International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and

Information Technology
ISSN : 2456-3307 Available Online at : www.ijsrcseit.com
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT2390626

Review and Comparative Study of Different Energy Saving Techniques in Manet

Mohan Patsariya*, Anand Rajavat
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth VishwaVidyalaya
Indore, India

ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT

Energy efficiency plays a vital role in the design of protocols for the applications
Article History:
in networks to enhance the network lifetime. Since the networks nodes are
Accepted: 15 Nov 2023 battery-powered, thus energy or battery power is a precious resource that has to
Published: 30 Nov 2023 be carefully used by the nodes in order to avoid an early network failure. In
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks researcher has focused on various energy parameters
through managing transmission and distribution of loads by limiting the
Publication Issue dynamic energy for communication required to send or receive packets. Many
Volume 9, Issue 6 researchers suggested, to attain efficient power conservation dual approach may
November-December-2023 be combined and power usage can be limited by making mobile nodes in-active.
Page Number In this paper we present a comparative analysis based on review study and have
196-201 a closer look at some protocols, energy saving techniques and methods adopted
in saving power for MANET.
Keywords : MANET, Energy Efficiency Routing, Energy Routing Protocols

I. INTRODUCTION operations are used to enhance the network lifetime

Extensive studies on energy conservation in wireless ad
The greatest challenge in the design of wireless ad hoc hoc networks has been done. Wireless
networks is the limited availability of the energy communications system consume significant amount
resources. These resources are quite limited in wireless of battery power, and therefore efficient energy
networks than in wired networks. Energy-efficient operations or scheme are critical to enhance the life of
communication system is critical for increasing the life such networks. Some amount of energy is lost even
of power limited wireless ad hoc networks. Each when a node is in idle mode or condition. During the
mobile node is based on the operation by a limited previous couple of years, there has been expanding
energy battery and usually it is impossible to recharge enthusiasm for the outline of energy efficient protocols
or replace the batteries during a mission. Since wireless for wireless communication systems. Energy-restricted
communication system expend noteworthy measures batteries power the vast majority of the mobile nodes
of battery power or energy, hence the restricted in a wireless network system; the constrained battery
battery lifetime forces an extreme imperative on the lifetime is an obstacle to network performance.
execution of system. In MANET Energy efficient

Copyright © 2023 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative 196
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited.
 Mohan Patsariya et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., November-December-2023, 9 (6) : 196-201

II. NEED OF ENERGY sharing approach to avoid wasting energy and

maximize the lifetime of a mobile accidental network
In the current past years energy efficient routing in Ad (MANET). During this theme [6] (E-DSR) combines
hoc network was addressed by numerous research two approaches that try and minimize the quantity of
works, which has created so much development and energy consumed throughout routing. The transmit
original thoughts in this field. Most of the today’s work power management approach minimizes total
is based on energy efficient routing because power is transmission energy. The weakness of this E-DSR
main concern in ad- hoc wireless networks. Each approach is that it usually chooses an identical slightest
protocol has some advantages and shortcomings. It is transmission management path, which makes this path
totally depends upon the parameters of network which be to overused and therefore 'die' quicker than
decide the which protocol is to be used. alternative ways. The load sharing approach focuses on
The nodes in a network consume energy in four equalisation energy usage among nodes by avoiding
different ways. [1] over-utilized nodes.
1. On sending a packet
According to Ahlam Hashim Mohsin et. Al. [7] in 2012,
2. On receiving of data packet
presents the adjustment of nodes inside a network with
3. In idle mode condition
the information about location for the minimization of
4. In sleep mode condition
retransmission and limiting the power consumption,
however this was achieved on network reach ability.
III. RELATED WORK
Author finished that for single protocols it's
unimaginable to deliver the general performance
M. Rehan Rasheed et al. [2] investigate different
demands for painter while not mercantilism off
routing protocols and evaluate their performances
alternative execution measurements to accomplish
based on 802.16 WiMAX networks. Using simulation
high energy conservation.
technique, different routing protocols have been tested
with various network parameters. Results show that Khalid et al. [8] projected a degree rule for limiting
DSDV in general performs better than other routing power usage in network. The proposed protocol uses
protocols. [3] They conclude different routing the built-in GPS for information regarding placement
protocols behave differently in 802.16 networks of nodes to check average distance of primary source
according to their internal working mechanism. [4] It and neighbours. Protocol gives information regarding
is found that in terms of the packet delivery fraction random distance between the nearest and farthest hops
parameter, the DSDV protocol has the best with it’s neighbours for adjusting the transmission. In
performance which outperforms both DSR and AODV proposed technique simulation is performed on two
but it is also experienced that the packet delay in DSDV kinds of flooding algorithm which support the result
are greater than the delay experienced by the on- and was shown that the influence on power
demand routing protocols consumption varied from 10 – 15%. Based on the result
it is clearly shown that, this quantity of power
M. Tarique et al. [5] presents the Design,
conservation is higher, and it also save power as results
implementation, and performance of the Energy
from network transmission parameters.
Saving Dynamic supply Routing (E-DSR) protocol. E-
DSR could be a changed version of dynamic supply The proposed protocol [9] is designed for multi hop
routing (DSR) that integrates the benefits of a wireless networks and uses distributed technique that
transmission power management approach and a load limits the power consumption of the network. The
proposed approach performs the multi- hop routing

Volume 9, Issue 6, November-December-2023 | http://ijsrcseit.com 197

 Mohan Patsariya et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., November-December-2023, 9 (6) : 196-201

and associated with stay-awake and sleeps cycle of the The proposed approaches [18][19] considered the
nodes, whereas some other nodes can remain in mode network parameters like partitioning and take the
of power saving and also become an organizer if they advantage of these network and minimizes the
must remain awaken. The selection of organizer nodes overhead problems caused due to infrastructure less
depends upon area adaptively chosen by proposed architecture of MANET. Rather than using the
protocol, and through permitting intermediate nodes network size, this approach depends on the multicast
to use delay and decide to become a co-ordinator or not cluster size, which results in higher performance ration
inside a network and by rotating the sequence timely. as compared to other protocols for MANETs that
The procedure adopted in proposed protocol conjointly consisting many intermediate nodes. The simulation
conserves the capability, and conjointly decreases the result shows that, due to the high packet delivery ratio
free latency and provides the sizable power savings. [10] in mobile environments, this is the most considerable
The power saving quality decreases the node density power savings technique as compared to already
inside the networks and outperforms since the nodes existing algorithms. What makes PEMA thus very
were awaken and coordinates for minimization of node different is its speed; it's very quick as a result of its
traffic [11]. period is freelance of its network size and also the
routing. [20]
Preeti Arora et al. [12] focus upon those routing
protocols particularly designed for wireless networks. IV. PROBLEM DEFINITION
Here, they study and compare the performance of
various accidental routing protocols like (AODV, DSR, The problem of conservation of energy with
and ZRP) for Mobile WiMAX surroundings beneath economical routing in MANETs will be self-addressed
the belief that every of the subscriber node has routing at totally different layers. Improvement in the field of
capabilities at intervals its own network. From utilization of energy resources and mobile nodes, have
simulation, they found that ZRP and AODV protocols been addressed by many researchers in the recent
outgo DSR and applications area unit growing apace times. Different schemes were projected for limiting
because it provides freedom to the subscribers to be on- the power usage in wireless network for achieving the
line where they're at a competitive worth and energy consumption in transmission of data packets
alternative vital facilities like increasing amounts of between sender and receiver by using various energy-
information measure, employing a type of mobile node aware routing protocols. Many researchers suggested
devices etc. [13][14]. different schemes for restricting the packets through
nodes with lo residual energy. In MANET, data
In this proposed approach [15] for power saving,
flooding, medium collision and interference are the
author considers that all the devices are connected
factors which slowed down the performance of the
with GPS receiver inside a network; this approach
wireless network.
gives introduction about geographical wireless
networks GAF [16]. The proposed approach is based on V. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE
the concept of network optimization for power saving ENERGY CONSERVATION ROUTING
in a large wireless network, which is free from routing PROTOCOL
protocol adopted by the nodes. The higher rate of The performance demand of different protocols
energy is conserved by turning off uncalled-for nodes, reviewed so far has very pitched the additional benefits
and through maintaining the level of routing overhead and downsides of those protocols against one another.
[17]. In the maximum amount as of these protocols strived
to cut back power consumption either at node level or

Volume 9, Issue 6, November-December-2023 | http://ijsrcseit.com 198

 Mohan Patsariya et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., November-December-2023, 9 (6) : 196-201

on the network generally, all projected solutions have but they are best suited in their criteria. Hence, it is
a form of trade-off that permit attend have conspicuous observed that a new concept of hybrid routing
energy saving. To bring out this performance trade-off, protocols scheme with the energy aware technique
Hashim, A., Kamalrulnizam, A., Adebanjo, A., & may be able to short out these limitations and provides
Kayhan, Z. (2012) presents an exceedingly tabular type the better performance.
as represented in Table 1.1, during this paper we tend
VII. FUTURE WORK
to take into account the subsequent as major
performance parameters: the amount of routes In future, the study and implementation of energy-
established throughout route discovery, the message efficient algorithms for wireless networks quite
overheads, energy preserved in average , magnitude constitutes a vast area of research in the field of ad hoc
relation of information PDR, the lifetime of network, networks. In future an approach can be designed
the node-to-node delay information, complexness of which provides suitable baseline in the field of security
the algorithm and eventually, these parameters and congestion control technique. This review study is
establish a direct relationship with energy also useful in the field of load balancing and load
conservation . sharing technique. This will also help to full fill
TABLE I MANET requirement an energy module can also be
SOURCE : HASHIM A., KAMALRULNIZAM, A., improved in future. This paper presents common issues
ADEBANJO, A., & KAYHAN, Z. . NETWORK PROTOCOLS related to energy saving in MANET and various energy
AND ALGORITHMS ISSN 1943, 3581, 4-2. saving schemes and their comparison based on
different parameters. MANET has vast potential; still,
EFFICIE NO
PROTO OVERH NT P DE- LIFETI
it has many challenges left to be solved. In our survey,
COL EAD ENERG D NO ME OF COMPLE we describe a variety of energy schemes that may
Y R DE NETW XITY
present on different layers. This study tried to answer
PARAM DEL ORK
ETER AY ‘How the better services can be obtained in MANET?’
LBPC L M A AV M Y MANET needs very specialized energy saving model; a
V
single approach does not fit for all the energy saving
SPAN L H A H H N
V schemes.
EELAR L H H L H N REFERENCES
PEMA M H A L H N
[1] Hashim, A., Kamalrulnizam, A., Adebanjo, A., &
V
E-DSR L H H L H Y Kayhan, Z. (2012). A survey of energy-aware
routing and MAC layer protocols in MANETS:
VI. SURVEY EXTRACTION / CONCLUSION Trends and challenges. Network Protocols and
Algorithms ISSN 1943, 3581, 4-2.
[2] M. Rehan Rasheed, M. Kamran Khan, M.
MANET protocols use routing broadcast technique and
Naseem, Aisha Ajmal and Ibrahim M. Hussain
that cause maximum routing overhead in the network,
“Performance of Routing Protocols in WiMAX
so there is a need to minimize routing overhead for the
Networks”, IACSIT International Journal of
better performance, MANET also faces the problem of
Engineering and Technology, Vol.2, No.5, ISSN:
limited battery power because each node work through
1793-8236 October 2010.
the energy value. By the related study it is observed
[3] Yonghui chen, chunfeng zhang and zhiqin liu,
that no single protocol is efficient for enhancing
“Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Based on
network performance in MANET. Routing protocols
Energy of node and Stability of Topology”, in 3rd
have a limitation of enhancing network performance

Volume 9, Issue 6, November-December-2023 | http://ijsrcseit.com 199

 Mohan Patsariya et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., November-December-2023, 9 (6) : 196-201

International conference on Information and Computer Engineering, pp.404–407, 2005.

computing, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2005.1556957
[11] Mohammed M., “Energy Efficient Location
[4] Xiaoying Zhang, Thomas Kunz, Li Li and Oliver
Aided Routing Protocol for Wireless MANETs”,
Yang, “An Energy efficient Broadcast Protocol in
International Journal of Computer Science and
MANETs,” Communications Networks and
Information Security, vol. 4, no. 1 & 2, 2009.
Services Research Conference, Proceedings of
[12] Preeti Arora, G N Purohit “Comparative
the 2010 8th Annual Communication Networks
Analysis of Ad hoc Routing Unicast Protocols
and Services Research Conference, Pages: 199-
(Using WiMax Enviorment)”, IJCSI
206 SBN: 978-0-7695-4041-2, 2010.
International Journal of Computer Science
[5] M. Tarique, K.E. Tepe, M. Naserian “Energy
Issues, ISSN : 1694-0814, Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 414-
saving dynamic source routing for ad hoc
416, March 2011.
wireless networks”, Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE
[13] Ghosh, A., Wolter, D.R., Andrews, J.G. and
international symposium on Modeling and
Chen, R., “Broadband adhoc access with
Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless
WiMax/802.16: current performance
Networks, pp.305-310, April 2005.
benchmarks and future potential,”
[6] Shipra Gautam, Rakesh Kumar “A Review of
Communications Magazine, IEEE, Vol.43, Issue
Energy-Aware Routing Protocols in MANETs”,
2, pp. 129-136, February 2005.
International Journal of Modern Engineering
[14] Mohammad A. Hasan, “Performance Evaluation
Research (IJMER), ISSN: 2249-6645, Vol.2,
of WiMAX/IEEE 802.16 OFDM Physical Layer,”
Issue.3, pp-1129-1133, May-June 2012
Master’s Thesis, Dept. of Electrical and
[7] Ahlam Hashim Mohsin, Kamalrulnizam Abu
Communications Engineering, Communications
Bakar, Adebanjo Adekiigbe, Kayhan Zrar
Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology,
Ghafoor “A Survey of Energy-Aware Routing
Finland, June 2007.
and MAC Layer Protocols in MANETS: Trends
[15] M. Abolhasan, T. Wysocki, and E. Dutkiewicz, A
and Challenges”, Network Protocols and
review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc
Algorithms ISSN 1943-3581, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012
networks, Elsevier Journal of Ad Hoc Networks,
[8] Khalid Kaabneh, Azmi Halasa and Hussein Al-
1–22, 2004.
Bahadili, “An Effective Location-Based Power
[16] C. Liu and J. Kaiser, A survey of mobile ad hoc
Conservation Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc
network routing protocols, University of Ulm
Networks”, American Journal of Applied
Technical Report Series, No. 2003-08, University
Sciences 6 (9), pp. 1708-1713, 2009.
of Ulm, Germany, 2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009
[17] Chiu-Ching Tuan and Yi-Chao Wu, “Triangular
[9] Chen B., Jamieson K., Balakrishnan H. and
Energy-Saving Cache-Based Routing Protocol
Morris R., “SPAN: An Energy-efficient
by Energy Sieving”, International Journal of
Coordination Algorithm for Topology
Distributed Sensor Networks Volume 2012.pp.
Maintenance in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks”,
1-11, April 2011,
ACM Wireless Networks, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 481-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/602159.
494, September 2002.
[18] Tseng Y.C. and Hsieh T.Y., “An architecture for
[10] Greg O. and Murray W., “On the Effect of Traffic
power-saving communications in a
Model to the Performance Evaluation of
wirelessmobile ad hoc network based on
Multicast Protocols in MANET”, Proceedings of
location information”, Microprocessors and
the Canadian Conference on Electrical &

Volume 9, Issue 6, November-December-2023 | http://ijsrcseit.com 200

 Mohan Patsariya et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., November-December-2023, 9 (6) : 196-201

Microsystems, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 457–465, 2004. Cite this article as :
[19] Tseng Y.C. and Hsieh T.Y., “Fully energy-aware Mohan Patsariya, Anand Rajavat, "Review and
and location aware protocols for wireless Comparative Study of Different Energy Saving
multihop ad hoc networks”, in Proceedings of Techniques in MANET", International Journal of
the IEEE International Conference Computer Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering
Communications and Networks, pp. 608–613, and Information Technology (IJSRCSEIT), ISSN :
October 2002. 2456-3307, Volume 9, Issue 6, pp.196-201, November-
[20] Wu Y. C. and Tuan C. C., “Energy saving cache- December-2023.
based routing protocol in wireless ad hoc doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT2390626
networks”, in Proceedings of the IET
International Conference onWireless, Mobile &
Sensor Networks, no.533, pp.466–
469,December2007
[21] M. Patsariya and A. Rajavat, "Network Path
Capability Identification and Performance
analysis of Mobile Ad hoc Network," 2020 IEEE
9th International Conference on
Communication Systems and Network
Technologies (CSNT), Gwalior, India, 2020, pp.
82-87, doi: 10.1109/CSNT48778.2020.9115772.
[22] Patsariya M, Rajavat A. A survey on node
capability based trusted routing in MANET:
issues & challenges. IJCSNT. 2019; 8(1).
[23] M. Patsariya and A. Rajavat, "Hybrid Routing
Approach with Energy Aware for Minimize
Routing Overhead in MANET," 2013
International Conference on Communication
Systems and Network Technologies, Gwalior,
India, 2013, pp. 236-242, doi:
10.1109/CSNT.2013.57.
[24] M. Patsariya and A. Rajavat, "Hybrid Routing
Approach and WIMAX Network for
Minimization Routing Overhead and Increasing
Radio Range in MANET," 2012 Fourth
International Conference on Computational
Intelligence and Communication Networks,
Mathura, India, 2012, pp. 127-134, doi:
10.1109/CICN.2012.127.

Volume 9, Issue 6, November-December-2023 | http://ijsrcseit.com 201