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Ecen 557 Exam 2022

The document is an examination paper for the Bachelor of Science in Instrumentation and Control Engineering at Egerton University, focusing on Multivariable Control Systems. It consists of five questions, with the first question being compulsory, covering topics such as differences between SISO and MIMO systems, transfer functions, matrix algebra relationships, and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The exam is scheduled for December 2022 and allows students to use a scientific calculator and answer book.

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Teddy Mucai
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10 views6 pages

Ecen 557 Exam 2022

The document is an examination paper for the Bachelor of Science in Instrumentation and Control Engineering at Egerton University, focusing on Multivariable Control Systems. It consists of five questions, with the first question being compulsory, covering topics such as differences between SISO and MIMO systems, transfer functions, matrix algebra relationships, and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The exam is scheduled for December 2022 and allows students to use a scientific calculator and answer book.

Uploaded by

Teddy Mucai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

EGERTON UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
REGULAR - NJORO CAMPUS

FIFTH YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN


INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

ECEN 557: MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL SYSTEMS

STREAM: BSc. ICEN TIME: 2 HRS

EXAMINATION SESSION: DECEMBER YEAR: 2022

INSTRUCTIONS
(a) You should have the following for the examination.
Answer Book
Scientific calculator
(b) This paper consists of FIVE (5) questions.
(c) Answer Question one (1) COMPULSORY (30 marks) and any other TWO (2)
questions (20 marks each).

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QESTION ONE (30 MARKS)
(a) Name at least three (4) of the most important differences between scalar SISO systems
and MIMO systems. (2 marks)
(b) Name three (3) rules that are used when getting Transfer functions for MIMO systems.
Prove them. (6 marks)
(c) Use the rules in (b) to get the transfer functions for the block diagrams in the figure
Q1(c) (6 marks)

Figure Q1(c)
(d) Prove the following matrix algebra relationships in MIMO system analysis
(i) (I+L)-1+L(I+L)-1=S+T=I
(ii) G(I+KG)-1=(I+GK)-1G
(iii) GK(I+GK)-1=G(I+KG)-1K=(I+GK)-1GK
(iv) T=L(I+L)-1=(I+(L)-1)-1
Where,
L-Loop transfer function, S-Sensitivity Transfer function, T-Complementary Sensitivity
function.
(6 marks)

(e) Carry out a full SVD for a 2x2 (MIMO) system represented by . Make
appropriate comments as regards system interactivity, ill-conditionality.
(10 marks)

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QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)
(a) Explain briefly what a norm is and why it is useful in MIMO analysis.
(5 marks)
(b) Give three (3) different kind of vector spaces on which the most useful norms for MIMO
analysis are defined. (3 marks)
(c) Differentiate between spatial and functional (temporal) norms (2 marks)
(d) Calculate for the vector b=[b1, b2, b3]T=[1,3,-5]T for the following norms.
(i) Vector 1-norm
(ii) Vector 2-norm
(iii) Vector ∞-norm
You are given that a vector p-norm is defined as ║a║p=(∑|ai|p)1/p ; p≥1 ; a-vector with
m-elements.
Illustrate the contours for the vector p-norm ||a||p=1, for p=1, 2, ∞ and m=2.
(6 marks)
(e) Why are induced norms useful in MIMO analysis? Define the maximum column sum,
maximum row sum, and the singular value or spectral norms for a given matrix A.

i.e. (4 marks)

QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)


(a) Define
(i) Eigenvalues for a given (nxn) matrix A.
(ii) The spectral radius (A) of a given matrix A.
(iii) Singular Decomposition (SVD) of any (lxm) matrix A.
(6 marks)
(b) What is the physical interpretation of the SVD when applied to the frequency response of
a MIMO system represented by a transfer function matrix G(s) with m-inputs and
l-outputs. (6 marks)
(c) What three (3) advantages does SVD give over eigenvalue decomposition for analysing
gain and directionality of MIMO plants.
(3 marks)

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(d) Explain what the maximum and minimum singular values refer to. How do they relate to
the concept of input directions, and what are the physical interpretations/implications for
control of MIMO plants
(5 marks)

QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)


(a) Differentiate between Multi-loop and Multivariable control systems and mention the
typical strategies used in practice (industry) in handling each case. Name two (2) major decisions
made in multi-loop/multivariable control design.

(4 marks)

(b) With the aid of suitable diagrams illustrate the concept of loop interaction for a 2x2
multivariable control system. Show on it the direct and indirect effect of interaction. Draw
another diagram illustrating 1-1/2-2 and 1-2/2-1 controller pairing schemes. (4
marks)

(c) Obtain the response to a unit step change in U1, and U2 for a distillation column whose
transfer function matrix is given as G(s) below. Make comments on the effect of interactions.
(8 marks)

[ 12.8e-s -18.9e-s
]
G ( s )=¿ 16.7s+1 21.0s+1 ¿ ¿ ¿¿
¿

(d) What are the two (2) major problems arising from loop interactions. What four (4) alternative

(4 marks)

strategies can be employed in trying to minimize the effects of interactions?

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QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS)

(a) Given the matrix . Calculate the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).
Make any relevant comments.
(10 marks)
(b) Make a comparison between eigenvalue and singular value decomposition (SVD).
(3 marks)

(c) Calculate the Singular Values (


σ i ) of the transfer function matrix H given by

[ ]
1 0
H= 1
, where  is a small value <<1. i √ i
1 ¿
ε σ = λ ( H H ) , and H* is the
transpose of the complex conjugate of H (simply the transpose, if H is real) and i
represents the ith eigenvalue of the matrix (H*H). Can you suggest a reason for
investigating singularity in the context of multivariable control analysis?
(4 marks)
(d) What is the Condition Number (CN) and what is its significance in MIMO analysis.
(3 marks)

*******************END***********************

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