simultaneous modulation by another audio sinewave.
Calculate the modulation index due to this second wave?[CO1,BL3]
Q2. A certain transmitter radiated 10 kW with carrier unmodulated and 12 kW when the carrier is
sinusoidally modulated. Calculate the modulation index. If another sinewave corresponding to 50%
modulation is transmitted simultaneously, determine the total radiated power.[CO1,BL3]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal? [CO2,BL3]
Q4.A delta modulator system is designed to operate at five times the Nyquist rate for a signal
having a bandwidth equal to 3 KHz bandwidth. Calculate the maximum amplitude of a 2 KHz
input sinusoidal signal for which delta modulator does not have slope overload. Given that the
quantization step size is 250 mV.[CO2,BL3]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
Assignment 1
(SET 3)

Q1. Illustrate the frequency domain representation of DSB-SC and SSB-SC signals, draw and explain
the principle of balanced modulator.[CO1,BL3]
Q2. (a) Derive an expression for a single tone narrowband FM and wideband FM.
(b) calculate the percentage of the power saved in SSB when compared with AM.[CO1,BL3]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal? [CO2,BL3]
Q4. Given a sine wave of frequency 𝑓𝑚 and amplitude 𝐴𝑚 ⁡applied to a delta modulator having step
size ∆.⁡Justify that the slope overload distortion will occur if
∆
𝐴𝑚 >
2𝜋𝑇𝑠
Here 𝑇𝑠 is the sampling period. [CO2,BL5]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem

Assignment 1
(SET 4)

Q1.Demonstrate that a synchronous demodulator in Fig.1 can demodulate and AM signal 𝑥𝐴𝑀 (𝑡) =
[𝐴 + 𝑚(𝑡)]𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑐 𝑡) regardless of the value of A.[CO1,BL3]

Fig 1
Q2. Define modulation index for FM and PM and obtain the relation between modulation index and
modulating signal for FM and PM. [CO1,BL3]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal?[CO2,BL3]
Q4. The information in an analog signal voltage waveform is to be transmitted over a PCM
system with an accuracy of ±0.1%(𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙⁡𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒). The analog voltage waveform has a
bandwidth of 100 Hz and an amplitude range of -10 to +10 volts.
(i) Determine the minimum sampling rate required
(ii) Find the number of bits in each PCM word.
(iii) Find the minimum bit rate required in the PCM signal’
(iv) Find the minimum absolute channel bandwidth required for the transmission of the
PCM signal. [CO2,BL3]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
Assignment 1
(SET 5)

Q1. Construct the block diagram of phasing/third method of generation of SSB-SC signals and detection
of SSB-SC signals and briefly explain it. Also write the applications of it. [CO1, BL6]
Q2. What is pre-emphasis? Justify why pre-emphasis is necessary for FM transmission.? Sketch the
circuit of pre-emphasis. Explain why de-emphasis must also be used. [CO1,BL5]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal? [CO2, BL3]
Q4. Twenty-four voice signals are sampled uniformly and then have to be time division
multiplexed. The highest frequency component for each voice signal is equal to 3.4 KHz.Now
(i) If the signals are pulse amplitude modulated using Nyquist rate sampling, what
would be the minimum channel bandwidth required.
(ii) If the signals are pulse code modulated with an 8-bit encoder, Examine the sampling
rate? The bit rate of the system is given as 1.5 × 106 bits/sec.[CO2, BL4]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
Assignment 1
(SET 6)

Q1. An arbitrary modulating signal consisting of two modulating frequencies of1 kHz and 2 kHz
modulated a carrier signal having peak amplitude level of 1 V and frequency of 1 MHz, with amplitude
modulation index of 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. Derive the resultant expression for complex AM signal
and and sketch its frequency spectrum.[CO1, BL3]
Q2. Let the maximum spectral frequency component (fm) in an analog information signal is 3.3 kHz.
Illustrate the frequency spectra of sampled signals under the following relationships between the sample
frequency, fs and maximum analog signal frequency, fm i. fs - 2fm ii. fs >2fm.[CO2,BL2]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal?[CO2, BL3]
Q4.A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bit binary encoder. The bit rate
of the system is equal to 50 × 106 bits/sec.
(i) Calculate the maximum number of bits per sample that should be used in this PCM
system?
(ii) What is the minimum sampling rate and what is the resulting bit transmission rate?
[CO2,BL3]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
SEC-
Assignment 1
(SET 7)

Q1. using the message signal

1
𝑚 (𝑡 ) =
1 + 𝑡2
Determine and sketch the modulated waves for the following methods of modulation
a) Amplitude modulation with 50 percent modulation
b) Double sideband- suppressed carrier modulation
c) Single sideband modulation with only the upper sideband transmitted.
d) Single sideband modulation with only the lower sideband transmitted. [CO1,BL3]
Q2. Using the single tone modulating signal cos(𝑤𝑚 𝑡),⁡verify that the output of the SSB
generator is indeed and SSB signal, and show that an upper sideband (USB) or Lower sideband
(LSB) signal results from subtraction or addition at the summation junction.[CO1, BL5]
Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal? [CO2,BL3]
Q4. The information in an analog waveform with maximum frequency 𝑓𝑚 = 3⁡𝐾𝐻𝑧 is to be
transmitted over an M-level PCM system where the number of quantization levels is M=16.
The quantization distortion is specified not to exceed 1% of peak to peak analog signal.
(i) What would be the maximum number of bits per sample that should be used in this
PCM system.
(ii) What is the minimum sampling rate and what is the resulting bit transmission rate?
[CO2, BL2]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
SEC-
Assignment 1
(SET 8)

Q1. The single tone modulating signal 𝑚(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑚 cos⁡(2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡) is used to generate the VSB signal
1 1
𝑠(𝑡) = 𝑎𝐴𝑚 𝐴𝑐 cos[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋 (𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚 )𝑡] + (1 − 𝑎)𝐴𝑚 𝐴𝑐 cos[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋(𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 )𝑡]
2 2
Where a is constant, less than unity, representing the attenuation of the upper sideband
frequency.[CO1,BL3]
a) Find the quadrature component of the VSB signal 𝑠(𝑡)
b) The VSB signal, plus the carrier 𝐴𝑐 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡),⁡is passed through an envelope detector.
Determine the distortion produced by the quadrature component.
c) What is the value of constant a for which the distortion reaches its worst possible condition.

Q2. Show that an SSB signal can be demodulated by the synchronous detector of Fig.1
a) By sketching the spectrum of the signal at each point and
b) By the time domain expression of the signals at each point[CO1,BL2]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,
(i) Find the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal? [CO2,BL2]
Q4.A signal having bandwidth equal to 3.5 KHz is sampled, quantized and coded by a PCM
system. The coded signal is then transmitted over a transmission channel of supporting a
transmission rate of 50 Kbits/sec. Determine the maximum signal to noise ratio that can be
obtained by this system. The input signal has peak to peak value of 4 volts and rms value of
0.2 V. [CO2,BL3]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
Assignment 1
(SET 9)

Q1..Consider the DSB-SC signal

𝑠(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐 cos⁡(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)𝑚(𝑡)
Where 𝐴𝑐 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) is the carrier wave and 𝑚(𝑡) is the message signal. This modulated signal
is applied to square law device characterized by
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑠 2 (𝑡)
The output y(t) is next applied to a narrowband filter with a passband magnitude response of
one, midband frequency 2𝑓𝑐, and bandwidth ∆𝑓.⁡Assume that ∆𝑓⁡𝑖𝑠⁡𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 enough to treat the
spectrum of y(t) as essentially constant inside the passband of the filter. [CO1, BL3]
a) Determine the spectrum of the square law device output y(t).
b) Show that the filter output 𝑣 (𝑡) is approximately sinusoidal, given by
𝐴2𝑐
𝑣 (𝑡) = ⁡ 𝐸∆𝑓⁡cos⁡(4𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
2
Q2. A 400 watts carrier is modulated to a depth of 75 percent. Calculate the total power in the amplitude
modulated wave. Assume the modulating signal to be sinusoidal one. [CO1, BL3]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization,[CO2, BL2]
(i) Find the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal?
Q4.A compact Disc (CD) records audio signals digitally by PCM. Assume audio signals
bandwidth to be 15 KHz. If signals are sampled at a rate 20% above Nyquist rate for practical
reasons and the samples are quantized into 65,536 levels. Determine bits/sec required to encode
the signal and minimum bandwidth required to transmit encoded signal. [CO2,BL3]
 SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, M & G, JAIPUR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINNEERING DEPARTMENT

Sub: ADC
Branch/Sem-ECE/4th sem
Assignment 1
(SET 10)

Q1. An FM signal with a Frequency deviation of 10 kHz at a modulation frequency 0f 5 kHz is applied
to two frequency multipliers connected in cascade. The first multiplier doubles the frequency and
second multiplier triples the frequency. Determine the frequency deviation and the modulation index of
the FM signal obtained at the second multiplier output. What is the frequency separation of the adjacent
side frequencies of this FM signal? [CO1,BL3]
Q2. An arbitrary modulating signal consisting of two modulating frequencies of1 kHz and 2 kHz
modulated a carrier signal having peak amplitude level of 1 V and frequency of 1 MHz, with amplitude
modulation index of 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. Determine the resultant expression for complex AM
signal and sketch its frequency spectrum.[CO1,BL3]

Q3. The bandwidth of an input signal to the PCM is restricted to 4 KHz. The input signal varies
in amplitude from -3.8V to +3.8V and has the average power of 30 mW. The required signal
to noise ratio is given as 20 dB. The PCM modulator produces binary output. Assume uniform
quantization, [CO2, BL3]
(i) Determine the number of bits required per sample
(ii) Outputs of 30 such PCM coders are time multiplexed. What should be the minimum
required transmission bandwidth for this multiplexed signal?
Q4.In a single integration DM scheme, the voice signal is sampled at a rate of 64 KHz. The
maximum signal amplitude is 1 Volt. [CO2,BL3]
(i) Determine the minimum value of step size to avoid slope overload.
(ii) Determine granular noise power 𝑁0 ,if the voice signal bandwidth is 3.5 KHz.