Course Project

Operating System
Operating System-Phase 1
• Virtual Machine
• Instruction Set
• Job
• Program Execution
• Algorithm
• Programming
• Output
 Address Memory Location Content
Virtual Machine: 00
CPU 01
R 02
03
IR
:
IC

Card Line
Reader Printer
Virtual Machine :
1. 1 word =4 Bytes
Size of total Memory= 100 words=100 x 4 Bytes =400Bytes
2. Memory is divided into Blocks/Pages
Size of Block (Page)= 10 words =10 x 4 Bytes of each word=40 Bytes.
3. No of pages (Blocks) in memory= Size of Total Memory/ Size of one page
= 100 words/10 words
= 10 Pages.
10 Pages – (0 Page - 9 Page)
4. Card Reader(Input device) read Block of Data /Page -(40 Bytes)
5. Line Printer (Output device) print Block of Data /Page -(40 Bytes)
Virtual Machine Instructions:
SR.No. Instruction Operation Example Data Modes
1 GD Get Data from card reader and placed memory GD10,GD20 Block of data Master/Kernel
location specified in instruction (40 Bytes) Mode
2 PD Put (print data) to Line Printer from memory PD10,PD20 Block of data Master/Kernel
location content specified in instruction. (40 Bytes) Mode

3 LR Load Register with memory location content LR12,LR20 Word of data Slave/User
specified in instruction (4 Bytes) Mode
4 SR Store Register content to memory location SR24,SR50 Word of data Slave/User
specified in instruction. (4 Bytes) Mode
5 CR Compare register content with memory CR20,CR45 Word of data Slave/User
location content specified in instruction. (4 Bytes) Mode
Comparison result is equal- C-True
Comparison result is not equal-C-False
6 BT Branch to specified memory location in BT23 Byte data Slave/User
instruction if toggle register is true. (Toggle Reg.) Mode
7 HLT Stop execution of program. HLT - Master/Kernel
Mode
Virtual Machine Instructions:
Note: GD and PD are I/O instruction. It works on BLOCK of data(40 Bytes)
1. GD-Get data from Card Reader and placed specify memory location in
instruction.
e.g. GD10 – Get Data from Card Reader and placed data at specified memory
location 10.

2. PD- Put (Print ) data to Line Printer. Get the data from specified memory
location in instruction and put data to Line Printer.
e.g. PD10-Fetch (Block) of data from memory location 10 and put data to line
printer.
 Virtual Machine Instructions:
Note: LR and SR (4 Bytes)perform word data transfer operation
3. LR-Load Register content from specified memory location in instruction.
e.g. LR 20- Load data(Word data) into register from memory location 20
LR 23

4. SR-Store Register content to specified memory location in instruction.

e.g. SR 40-Store content of register into memory location 40
SR 45
Virtual Machine Instructions:
Note: Compare instruction works on word data.
5. CR-Compare Register content with Memory location content specified in
instruction. Result of comparison-Set/Reset (true/false)store in Toggle C register.
e.g. CR 30 –Compare the content of register with memory location 30
Result –C-T/F (1/0)
CR 25

6. BT-Branch if true (C Flag status) to specify memory location in instruction

e.g. BT25 –Branch to memory location 25 if C(toggle register ) is true.

7. H-HLT –Stop Program Execution.

Virtual Machine Program: Address Memory Location
Content
Q. Write an program to display Hello 00 G D 1 0
message through Line Printer.
01 P D 1 0
$AMJ000100030001 02 H
; ( Job id /Total Time Limit /Total Line Limit) 03
GD10PD10H :
09
$DTA
10 H e l l
Hello
11 o
$END0001 12
:
19
:
99
 Address Memory Location Content
Virtual Machine Program: 00
Q. Write an program to display following 01
message through Line Printer.
02
I LIKE THIS PEN OF HIS 03
Assume Data Card consist following data: :
I LIKE THIS PEN OF 09
10 I L I
11 K E T
12 H I S
13 P E N
14 O F
15
:
99
 Address Memory Location Content
Virtual Machine Program: 00 G D 1 0
Q. Write an program to display following 01 L R 1 2
message through Line Printer.
02 S R 1 5
I LIKE THIS PEN OF HIS 03 P D 1 0
Assume Data Card consist following data: 04 H
I LIKE THIS PEN OF :
Ans: 09
$AMJ000200050001 10 I L I
GD10LR12SR15PD10H 11 K E T

$DTA 12 H I S
13 P E N
I LIKE THIS PEN OF
14 O F
$END0002
15 H I S
:
99
 Address Memory Location Content
Virtual Machine Program: 00
Q. Write an program to compare data from 01
data card given in the program.
02
Assume Data Cards consist following data: 03
ABCD :
ABCD 09
DO NOT 10
MATCH 11
12

Output: 13
14
ABCD
15
ABCD
MATCH
99
 Addr Memory Location
Virtual Machine Program: ess Content
Q. Write an program to compare strings given in the 00
program. 01
Ans. 02
$AMJ000300130003 03
GD20PD20GD30PD30GD40GD50LR20CR30BT11PD40 :
HPD50H 09
$DTA 10

ABCD 11
12
ABCD
13
DO NOT
14
MATCH
15
$END0003
99
 Address Memory Location Content
Virtual Machine Program: 00
Q. Write an program to compare data from 01
data card given in the program.
02
Assume Data Cards consist following data: 03
VIT :
VIIT 09
IS SAME 10
NOT SAME 11
Output: 12

VIT 13
14
VIIT
15
NOT SAME

99
 Addr Memory Location
Virtual Machine Program: ess Content
Q. Write an program to compare two sting VIT and 00
VIIT given in the program. 01
Ans: 02
$AMJ000400120003 03

GD20PD20GD30PD30GD40GD50LR20CR30BT11PD40 :
09
HPD50H
10
$DTA
11
VIT
12
VIIT
13
IS SAME 14
NOT SAME 15
$END0004
99
Algorithm:
Program:
1. Input File
2. Operating System Program
3. Output File
Algorithm:
ASSUMPTIONS:
• Jobs entered without error in input file
• No physical separation between jobs
• Job outputs separated in output file by 2 blank lines
• Program loaded in memory starting at location 00
• No multiprogramming, load and run one program at a time
• SI interrupt for service request
Algorithm:
NOTATION
M: memory; IR: Instruction Register (4 bytes)
IR [0, 1]: Bytes 1, 2 of IR/Operation Code
IR [2, 3]: Bytes 3, 4 of IR/Operand Address
M[&]: Content of memory location &
IC: Instruction Counter Register (2 bytes)
R: General Purpose Register (4 bytes)
C: Toggle (1 byte)
: Loaded/stored/placed into
Algorithm:
LOAD
m0
While not e-o-f
Read next (program or control) card from input file in a buffer
Control card: $AMJ, INIT
$DTA, START EXECUTION
$END, end-while
Program Card: Store buffer in memory locations m through m + 9
m  m + 10
End-While
STOP
Algorithm:
INIT
M: memory- *
IR: Instruction Register -*
IC: Instruction Counter Register -*
R:General Purpose Register -*
C:Toggle-*
Buffer-*

START EXECUTION
IC  00
EXECUTE USER PROGRAM
 Algorithm:
EXECUTE USER PROGRAM (SLAVE MODE)
Loop
IR  M [IC]
IC  IC+1
Examine IR[0,1]
LR: R  M [IR[2,3]]
SR: R → M [IR[2,3]]
CR: Compare R and M [IR[2,3]]
If equal C  T else C  F
BT: If C = T then IC  IR [2,3]
GD: SI = 1
PD: SI = 2
H: SI = 3
End-Examine
End-Loop
Algorithm:
MOS (MASTER MODE)
Case SI of
1: Read
2: Write
3: Terminate
End case
Algorithm:
READ
Read next (data) card from input file in memory locations IR [2,3] through IR [2,3]
EXECUTE USER PROGRAM

WRITE
Write one block (10 words of memory) from memory locations IR [2,3] through IR [2,3] +
9 to output file
EXECUTE USER PROGRAM

TERMINATE
Write 2 blank lines in output file
LOAD