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Astgument -3
0 Define tem cyetagiaphy and oyetoonalyitt
SCryatsgiaphy a dcience.
Coyptogiaphy.
achieing them euity by encading meliagel ta
Non-eadable
make

Reodable Ciyptagapy Uneadable

msage message

The phorell a teying sto beak ay ciphet

-dext meshage Ge abtain iginal mig itsuy
Cypteanalysis it's
Aen-eadable to
decading mesogean hew
headable ormat wtthcat knautng
ae Canueed into
hey
Q20iteneniate betueen ummette and aummatc
Cytagaphy
aymmeic Alymmetic
1. Auymnetic Key aa
knoun ad Pablic ey
denet Keg
2.
Number Key are"I |2. Number of Mey ane"2"
3. The keå shaud be keep3 he key mutt be ept
Seret. beceet oher con be
Gee expaed
4. Manly ed for encry 4 Can te sed fo
de ciap cannot be led encyptea k decypt ad.
wel a
 Date
Pagedas ate
MOPe
Ahcotit MAg

dengotiun
Key prorels Key procel
Ke Kd nat dama)
03 lrite explain DES alaorithn,
Stepi Plain text (su bit)
Step2 Tnitial, Pehmutaian.
Step 3 LPT

Stepu Key 16
hads! Pound Key

Step 5 Final Pomutaten

Step 6 Cipher text 64 bits)

Tnitial omutatian p):Tt happend cr

GAce. It aplaced At bit al the
plain testt cloK with the th oit oigin
a he
uginal plain tet blsek, escond oi
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with the so bit o originad plain text

bler The nelulatng 64- bits
pemuted tet blok i dlided înto tue
hals blocea ach hal block Consists o
32bits
The Lelt black called od LPT and ight blach
calleda RPT, 16 haunda ahepehtomed
blocka
Oetails o
Key Troaanatitan
Expanion Permutation

S-bc Subacftutan

p-boa Permutateen

XoR ond duap

1 hey Tranfomatian heuced to S6 bits

The Giginal Key (6u- bit) i

each encyptconund, a urique 4e- bit

subhey i genetated gtoon this S6-b Key
2 Peumutation
The Riaht Platn Text (RPD(32-bit) exanded
to 4e bitd by diiading it inda ¢ lorts
(each -bit)
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tach 4-bt block i exanded tro 6 btts

b,
the
the 11t
tepeating. the
gnN nd 3 bits
bits ctile Rospin
th bits while
bits unchonged
The expanded RPT i the) XORed with th
48- bit subley ehote Mang to he neas
tep
S-Bex Substittin
The xoßed heiut (4e-ot)iA pasled threk
& S- bGxel,
Sach s-ox udcel 6- bit input to -bit
autut, helultina a 32- bit op
P- Box Pemutatian
The 32- bit olp om S-bexed dPeahhangd
peutd) uing a P bax t eahane eun.
S. XoR and a
The Lelt Plain Text (LeT) iis Xo Red uith the
XoRed
P- box autptoming ne PT
The od ReT dbecamel the
new LfT thugh

inal Permtation
ALt 16 Jaund, a inal
appied permutatisn d
Thil heaanged bits (eq the uoh inpt bit
becomes the 1 o<p bit) te produce he
nal cipher text.
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plain text Computer Enginring

Conwet gien to plain text to cipher text
chealah ciphe" ctth o dhift a
polition thiee- wite dlon steps io
entypttan
CeoAeh Ciphe techniaejs phopaled by Taius
Cealer It cone the ainplest iokt
wdely naun encryptian tchniui.
Z
oan tesdi H BCDEFG HI JKL MNoPeRSTUVWX
chettextDIEE GHIJKLM NoPgRSTUV wX Z ABC

Pain textC o m

irhahe F R P SxwHU H QJLQ H HO LQ.

FRPSXwHOHQSLQ HHULgI

Aubatitution techia ues 4 explon a Gne

uattutien techniued Ih thid technlaue lstters
platn text aheeplaced by the othet
Letes
Subsitutisn technia, ue oe ad dlaus
Caelot ciphe
b) Maded verlicn of Caesat cipher
Mons- alphabetic ciphe
Vigeners ciphet
Coesar cipheh i
It jsa tupe at
ubitttan techniau
in hioh each Lette in the plain toxt
by a le tte ame txed umber
pasitonoeun the alohabet
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or example Ahit a 3, A aauld ba

with a
Japloed by e, S would becane E,
as hownn the teble lpele.
dob le Qu tubl Jame
Uaing hil cheme the plain teat" 5ELRET'
enciypts ad Ciphex text VHEUHw To aew
bemeane to seod the ipheh
them that the Key id 3 teteu te
For Si= (p)sd 26
(18+3)mad
21
24

To
someane te head the Pead cipheh,
tet, ou tel them that the Key i
Alaoithm to oeak laesoh cipheh 3
Reod each alphabet in
the cipheh text meAage,
deanto
deanch.
doble aboe
t inn the
lecond_Jow o the
2
when a nath in tound
n the
ciphe tet meiage heplace that alphabet
Coheipanding alphabt in the withdamethe
caum bt the ist ew al the
tor example table
the alphabst cipher tet isI,
taplace t with
3.
fepeat the proes a all alphabet in the
iphen text smesage.
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txplain igtal stgnctuhe n

|naskage digelt.
melhad o
authentaton in On eleconie fom
2Tt includek mellage authendicatfan crsde MAC,
hash Volue afa meage ddigidad pon pad
deuices t alo hcuded Cyptagaphialy
based ignatuheprateals
sDiattal ignatahe ued dor authenticatton a
Hhe mesage and the Aender tre veity
veriky the
integsity o< the message
DigitaAignature may be n the dam a teaet
mbe, înage or audia
5. In today's wanld ca electonic teandocton,dgita
bignatue playd acanill najar hale in authentica~ia.
one hi ncome stax
anline Aing hid digital ignaduhe,
maKes the
which avgida the
the le. a paper
proreyaster
66.Diatal sianate alarithns ahe diutded tnt 2
cheote his
a Signing pat: t aleus the kendler to
dligital gnatune
Vericatian port: Tt sed by tthe hecetveh
the dignate ote Sreceiuing
the meliage
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9aaplain stenogaphy techniq ue h on examol

is the t ond
Stenagtapta hidden
scente
dende
uch
Tt

thot neage in
4 intended heipent dpects
exibten ce a the melsage the

Stegalagaod bitsdoda af idiehunt

Camputehles
Miele
n heguoh
unUsed
with
huisible intmatian
Thid idden infomath can be
cipher test plain text
eNen

segansgiaphy phoes
Couer- mdia + Hidden dasa t Steqo
-Key Stega
QaCansdeh plain tesdt medium
nto ipher teot using. Ceakeh phe
Ahilt o postion wite wuth
o steps on thupdicn.
PlainteABCDEFGHITKL
Ceaser fG HITKL MNO MNOP QRSTUVw X
E
QRS P
Y
tet IUV N XYZ
AcO
Plain tesd CEl
(ease RTIFI CATE
tet VX MIM PE X T

Ceaser iphes text

GIVXM IMEXI
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(anwet the gienplain texct into ipher text

utng Atnple coalumnah technia ues sding the
data
Platn Tet: NETWoRK
NETWORK SE CURIY

(oL2 lol3 Lol4 (olS (oL6

W
S
H

plain text Readin texct: Netuetdecurity

6325lY

Cpher
Coli Col2 col3 lol4 Cols ol6
R R X
K
H

QibCanaidering pES, ind the o<p ythein nitial peUusatian

hexa decinal
nput id gien in hexa
Dooc uhen the input
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Consteuct Ofgte edignatune wtng cnyptbol

Step 1 apen cypteal applitatian
stee Ccat
Step2i apen the &ile & enter meiage
digital dignatuha
step 3: selet meaOigital dignatwne > Sign
Ooument
Step4i Select ay
aly haih unctin ond chaode
hah functian
pivote Key
Step 5: ater IN sumber &clict enign Jotton to
generate digital ignature
Qie]xplain stegangiaphy techniaae wtth dutable
example
Alzeady explain
OL3Coanuest plain test ato cipher teat by -uang
Sinple counna techatque o ihe Jolawtng
Lentence:
'MaharaAhti state Boad o Technical Edulatien

2
M H A R
S H
S

£
C H I
A L
I
 Dnte
Dage clas mta
Readina Text: 45213
CGpheh Text: ARTRE CUO RAEDCAcN
A5TO FNET
HTAATIDI
MASBo MIA
2 3
A
RE
E
T
T M
A S 0 H
L A H

gienplain tesdt, enypt

Ce asoi's ipher techaique
t with help
"Neduaok &

Poin tet A
BcoEFGHI JK L M
(esseh tet 0EFGHIJ KL MN Xy2NoPQRSTOVW
0Pa RSTU V wX Z ABC
Plain tet NET woRK AND
Ceaseh INFoRMATIoN SE (oRLIY
tet
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aihd he auipt o the tnittal

hen the inout perumutastton
giuen n hexadeimal as
boo