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Module 4 Complete

The document discusses various probability distributions including Binomial, Poisson, Exponential, Normal, Gamma, and Weibull distributions, outlining their conditions, properties, and applications. It provides formulas for calculating probabilities and fitting distributions based on given data. Additionally, it includes example questions related to these distributions.

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divineworld.204
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Module 4 Complete

The document discusses various probability distributions including Binomial, Poisson, Exponential, Normal, Gamma, and Weibull distributions, outlining their conditions, properties, and applications. It provides formulas for calculating probabilities and fitting distributions based on given data. Additionally, it includes example questions related to these distributions.

Uploaded by

divineworld.204
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binomial Distribution

Conditions for Binomial Distribution


1. All the trials are independent.
2. No. of trials (n) is finite.
3. The probability of success (p) is same in each trial.

A discrete random variable is said to satisfy binomial distribution if it


satisfies the probability mass function given by
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥 ) = 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥 , 𝑥 = 0, 1, … , 𝑛.
Q 1. Ten coins are tossed simultaneously find the probability of
getting at least 7 Heads.
Question 2.
Question 3.
Question 4.
Question 7.
Fitting a Binomial Distribution
It means using the given frequencies of the random variable to write
the probability mass function for binomial distribution. Then expected
or theoretical frequencies are given by
𝑁 × 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥 ), 𝑥 = 0, 1, … , 𝑛.
or 𝑁 × 𝑛𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥 , 𝑥 = 0, 1, … , 𝑛.

2.4
So, Mean = 2.4 = 𝑛𝑝 = 6𝑝, which gives 𝑝 = = 0.4 and 𝑞 = 0.6.
6

Now binomial fitting is given by


𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥
and the expected or theoretical frequencies are given by
𝑁 × 𝑛𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥 , 𝑥 = 0, 1, … , 𝑛.
Poisson Distribution
Poisson Distribution
Poisson distribution is a limiting case of binomial distribution under the
following conditions
1. The number of trials n is infinitely large. i.e. 𝑛 → ∞.
2. The constant probability of success for each trial is infinitesimally small.
i.e. 𝑝 → 0.
3. 𝑛𝑝 = 𝜆 is finite.
Question: 1.
Question: 2.
Question. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and calculate the
theoretical frequencies
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 314 335 204 86 29 9 3

Ans.
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 295 354 213 85 26 6 1
Exponential Distribution
Exponential Distribution

Definition: A continuous random variable 𝑋 is said to follow an


exponential distribution with parameter 𝜆 > 0 if its probability
density function is given by
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝜆𝑒 −𝜆𝑥

• It is also known as negative exponential distribution.


• The moment generating function of the exponential distribution
𝜆
is given by 𝑀𝑥 (𝑡) = .
𝜆−𝑡
• Mean of the exponential distribution function is 1/𝜆.
• Variance of the exponential distribution function is 1/𝜆2 .
Question: 1. The mileage which car owners get with a certain kind of
radial tyre is a continuous random variable having an exponential
distribution with mean 40000 kms. Find the probability that one of
these tyres will last
i. atleast 20000 kms
ii. at most 30000 kms
Question 2.

Question 2.
Question 2.
Question 3.
Normal Distribution
The moment generating function of a normal distribution with respect to
1 2 2
origin is 𝑒 𝜇𝑡+2𝑡 𝜎
.

Normal Curve: The normal distribution of a curve when represented graphically takes the
shape of a symmetrical curve, known as the normal curve.
Properties of Normal Curve:
1. The Normal curve is bell shaped.
2. The curve is symmetric about 𝑋 = 𝜇.
3. Mean mode median coincide at 𝑋 = 𝜇, since the distribution is symmetric.
4. X-axis is asymptote to the normal curve
• For standard normal distribution mean is taken as 0 and variance is 1.
• The normal curve is symmetric about 𝑍 = 0.
Question: 1.

Question: 2.
Question: 3.
Question: 4.
Question: 5.
Question: 6.
Question 7.

Solution:
(I)
Question: 8.

Solution:
Question: 9.

Solution:
Question: 10.
Gamma Distribution
Question: 1.
Question: 2.
Question: 3.
Weibull Distribution
Question: 1.
Question: 2.

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