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Torque

The document covers the concepts of torque and rotational inertia, explaining their definitions, factors affecting them, and their relationship to rotational motion. It includes examples and problems related to calculating torque and angular acceleration, as well as Newton's Second Law for rotation. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts in solving problems in rotational dynamics.

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Aaliyah Bennett Trilles
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11 views26 pages

Torque

The document covers the concepts of torque and rotational inertia, explaining their definitions, factors affecting them, and their relationship to rotational motion. It includes examples and problems related to calculating torque and angular acceleration, as well as Newton's Second Law for rotation. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts in solving problems in rotational dynamics.

Uploaded by

Aaliyah Bennett Trilles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class Monitor???

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Rotational Dynamics:
Torque & Rotational Inertia
Most Essential
Learning Competencies

Explain concepts of torque and


rotational inertia.
Solve problems on rotational
dynamics
Let’s try to answer these questions.
1. What is torque?
2. What are the factors that affect torque?
3. What is a moment of inertia?
4. What are the factors affecting moment of inertia?
5. State the Newton’s Second Law for rotational motion and
write it in equation form.
Smile Break!
Force vs. Torque
• Forces cause accelerations
• What cause angular accelerations ?
• A door is free to rotate about an axis through O
• There are three factors that determine the effectiveness of the
force in opening the door:
• The magnitude of the force
• The position of the application of the force
• The angle at which the force is applied
General Definition of Torque
• Let F be a force acting on an object, and let r be a position vector from
a rotational center to the point of application of the force. The
magnitude of the torque is given by

  rF sin
•  = 0° or  = 180 °:
torque are equal to zero
•  = 90° or  = 270 °: torque attain to the maximum
• Torque will have direction
• If the turning tendency of the force is counterclockwise, the torque will be positive
• If the turning tendency is clockwise, the torque will be negative
Teeter-Totter

His weight
produces a
larger torque
F
Forces are
the same..

but Boy’s moment-arm is larger..


F
Net Torque
• The force F1 will tend to cause a
counterclockwise rotation about
O
• The force F2 will tend to cause a
clockwise rotation about O
• S  1 + 2  F1d1 – F2d2
• If S  0, starts rotating
• If S  0, rotation rate does not Rate of rotation of an object
change does not change, unless the
object is acted on by a net
torque
Torque on a Rotating Object
• Consider a particle of mass m rotating in a circle of radius r
under the influence of tangential force
• The tangential force provides a tangential acceleration:
Ft = mat
• Multiply both side by r, then
rFt = mrat
• Since at = r, we have
rFt = mr2
• So, we can rewrite it as
 = mr2
 = I
Torque on a Solid Disk
• Consider a solid disk rotating about its axis.
• The disk consists of many particles at various distance from the axis of
rotation. The torque on each one is given by
 = mr2
• The net torque on the disk is given by
S = (Smr2)
• A constant of proportionality is the moment of inertia,
I = Smr2 = m1r12 + m2r22 + m3r32 + …
• So, we can rewrite it as
S = I
Newton’s Second Law for a Rotating Object

• When a rigid object is subject to a net torque (≠0), it undergoes an


angular acceleration

S  I
• The angular acceleration is directly proportional to the net torque
• The angular acceleration is inversely proportional to the moment of
inertia of the object
• The relationship is analogous to

 F  ma
Smile Break!
Sample Word Problems
Example 2: Second Law for Rotation
When she is launched from a springboard, a diver's angular speed about her
center of mass changes from zero to 6.20 rad/s in 220 ms. Her rotational inertia
about her center of mass is constant at 12.0 kg·m2. During the launch, what are
the magnitudes of
(a) her average angular acceleration and
(b) the average external torque on her from the board?
 f - 0
a) Use: f  0 + t 
t

or  ave 
t
6.20
  28.2 rad/s2
0.22
b) Use: I  12 kg.m2
 ave  I  ave  12  28.2  338 N.m
Example 3: Finding Torque

If the force applied is perpendicular to the handle of the spanner


as shown in the diagram, find the (i) torque exerted by the force
about the center of the nut, (ii) direction of torque and (iii) type of
rotation caused by the torque about the nut.
Example 4:
Calculate the torque supplied by the wrench when an 8 N force is
applied as shown in the following figure.
Smile Break!
1. How much torque is created by a 100 N perpendicular force placed 0.45
meters from the fulcrum?

2. How much force would Joe have to apply perpendicular to create 550
Nm of torque 0.20 meters away from the bolt he is trying to loosen?

3. How far away must a 19.6 N weight be placed on the left of a fulcrum to
balance a 9.8 N weight 0.4 meters on the right?

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