Course Title:

GEC131- Purposive Communication

Instructor:

Aqliah P. Zacaria, LPT

Trimester:

2nd Trimester
Module:

Module 2: Communication for Various Purposes

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

a. overcome the cause and symptoms of their stage fright.

b. present various speech types such as informative, persuasive, narrative and
demonstrative and share them on Facebook to reach a number of audiences.
c. communicate effectively in workplace context.
d. identify the difference between formal and informal report.
e. explain the significance of body language and feedback in workplace communication.
f. construct resume and application letter for employment purposes.
g. conduct a job-interview for employment purposes

Content Overview:

 Modes of Delivery and Types of Public Speaking

 Communication for Employment Purposes

Readings:

Communication for Various Purposes

Communication helps us answer one of our three fundamental needs: connection,

control and consistency. In doing so, one should learn how to communicate effectively by
utilizing the various purposes of communication such as to inform, to express feelings, to
imagine, to influence, and to meet social expectations. Communication in the workplace is very
important for companies to work effectively and be productive. Employees can experience
increased morale, productivity and commitment if they can communicate up and down a
company’s communication chain (In.Corp Global Pte Ltd, 2020).

Public Speaking

In elucidating about public speaking, Tapalla and Tapalla

(2010) said that you learn early in life that to succeed, you
have to be a good speaker. Thus, the great desire to be one is deeply ingrained in your conscious
and subconscious self, and you have good reasons, of course.

Overcoming Stage Fright in Public Speaking

Lucas (2007) said that one of the major concerns of

students in any speech class is stage fright. We may as well face
the issue squarely. Many people who converse easily in all
kinds of everyday situations become frightened at the idea of
standing before a group to make a speech.

He added that if you are worried about stage fright, you

may feel better knowing that you are not alone. A survey
conducted in 1973 asked more than 2,500 Americans to list their greatest fears. To the surprise
of the researchers, the largest number of people – 41 percent – listed speaking before a group
among their greatest fears. Amazing as it may seem, many Americans appear to consider public
speaking a fate worse than death.

Nervousness is Normal
Actually, most people tend to be anxious before doing something important in public.
Actors are nervous before a play, politicians are nervous before a campaign speech, athletes are
nervous before a big game. The ones who succeed have learned to use their nervousness to their
advantage (Dukoko1, 2020).
Lucas (2007) also observed that much the same thing happens in speechmaking. Surveys
show that 76 percent of experienced speakers have stage fright before taking the floor. But their
nervousness is a healthy sign that they are getting “psyched up” for a good effort. Novelist and
lecturer I. A. R Wylie explains, “Now after many practice I am, I suppose, really a ‘practiced
speaker.’ But I rarely rise to my feet without a throat constricted with terror and a furiously
thumping heart. When, for some reasons, I am cool and self-assured, the speech is always a
failure.”
In other words, it is perfectly normal – even desirable – to be nervous at the start of a
speech. Your body is responding as it would to any stressful situation – by producing extra
adrenaline. This sudden shot of adrenaline is what makes your heart race, your hands shake,
your knees knock, and your skin perspire. Every public speaker experiences all these reactions
to some extent. The question is: how can you control your nervousness and make it work for
you rather than against you?

Controlling or Dealing with Stage Fright

On the subject of dealing with stage fright, Lucas (2007)

advised that rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage
fright, you should aim at transforming it from a negative force
into what one expert calls positive nervousness – “a zesty,
enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge on it … it’s still
nervousness, but it feels different. You’re no longer victimized by it; instead, you’re vitalized by
it. You’re in control of it. Here are five time-tested ways you can turn your nervousness from a
negative force into positive one.

1. Acquire Speaking Experience

2. Prepare, Prepare, Prepare!
3. Think Positively
Negative thought Positive Thought
I wish I didn’t have to give this speech. This speech is a chance for me to share my
ideas and gain experience as a speaker.
I’m not a great public speaker. No one’s perfect, but I’m getting better with
each speech I give.
I’m always nervous when I give a speech. Everyone’s nervous. If other people can
handle it, I can too.
No one will be interested in what I have to I have a good topic and I’m fully prepared.
say. Of course, they’ll be interested.

4. Use the power of visualization

5. Know that Most Nervousness is not Visible

Modes of Delivery

Speech can be presented in different ways and, according to Capecce (2008), there are
four basic methods (sometimes called styles) of presenting a speech: manuscript, memorized,
extemporaneous, and impromptu. Each has a variety of uses in various forms ofcommunication.

Manuscript Style

The word manuscript is the clue to the style. The speech is written and the speaker reads
it word for word to the audience. Originally, it was done from the handwritten paper manuscript.
Today the manuscript style is common, but the paper is gone. Who reads the speech to the
audience? Answer: Newscasters and television personalities. In the old days, the manuscript
was hand-lettered on cue cards, which were held next to the camera lens. Then paper scrolls,
like printed piano rolls were used, especially in Soap Operas. Today, a special teleprompter
(working like a periscope) is attached to the camera so the newscaster is looking at the lens
while reading.

Why is the manuscript important and in use? Precision. In the news-reporting industry,
every fraction of a second counts because broadcast time is costly. Also, the facts and names
must be exact and accurate so there is no room for error. Errors in reporting decrease the
credibility of the news organization and the newscaster.

Memorized Style
The memorized style of speaking is when the manuscript is committed to memory and
recited to the audience verbatim (word for word). In the days when elocution was taught, this
was a typical approach. A speech was a recitation. The Optimists Club (a national organization)
used to have a “Oratory” contest for high school students. Contestants wrote essays on a given
theme, to create a speech at a specific time length (e.g.: three minutes). The essay was
memorized and the delivery was judged by 1) the quality of the writing, 2) the accuracy with
which it was recited; and 3) the precise length of time. Such contests seem archaic by today’s
more casual and somewhat less formal standards.

Where is a memorized delivery style still common? Due to copyright laws and licensing
contract agreements (other than scripts that are in the public domain), actors on stage are
obligated to memorize the script of the play and perform it verbatim exactly as written. It is
typical for speakers on high school and university speech and debate teams to memorize their
competitive speeches. Corporate conventions often use large LCD monitors on the front of the
stage as teleprompters. This allows the speaker to move more freely across the stage while
sticking to his or her script. Some monologists (such as the stand-up comics mentioned at the
start of the chapter) also use a memorized delivery style. In all cases, they create the impression
that the speech is spontaneous. You might consider using the memorized delivery style if your
speech is relatively short, or you know you will have to deliver your speech repeatedly such as a
tour operator would.

Impromptu Style

Theoretically, an “impromptu” speech is “made up on the spot.”

It is unprepared and unrehearsed. Often ceremonial toasts, grace before
meals, an acknowledgement, an introduction, offering thanks and so on,
fall into this category. While there are some occasions when a speech in those categories is
actually prepared (prepare your acceptance for the Academy Award BEFORE you are called!),
there are many occasions when there is little or no opportunity to prepare.

Impromptu speeches are generally short and are often given with little or no notice. Notes
are rare and the speaker generally looks directly at the audience. It would be presumptuous and
arrogant to declare rules for Impromptu Speaking. It is fair to explain that “impromptu”
describes a range from absolutely no preparation, to a modest amount of preparation (mostly
thought) and rarely incorporates research or the formalities of outlines and citations that more
formal speeches would include.
 Extemporaneous Style

Sandwiched between the memorized and impromptu delivery styles you find the
extemporaneous speech style. For this style, the speech is not completely written out. It is
usually delivered with keynotes for reference. Most public speaking courses and books describe
extemporaneous speeches as carefully prepared and rehearsed but delivered using notes of key
words and phrases to support the speaker. Phrasing is pre-rehearsed, words are pre-chosen, and
the organization is fluid and well-constructed. There should be no fumbling for words, no
rambling, and length of time should be carefully monitored. The style does offer the speaker
flexibility to include references to the immediate surroundings, previous speeches, news of the
day, and so on.

How you develop the notes and what they look like are up to the individual, but a natural
extemporaneous delivery is difficult if you are relying on a manuscript. Under no circumstances
should the speaker be spending more than 20% of the speaking time looking at the notes. It
would be ideal to practice so you only glance at your notes approximately 5% of the time of the
speech. The extemporaneous style is the method most often recommended (and often required)
in today’s public speaking courses, and is generally the best method in other settings as well.
While it is not the only method of delivering a speech, it is the most useful for presentations in
other courses, in the corporate world and in pursuing future careers.

“When it comes to being a public speaker, the type of speech to give depends on what
you are trying to accomplish” (My Speech Class, 2017). The different types of public speaking
include: speaking to inform, to persuade, to narrate or to describe.

Informative Speeches
Informative speeches aim to educate the audience. Speakers basically act as teachers
and provide new knowledge and ideas. Topics can include people (e.g., Jimi Hendrix, the Ainu
people in Japan), places (e.g., India, the Bermuda triangle), objects (e.g., chopsticks, a sculpture
by Rodin), events (e.g., folk festivals, space missions), concepts (e.g., intelligence, alternative
medicine), and issues (e.g., assisted suicide, industrial pollution) (Permadi, 2014).

My Speech Class (2017) explained that to be appealing to audience members, a topic

must be:

1. Dealt with at a stimulating level.

If you are merely teaching the audience information that they already know, you
will certainly bore them. If you teach them information that is “over their heads,” you
will lose their attention and interest. The key is to find a happy medium, new information
that they will readily grasp.

2. Dealt with creatively.

 Surprise your audience. Think about your topic in unexpected ways. Don’t merely step
behind the podium with a modified version of an essay you wrote in another class. Be
an entertainer. When an audience is entertained, they pay closer attention.

Your audience will also appreciate it if you pick a topic that is relevant to their lives.
Whether we care to admit it or not, deep down, we all have one primary interest:
ourselves. If your audience does not see a personal benefit that they will receive by
listening to your speech, the speech will not be very appealing. When presenting an
informative speech, it is important to have proper supporting material to enhance your
audience’s understanding of your topic.

Some forms of support include:

✓ Examples – It’s difficult to listen to someone speaking about an abstract idea with
which you have little familiarity.
✓ Statistics – The key is to pick statistics that are particularly startling or shocking.
✓ Facts – A good informative speech is filled with facts.
✓ Expert Opinion – Expert opinion involves using excerpts and quotations from people
who are highly respected in the field about which you are speaking.
Persuasive Speaking
“The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince your audience to agree with an idea or
opinion that you present” (Fleming, 2019).
Sarikas (2020) presented three criteria of a good persuasive speech topic:

1. It's Something You Know About or Are Interested in Learning About.

The most important factor in choosing and creating a great persuasive speech is
picking a topic you care about and are interested in. You'll need to do a lot of research on
this topic, and if it's something you like learning about, that'll make the process much
easier and more enjoyable.

2. It's a Topic People Care About.

Choose something you think people will be interested in hearing about.

3. It Isn't Overdone.
The are many potential topics for a persuasive speech. Be wary of choosing one
that's cliche or overdone. Even if you give a great speech, it'll be harder to keep your
audience interested if they feel like they already know what you're going to say.

Lampton (2019) proposes three ways to hook the audience’s attention during your
speech:
1. Move and keep on moving
Our eyes and our attention do not remain with still objects very long, yet we will stay
focused on objects in motion. Movement grabs us, not inactivity.
 2. Tell a compelling story
Statistics can be impressive and could alert audience.

3. Involve your audience

Find relevant, interesting, and tasteful activities that foster interaction.

Narrative Speeches
A narrative essay or speech is used to tell a story, often one that is based on personal
experience. This genre of work comprises works of nonfiction that hew closely to the facts and
follow a logical chronological progression of events. Writers often use anecdotes to relate their
experiences and engage the reader. In doing so, you can give your narrative a level of emotional
appeal. It can be serious or humorous, but this emotional appeal is essential if you want to give
your audience some way to connect with your story (Nordquist, 2018).

A narrative speech is a speech telling a story. While stories can be told in many different ways,
they usually consist of FIVE PARTS (Labov, 1972 cited in Lucas, 2007).

1. Opener: A short statement announcing the story (e.g., “You won’t believe what happened
to me . . .,” “Did I ever tell you . . .,” “I’ll always remember when . . .”).
2. Orientation: Introduction of time, place, and characters (e.g., “Last Saturday, I went
canoeing with my boyfriend on Bear River.”).
3. Complicating Events: The events of the story (e.g., We arrived at the rental place at 10
a.m. events and got a really nice, red canoe . . . . Suddenly, the water swept us away . . . .
Next thing we knew, we capsized . . . . And as if that wasn’t enough, we lost everything to
the river: our lunch, sun hats, and towels.”).
4. Resolution: How the story ends (e.g., “We were soaking wet but still alive.”).
5. Coda: A connection between the past and the present (e.g., “Looking back, it was quite
funny, really.”).

Gareis (2006) said that when people tell a story well, they also employ TECHNIQUES to make
it worth listening. These techniques include directly telling the audience how to feel (e.g.,
“you’ll be amazed”), recreating noises (e.g., “the water went s-w-o-o-s-h”), exaggerating (e.g.,
“we were under water for an eternity”), and evaluating individual events (e.g., “I was so
scared”).

Writing An Engaging Speech

Before you can begin writing your speech, you must first establish the main topic about
which you plan to speak. Brainstorm early and often! Once you start to get an idea of your
topic, do a little preliminary research. See what others may have written or said about your
general topic; reading their ideas may help give you some new ideas or directions of your own
(Lumen, n. d.).
A good and engaging speech has the following DIVISIONS: Introduction, Body and

Conclusion. However, the speech writing can be a tedious process. The following discussions
can make the speech writing process easier and fun (Lucas, 2007):

INTRODUCTION. One of the most important parts of a speech is the introduction. The
introduction should function as an attention-getter, create interest, motivate the audience to
listen, establish your credibility, and give a preview of your main points.

How to Create an Effective INTRODUCTION

1. Gain the Attention of Your Audience

The first few sentences of your speech should serve to gain the attention of your
listeners. Instead of saying “Today, I will speak about . . . “or “My topic is . . .,” begin
with one of the following openers.
❖ A rhetorical question (no answer expected)
❖ A participatory question (wait for answers from the audience or a show of
hands)
❖ A colorful description
❖ A quotation (from a famous person or from a piece of literature or music—
you can find quotations arranged by subject matter in quotation dictionaries
in any library or bookstore)
❖ An audiovisual aid
❖ A suspenseful story
❖ A joke or funny anecdote
❖ A reference to a current event
❖ Surprising statistics

2. Motivate Your Audience

Point out how the topic relates to your listeners and why it is relevant for them. This
part oyour introduction should answer the question: “Why should the audience listen?”

3. Establish Your Credibility

Tell the audience what makes you knowledgeable on the subject. You may list classes
you have taken, professional training, research projects, or personal experiences that
make you a credible speaker. This part of your introduction should answer the question:
“Why should the audience listen to you?”

4. Preview Your Main Points

There is a saying: “Tell them what you are going to say; say it; then tell them what you
said” (Jaffe, 1998, p. 172 cited in Lucas, 2007). To list your main points briefly before
 you move to the body of your speech (where you mention them again and elaborate on
them) may seem like overkill to you; however, for your audience, this preview provides
invaluable guidance that helps them focus on each point with more ease and follow your
train of thought throughout the speech

BODY. The next step is to arrange your main points within the body. For this
purpose, you need to consider the general content of your main points. Look at your material
and divide it into major points. In general, the fewer main points you have, the better. A
relatively small number of main points make your speech more translucent and memorable
for the audience. A short speech of five minutes, for example, should not have more than
three or four main points.

CONCLUSION. While the introduction leads into the body, the conclusion leads out of it
and provides closure. Introductions and conclusions should be about equal in length and
significantly shorter than the body.

As a rule of thumb, the introduction and conclusion together should be about one fifth
of the total speech (i.e., in a five-minute speech, the introduction and conclusion should be
about half a minute each.
How to Create an Effective CONCLUSION

1. Signal the End

Pause slightly before you start your conclusion. Use a term like to conclude or in conclusion to
show your listeners that you have completed the main part of your presentation.

2. Review Your Main Points

Just as you listed your major points during the introduction, list them again in your
conclusion. This will help your audience recall your major ideas and result in a sense of
accomplishment.

3. Refer to the Introduction

Referring to the introduction will provide your audience with a sense of closure. For example, if
you started with a suspenseful story, provide the conclusion now. Or if you mentioned
some surprising statistics, repeat them and relate them to your overall presentation.

4. End with an Impact

Use the last few sentences of your speech to ensure that you leave a good and memorable
impression. The following are a few techniques useful in ending with an impact.
❖ Humor
❖ A thought-provoking question
❖ A quotation
❖ A call for action
❖ A connection to a larger context
Below is a sample speech outline that presents how a speech can be written
bearing in mind the guidelines discussed.

Sample Speech Outline

Title: Planting and Arranging Flowers as Stress Reliever During the Pandemic

General Purpose: To inform

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how planting flowers can be a stress reliever
Central Idea: Planting and Arranging flowers is fun, inexpensive and a stress reliever
during the pandemic.

I. Introduction
A. (Gaining Attention): (Anecdote): I once received a dozen red roses
from a secret admirer.
B. (Motivating the Audience): Planting and arranging flowers is fun, affordable
and a stress reliever.
C. (Establishing Credibility): I took a flower arrangement course last year.
D. (Preview of Main Ideas): I will describe how to select flowers, the proper
way of planting, and how it can relieve
stress.
II. Body
A. How to select flowers
B. How to plant flowers properly
C. How planting can relieve stress

III. Conclusion
A. (Signaling the End): “To conclude”
B. (Review of Main Points): I have discussed how to select flowers, how to plant
flowers properly, and how planting can be stress relieving.
C. (Reference to Introduction): I ended up marrying my secret admirer.
D. (Ending with Impact):
E. Giving flowers do not need special occasions.
F. Surprise a loved one with a bouquet tomorrow.
 SPEECH OUTLINE FORM

Title: ________________________________

General Purpose: ______________________________________________________

Specific Purpose: ______________________________________________________
Central Idea: ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
I. Introduction
A. Gaining Attention:
B. Motivating the Audience:
C. Establishing Credibility:
D. Preview of Main Ideas:
II. Body
A.
B.
C.
III. Conclusion
A. Signaling the End:
B. Review of Main Points:
C. Reference to Introduction:
D. Ending with Impact:

Communication for Work Purposes

Communication is a foundation and an essential part of every human relationship. As it

occurs in different contexts, communicating can be especially tricky. Workplace
Communication, to be specific, requires exceptional skill and performance. Cole (2019) claimed
that the way in which you communicate with other individuals in your workplace or your
business can go a long way in how others perceive you and thus relate to you.

According to Webb (2020), internal communication happens between company

employees. External communication is used to advertise, sell, respond and build the business.
External communication happens between company representatives and customers, vendors and
others. Examples of internal communications are memos, email messages, instant messages and
phone calls. Many forms of external workplace communication are available, including faxes,
Internet websites and advertising.

Effective Workplace Communication

 Effective communication in the workplace does not only lead a person to resolving
conflict but also performs as a significant building block to your relationships with the team,
colleagues, clients, and other stakeholders. Furthermore, it may lead to the following results: a)
generates flourishing working environment; b) aids in eliminating cultural barriers; c) expands
employee relationship; d) promotes collaboration; e) stimulates positive transformation; and a lot
more.
In order to achieve Effective Workplace Communication, there are several guidelines
given to direct individuals. Cole (2019) listed in her book Communication in the Workplace:
Everything You Need To Know About Effective Communication Strategies At Work To Be A Better
Leader the following guidelines to be an effective communicator in the workplace:

1. Match up body language and words.

2. Awareness of gender differences in communication styles
3. Understand cultural differences.
4. Communicate in person and less reliance to technology.
5. Provide and accept constructive criticism.
6. Convey one’s emotions.

Understanding Body Language

As discussed in the previous chapters, verbal and non-verbal communication play a vital
role in workplaces. Even body language says a lot about who people are and determines others’
impression of them. Oftentimes, people exhibit certain body languages unmindful of the
messages they project to others.

Here are some of the body language mistakes that one makes at work, according to Cole
(2019):

1. Bad posture or slouching

2. Making restless movements
3. Tensed expression
4. Being too casual
5. Not maintaining eye contact or looking down
6. Crossing your arms
7. Being unaware of one’s proxemics

The Art of Asking Questions and Giving Feedback

 Asking questions and giving feedback are also vital tasks that one has to bear in mind in
order to achieve Effective Workplace Communication. Through planning and understanding the
focus of the communication, one may improve the communication in general.
Alessandra and Hunsaker (1993) drew on several tips and strategies to master the art of
asking questions and giving feedback in the workplace:
For asking questions, for example, there are several strategies to follow in order to successfully
formulate questions for the purpose of meeting the objectives. These strategies are vital in order
to get the information you need, gain confidence, stimulate and verify information. They
include:

1. Manage a plan
2. Keep simple questions
3. Be attentive
4. Be gentle
5. Seek permission
6. Avoid uncertainty
7. Do not manipulate

Misunderstanding often occurs among workers when one does not adhere to the
appropriate ways of asking question. Similarly, providing feedback seems to be a core to
effective workplace communication. Proper way of giving feedback may create a good
communication climate. There are guidelines to follow in giving feedback, such as:
1. Avoid presumptions
2. Ask questions
3. Avoid words that can be easily misinterpreted
4. Be alert
5. Focus on the behavior, not the person
6. Keep back feedback at certain situations

Workplace Communication through Technical Reports

Technical report is an informative document that provides functional information about a
course, progress or outcome of a particular subject matter. Technical report, unlike creative
writing, is a communicatory prose written in common parlance. This written communication is
divided into two categories: Informal Report and Formal Report.
Informal Reports are naturally short in length. This type of report is usually intended
for transmission within the scope of an organization. Moreover, an informal report, unlike a
formal report, typically excludes certain parts of a report such as the cover page, title page, table
of contents, etc. The purpose of this technical report is to inform individuals within a specific
organization about a subject matter; it does not target a larger scope of audience. Examples of
informal reports are memorandum, bulletin, letter report and booklets.

Formal Reports are in-depth written discourse with stylized format unfolding the
nature of the report and the requisites of a wider scope of readers. This type of report contains
all the basic parts of a standard report format. Examples of formal reports are proposal, progress
report, annual report, feasibility study and research study.

Technical Reports in a workplace are necessary to inform the people or the company in
general about a certain subject matter. Young (2005) posited basic rules to follow when writing
reports:

1. Employ serious yet communicative language

2. Avoid ambiguity
3. Get to the point directly
4. Be precise
5. Utilize formal language
6. Arrange your ideas
7. Lay down actual and objective results
8. Use bias-free terms

Communication for Professionals

Applying for a job is probably one of the most challenging tasks an individual has to go
through. In today’s time though, it has even become more difficult because of safety and health
risks brought about by the pandemic. However, despite this, the digital world has opened more
doors of opportunity not just for learning but for employment purposes. So long as an applicant
knows the what-to-do’s, then, his chance for getting a job is visible.

Making Professional E-mails

With the advancing technology, communicating to people from all over the world has become a
lot easier. In fact, a lot of communication tools can be used such as mobile phones, computers,
and others in accessing social media sites and the like. In the workplace, however, probably, one
of the best choices a job applicant can make is submitting his resume and application letter
using e-mails.

E-mail

WordWeb Software (n. d.) defined e-mail (electronic mail) as “a system of electronic
message communication via network, especially the Internet.” It is an important method of
business communication that is fast, cheap, accessible and easily replicated. In fact, because of
its speed and efficiency, it is considered to be one of the most widely used forms of
communication both in and out of the workplace (Indeed Career Guide, 2020).
 Making an e-mail, or a professional e-mail, at that, requires the sender to know the
important details to be included to relay a successful and perfect message. Professional e-mail
might be needed when sending a cover or application letter to a potential employer, a thank-you
letter to a colleague who agreed to be a reference, a resignation letter to your boss, or a request
for a letter of recommendation.
Parts of an E-mail

An e-mail is composed of five (5) parts, namely, (1) subject line which is a short phrase
that summarizes the reason for your message or the goal of your communication; (2) salutation
which is the first line of your email and generally acts as the greeting; (3) body which is the full
message of your e-mail; (4) closing which is the last line of your email before your signature
and should wrap up your message; and (5) signature which is where you identify yourself by
your e-signature (optional), name, title and any other information relevant to your
communication (Indeed Career Guide, 2020).
 Figure 5: E - mail F ormat S ample

Professional E-mail Message Guidelines

✓
What TO DO: What NOT TO DO:
1. Purpose: “You must identify your 1. Font Avoid ornate, playful,
goal or purpose for writing and make Style: or
sure it is concisely written in the colored fonts; these simply distract
 subject line” (Indeed Career Guide, the recipient from your actual
2020). message. Avoid overusing bold and
2. Greeting: You must create a pleasant italics as well, which make an
start to message the addressee, email look cluttered. Do not write
whether “greeting him using his title in all capital letters either; this
or his first name” (Doyle, 2020). comes across as angry or
3. Message: “Make sure your message overexcited in an
is complete, concise, error-free (in email (Doyle, 2020).
spelling and grammar), and Emoticons: “You must not include
professional” (Doyle, 2020). More 2. emoticons in a professional email;
importantly, the information such as you may save these for personal
dates, names, position applied for,
correspondence” (Doyle, 2020).
and other important details must be
highlighted.
4. Back-up copy. “Use the Bcc field to
send a copy of the email message to
yourself, so you have a record of
when you sent the message and who
you sent it to” (Doyle, 2020). Do this
before sending a copy to the
recipient. This is also one way to
check if everything is successfully
made.
5. Closing: ‘Sign off with a brief
"Thank you," "Best," or another
simple sendoff, and then your name.
Most email accounts let you embed a
signature with your name, title, and
contact information into every email’
(Doyle, 2020).

Writing a professional email requires you to follow some guidelines in order to avoid
mistakes when sending one.

Table 1: The Do’s and Don’t’s of Sending an E-mail

Writing Resume and Application Letter

In applying for a job, there are a lot of factors to be considered. Because of the many
applicants for one position, you may want to immediately meet and talk to your potential
employer and brag about yourself and achievements. However, before you can finally get there,
you have to impress him first by laying out your qualifications through writing your resume and
application letter.

RESUME
Career Center (n. d.) defined resume as a “marketing tool to make an impact on a
potential employer and secure an interview. The goal is to make your materials so engaging that
the reader cannot wait to meet you.” It also offered some guidelines in writing a resume:

Resume Format Guidelines

Contact Information • Put your contact information at the top of your resume (state your
name, address [optional], phone number, and e-mail address).
Education • List your degrees in reverse chronological order (recent to latest).
Include relevant coursework to highlight your specific skills and
knowledge, such as your awards and achievements.
Experience • List your most recent experience first and do not overlook
internships, volunteer positions, and part-time employment. Use
action verbs to highlight accomplishments and skills.
Leadership and • List leadership positions in university or community
Activities organizations. Highlight activities including community service,
athletics (which could be a separate heading), or volunteer
experience.
Academic Projects • If you have specific academic projects that qualify you for the
position, include them in their own section with details on what
you accomplished.
Additional • This section may stand alone under the “Additional Information”
Information heading and highlight relevant information that may include
computer skills, language skills, professional associations,
university and community activities (including any offices held),
and interests.
Other Headings • Choosing to highlight information such as interests and
professional associations as separate headings is acceptable if
relevant to the position. Personal information (e.g., religious and
political affiliations) should be omitted unless relevant to the job.
References • Do not list your references on your resume. A prepared list of 2-4
references should be printed on a separate sheet of paper that
matches your resume format. Bring a hard copy (or multiple
copies, if needed) of your resume and references with you to the
interview.
Table 2: Resume Guidelines
 Add a RECENT PHOTO here

Zarina G. Lee
Dalipuga, Iligan City
+63 948 000 5555
[email protected]

EDUCATION

Iligan Philippine College, Iligan City

August 2020
Master of Arts in English Language Teaching

Mindanao State University – Main Campus, Marawi City

June 18, 2017
Bachelor of Arts in English
Cum Laude

EXPERIENCE

English Teacher
Iligan Philippine College, Iligan
City August 2017 – July 2019

Part-time English online lecturer

XYZ Online Teaching Company, Cebu City
June 2019 – June 2020

SKILLS

✓ Provide emotional, social and academic support for students at collegiate level to increase
their communication skills and improve their academic and job prospects

✓ Collaborate with teachers and counselors to provide a quality educational experience both
inside and outside the classroom

✓ Held a weekly writers' workshop that helped students of all ages to gain a greater
command of
grammar and other concepts

OTHER INFORMATION
✓ Fluent in English, Filipino, Bisaya, and Chinese
✓ Current with English teaching strategies, methodologies, and techniques
✓ Proficient with Blackboard and other teaching software
✓ Excellent at Microsoft Office (MS Word, Excel, PPT, etc.) use
Application Letter

“An application letter, or a cover letter, is the official business letter often included with
a job application and/or resume and sent to a prospective employer” (Lemoine, 2019).

When writing an application letter, always remember that you are not alone in applying
for that specific job – it is going to be a tough competition, thus, your ultimate goal is to win
and obtain an interview. It is also important to note that you need to know what the employer
wants so that you can include those in your letter because an application letter is like a sales
letter that is made to sell an applicant’s personality and qualifications to a future employer.

To guide you in writing your application letter, Driz (2015) described the parts of an
application letter as follows:

1. INSIDE ADDRESS contains the name of the employer, his/her position, the company’s
name and the address of the company or organization.
2. SALUTATION contains the greeting addressed to the employer.
3. BODY OF THE LETTER contains all the messages you want your reader to
understand.

Suggestions in Making and Organizing the Body of the Letter (Baraceros, 2013 cited in
Driz 2015):

A. First Paragraph attracts the attention of the employer.

1st sentence: The way the writer came to know of the job opening

2nd sentence: The exact purpose of the writer

B. Second Paragraph indicates your educational attainment.
C. Third Paragraph indicates work experience and training sessions attended.
D. Fourth Paragraph states personal attitudes, interests, qualities, and activities
towards the job.
E. Fifth Paragraph convinces the employer to believe that you are the right person
the company has been looking for.
F. Sixth Paragraph urges the employer to act on your application letter by
requesting for an interview.
4. COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE serves to end the message just as goodbye serves to end
a conversation.
5. SIGNATURE contains the name and signature of the writer.

Exercises:
Activity 1: Check that Fear!

Do you have stage fright? What are your tendencies when you are feeling nervous in
front of an audience? List 3 nervousness symptoms (e.g., sweaty palms, dry mouth, shaky legs,
etc.) Write your answer in a clean white bond paper.

Activity 2: Are you up for Tiktok Challenge?

Instruction:

Read the following script and try to mimic how a real flight attendant did in the Tiktok
challenge. Record your voice only and share in the Class Group Chat.

“ Ladies and gentlemen, we have just landed at Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Cebu
Pacific Air welcomes you Manila. On behalf of your Flight Dech Crew headed by Captain
______ with First Officer (name) ______ and the rest of the team, we thank you for choosing
Cebu Pacific, your airline of choice.”

Activity 3: Watch that, Champ!

Watch the video on The Greatest Speech of Leonardo DiCaprio: Climate Change
uploaded by Le Fou (2016) in the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v2Cc8E3BWOqA.com
identify the purpose of the speaker’s speech. Is it to inform, demonstrate, persuade, or narrate?
Write a 2-paragraph explanation of your answer including your own reflection about the video.

Activity 4: Solve Me!

Enumerate five (5) workplace communication challenges that you encountered in your
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING (OJT) experience either back in your senior high school days or your
current OJT and provide your own solutions. Write your answer in a separate white bond paper.

Activity 5: Please, Elaborate…

In your own understanding, define the terms technical, informal and formal. You answer
must be written in a clean bond paper. (300 words)
Assessment:

Task 1: Compose a Speech

Instructions:

1) Review the provided speech outline form

2) Select a subject or topic that interests you and that you feel passionate about.

3) Compose your speech: following the structure of the provided outline form, develop your
speech using the outline. Make sure to include the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Task 2: It’s Your Time to Shine!

Instructions:

Select and record a three-minute video recorded speech on the topic provided below.
Selected topics must be uploaded on YouTube. Send the links of your uploaded videos in our
GC.

 TED Talk (Informative Speech)

 DIY Tutorial (Demonstration Speech)
 It’s Okay Not to Be Okay Moment (Narrative Speech)

Task 3: Email

Instructions:

Imagine yourself as a fresh graduate of your chosen profession. Email your future self
(with copy to your instructor) share your plans and discuss the possible actions that you will take
to successfully make your plans come to reality. You may send your Email at
[email protected]

Task 4: Create a Resume

Instructions:

Following the Resume format provided, create your resume by gathering all the
necessary information that you needed. The resume must be printed either in short bond paper or
F4.

Task 5: Compose an Application Letter

Instructions:
 Your application should be addressed to your instructor and align the job you are
applying for to your chosen profession. It must be printed.

Task 6: Record a Video Answering Job Interview Questions

Instructions:

Make a recorded video answering job interview questions, select a quiet and well-lit
location. Wear a formal attire.

Questions:

 Tell me something about yourself.

 Why are you interested in this position?
 Why should we hire you?
 What are your salary expectations?
 What are your long-term career goals?
 How do you handle stress?
 How do you stay organized and managed your time?
 Give me an example of a time you went above and beyond in your role.
 Describe a situation where you had to deal with a difficult coworker or client.

Submission Deadline: All activities and Tasks in Module 2 must be submitted on or before
MARCH 10, 2025. Failure to submit all the requirements to the given deadline will result in
a failing grade.
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