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General Lab - Tables and Formulas

The document outlines a practical experiment involving a torsional pendulum, including calculations for rigidity modulus, time periods of oscillation, and measurements using a screw gauge. It also covers additional experiments such as a cantilever, compound pendulum, bifilar pendulum, Stokes' law, and Hooke's law, providing formulas and observation tables for each. Results from these experiments include determining the moment of inertia and the coefficient of viscosity.

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10 views11 pages

General Lab - Tables and Formulas

The document outlines a practical experiment involving a torsional pendulum, including calculations for rigidity modulus, time periods of oscillation, and measurements using a screw gauge. It also covers additional experiments such as a cantilever, compound pendulum, bifilar pendulum, Stokes' law, and Hooke's law, providing formulas and observation tables for each. Results from these experiments include determining the moment of inertia and the coefficient of viscosity.

Uploaded by

Amutha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHE2222CP Practical II

1.TORSIONAL PENDULUM
(With symmetrical masses)
Rigidity modulus of the wire,

l=length of the wire (m)


a= radius of the wire (m)
I= moment of inertia (kg m2) (I=MR2/2)
M= mass of the disc (kg)
R=Radius of the disc(m)
d1=distance between the suspension wire and mass placed in closest position(m)
d2=distance between the suspension wire and mass placed in farthest position(m)
T1= Time period of oscillation of the pendulum with mass at d1 (sec)
T2= Time period of oscillation of the pendulum with mass at d2 (sec)
To determine the time period of oscillation

Length of the Position of the Time taken for 10 Time


wire ‘l’’ mass Period
S. Oscillations (sec) m/s2
-2
No X 10 m T (sec)
Trial Trial Mean
I II (mean/10)

At d1
1. 50

At d2
Length of the Position of the Time taken for 10 Time
wire ‘l’’ mass Period
S. Oscillations (sec) m/s2
-2
No X 10 m T (sec)
Trial Trial Mean
I II (mean/10)

At d1
2. 60

At d2

Finding the radius of suspensionwire(a) using screw gauge


least count (L.C)= __________
zero error = __________ divisions
zero correction = ________divisionsX L.C=___________mm

VSR=VSCxL. Observed Actual


S.No PSR VSC
C TR=MSR+VSR TR=TR+ZC
. X 10-3 m (divisions)
X 10-3 m X 10-3 m X 10-3 m

Result:
Diameter of the given thin wire = ____________m
Radius of the given thin wire, a = ____________m

2.
TORSIONAL PENDULUM (Without symmetrical masses)
Formula used:

Rigidity modulus of the wire,

l=length of the wire (m)


a= radius of the wire (m)
T0=Time period of oscillation of the pendulum with no mass (sec)
Observation
To determine the time period of oscillation

Length of the wire Time taken for 10 Time


‘l’’ Period
S. Oscillations (sec) T2 l /T02
No X 10-2 m T (sec)
Trial Trial Mean Sec2 m/s2
I II (mean/10)

1. 50

2. 60

3. 70

Finding the radius of suspensionwire(a) using screw gauge


least count (L.C)= __________
zero error = __________ divisions
zero correction = ________divisionsX L.C=___________mm

VSR=VSCxL. Observed Actual


S.No PSR VSC
C TR=MSR+VSR TR=TR+ZC
. X 10-3 m (divisions)
X 10-3 m X 10-3 m X 10-3 m

1
2

Result:
Diameter of the given thin wire = ____________m
Radius of the given thin wire, a = ____________m

3.Cantilever
Formula
4. COMPOUND PENDULUM
Expected Graph:

5.Young’s Modulus of the Given Material – Method of Uniform Bending


Bifilar Pendulum Experiment

Formula Used:

The period of oscillation (T) of bifilar pendulum about a vertical axis, passing through its
center of gravity is

k T ×a
T =2 π √❑ Therefore, k =
a 2 π × √❑

Where,

L = length of string

k = radius of gyration

a = half of the distance between the point of suspension

g = acceleration due to gravity.

The moment of Inertia (I) of the rod about the axis is given by

2
I =M k
Where M = mass of the bar

k = radius of gyration

The moment of inertia of the circular rigid body (I C) = (M+Mc) k2new - Mk2

Where

Mc = Mass of the circular body

knew = New radius of gyration with the circular body


Observation:

To determine the period of oscillation

L= _________ a = ___________

Object No of Time (t) for (n) Time Period


cycles (n) oscillations in seconds (T=t /n)

Trial I Trial II
Bar/ rod
Circular Rigid body

Result:

The moment of inertia of the bar is ______________________

The moment of inertia of the circular rigid body is ________________

STOKES LAW

Formula used:
The coefficient of viscosity of a highly viscous liquid
η = 2a²g(ρ-σ) / 9v (Nsm-2)
Where,
a - Radius of the sphere (m)
g - Acceleration due to gravity (9.8 ms²)
ρ - Density of sphere
σ - Density of highly viscous liquid
v - Terminal velocity (m/s)
Trail Distance travelled Time taken(s) Terminal velocity (v).
after terminal stage ms-1
(m)

Table 2:
To find radius of sphere ball

S. No Pitch scale Head scale HSR = HSC ×LC Total reading (PSR +
reading divisions(HSD) mm HSR)(mm)
mm
1

Hooke’s law

Formula : F= -Kx

Where, F is the stretching force in N

k is the spring constant

X - extension
Rigidity Modulus - Static Torsion

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