Introduction to Computer
Programming
CS 111 - Computer Programming
What is Computer Programming?
Computer Programming Programmers Programming Language
It means giving Programmers are the Programmers use a
instruction or directions people who write special language called,
to accomplish specific computer programs. programming languages
task. to communicate with the
computer.
There are approximately 9000+ programming languages used by software and
web developers and other professionals.
Programming Language Categories
1. Machine Language - low level languages and can directly understand by
computer but difficult to ready by humans.
2. Assembly Language - a representation of machine language. These are
instructions translates to machine language instruction called assembler.
3. High Level Language - these are mostly used by programmers today. These
are easy to read and portable. High level languages can be classified into
functional, procedure oriented, object-oriented programming (OOP) and
Logic programming languages.
Challenge 1: Fill in the blanks (not graded)
1. __________________ language is written in 0s and 1s and can be directly
understood by the computer.
2. __________________ language is the easiest to understand, uses words
similar to human language, and is widely used by programmers today.
3. __________________ language uses simple words or mnemonics like "ADD" or
"SUB" to make it easier for humans to write instructions.
Challenge 1: Fill in the blanks (not graded)
4. __________________ refers to giving instructions to a computer to accomplish
a specific task.
5. A __________________ is the person who writes the instructions or code for a
computer to follow.
6. A __________________ is a special language that programmers use to
communicate with the computer.
How it Works: Code Translator from source code to
executable output.
cout << "Hello World!"; Binary: 10111000 00000100
00000000 00000000
Hexadecimal: B8 04 00 00 00
mov eax, B8 04 00 00 00
4 mov ebx, BB 01 00 00 00
1 mov ecx,
msg mov edx,
12 int 0x80
Challenge 2: Fill in the blanks (not graded)
1. The __________________ is where the programmer writes the code in a high-level
programming language like C++.
2. The __________________ translates the source code into an intermediate object
code, which is closer to machine code but still not executable.
3. After the compiler, the __________________ converts the object code into machine
code, which is a series of 0s and 1s the computer can directly understand.
4. Once the code is in __________________, the computer can execute it and perform
the task the programmer intended.
Problem Solving Process:
Programming is the process of solving problem using algorithms and that requires computer solution.
You will learn how to create a computer solution to a specific problem by applying pseudo-code,
input-process-output (IPO), flowcharts and algorithms.
Steps in problem solving process:
STEP 1: Analyze the problem - Problem outline and list of requirements.
STEP 2: Plan the algorithm - Design algorithm using pseudo-code, IPO and flowcharts.
STEP 3: Check the algorithm - Trace algorithm.
STEP 4: Code the algorithm into a program - Implement algorithms into code.
STEP 5: Maintenance - Evaluate and modify the program if necessary. IPO chart is also applicable.
Definition of Terms
Algorithm - step by step solution to solve a problem or to accomplish specific task.
Flowchart - graphical representation of algorithm. There are symbols and illustration to
use.
Pseudo code - tool to plan the algorithm and use short English statements.
Programs - instruction given to a computer.
IPO Chart - use to organized the result of program analysis.
Example: Calculate the sum of two numbers
ALGORITHM
1. Start
2. Input two numbers
3. Add the numbers
4. Display the sum
5. End
Example: Calculate the sum of two numbers
INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
Input: num1, num2
Process: sum = num1 + num2
Output: sum
Example: Calculate the sum of two numbers
FLOWCHART
START
num1 = 5,
num2 = 3,
sum
sum = num1 + num2
Print sum
END
Example: Calculate the area of a rectangle
ALGORITHM
1. Start
2. Input the length of the rectangle
3. Input the width of the rectangle
4. Compute the area using the formula: Area = Length x Width
5. Display the Area
6. End
Example: Calculate the area of a rectangle
INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
Input: Length of the rectangle, width of the rectangle
Process: Multiply the length by the width
Output: The area of the rectangle
Example: Calculate the area of a rectangle
FLOWCHART
START
Length = 10
Width = 10
Area = 10 x 10
Print Area
END
Try this!
Use algorithm, IPO, and flowchart to calculate
the average of three numbers.
Try this!
Use algorithm, IPO, and flowchart to find the
area of a circle.
Submit your work in Google Classroom under the Classwork Practice Exercise 1.
Practice Exercise 1: (not graded)
Design an algorithm, IPO chart, and
flowchart to determine whether a number is
positive, negative, or zero.
Data Types, Variables and
Operators
Data Types
Data Types
Syntax: dataType varaibleName = value;
Example below:
Data Types
Syntax: const dataType varaibleName = value;
Example below:
Operators in C++
