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machine-learning-foundations

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows computer systems to learn from experience using training data. It encompasses various paradigms including supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning, each with distinct processes and applications. These paradigms enable tasks such as classification, anomaly detection, and game playing, showcasing the versatility and power of ML in modern AI.

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machine-learning-foundations

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows computer systems to learn from experience using training data. It encompasses various paradigms including supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning, each with distinct processes and applications. These paradigms enable tasks such as classification, anomaly detection, and game playing, showcasing the versatility and power of ML in modern AI.

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wadirropub
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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# Machine Learning: The Engine of Modern AI

## What is Machine Learning?

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables computer


systems to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
Rather than following hard-coded rules, machine learning algorithms build
mathematical models based on sample data, known as "training data," to make
predictions or decisions.

The key characteristic of machine learning is its ability to generalize from


examples, allowing systems to perform well on new, previously unseen data.

## Core Machine Learning Paradigms

Machine learning approaches can be categorized into several fundamental paradigms:

### Supervised Learning

- **Definition**: Learning from labeled examples provided by a "teacher"


- **Process**: The algorithm learns to map inputs to outputs based on example
input-output pairs
- **Applications**: Classification, regression, sentiment analysis
- **Examples**: Predicting house prices, identifying spam emails, recognizing
handwritten digits

### Unsupervised Learning

- **Definition**: Learning patterns from unlabeled data


- **Process**: The algorithm discovers hidden structures within data without
guidance
- **Applications**: Clustering, anomaly detection, dimensionality reduction
- **Examples**: Customer segmentation, detecting unusual credit card transactions,
topic modeling

### Semi-Supervised Learning

- **Definition**: Learning from both labeled and unlabeled data


- **Process**: Uses a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled
data
- **Applications**: Speech analysis, protein sequence classification
- **Examples**: Web content classification, medical image analysis

### Reinforcement Learning

- **Definition**: Learning through interaction with an environment


- **Process**: An agent learns to achieve goals by receiving rewards or penalties
- **Applications**: Game playing, robotics, resource management
- **Examples**: AlphaGo, autonomous vehicles, dynamic pricing systems

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