‘Sey mnie errorcmatan nts book. “Ts hak nar dco ab ering pups Ts author) ofthe SEALS eer Fe shrectreespene eee yepencte pao ais Siecaveise erste areca comme ane A I so coke NR NT te atten aap ‘sre memory RAM | onmomtsory Queiow see ntn aves paraSYLLABUS RE2UUF Duration of Esa. 3 Hg Section Dig sem and binary suber: Si ity mbes itary codes. ecole ein an esting soe, aig cos a eo (Gateevl minimatin: The Kemp tod up ve variable, nt ae contin ion fe oe Sattar. simplification. NAND an NOR inpeenton Quite Me-Casy method abla Section [Combinational Lopes Conbisinl cit anahi pocele din proce, bi cessor dina aber, nay mii, manta compara, decodes, ee ans dees Salton rigid dpa oF Sia low ein pa (Many SSLCs can bs Soap oe Noch ais rae Ope| syed lasycteosion oy acormen | ited antlsjchaial Section (Rasa Tarde re ent eget Sat, stag lene: lcs, pp Syachtonoes Sequential lg alysis of locked sequential srt at rds spre de SSLCS repr more hardware and are | (8) Ree os atnare han SLC Repsters and counters Shit rests ple cites, yan cuter, er come Saeed aera Deeper Secon D era win ig). has for iain ‘Memory and programmable lop: RAM ROM. PLA, PAL Dein tthe einer tants Pshsil Syand Sts on of the fourapit lee: ASM es empl ds wthmuliplersApchmnoxssewei oc:AnabNf "mse tno cl losis epson is decal proce cre with cis, desi oso, edusn fst now ble, ace Freie set gut can te dee ols State signment sade The dis out i ent Dy ifand olf =Oandy-0 NOTE : Examiner wil set 9 questions in ota, with imo questions from encl = daa ipat DY ifandonl tS. =1 waded ‘section and one question covering sects whch wl be 1. THs Qi compan apt Dy ifand obi ~ Land fete tetra sion con equa mck mes) Stn ee Ol can ae cle on fm he he , i a yess in total a est one question fom cach section. |F = DS Ss+ DSS, + DSS +58, ‘Noone wil implemen te expresso for Ying ouput AND, inpatOR gates as shown inf “ble: Tra table of 4: I MUN, Data selec int 0: 5 Se Z 7 7 DB ° 1 > 1 « Dy 1 1 Ds Select] ———F reels 401 | __sy data out Qa 4ay Whats Latch? siches re bible rut wich pond 0h canalsobe dias he alse of temporary storage device thats 90 td ear rir igh ow sige igh te ter. mise agra of sorageelenent shown i EDs Data inputs Z| iseouparoishigh henthesioage elements sid bein setsateand 1 SIO Bren isle td iret ‘oer Set sate Qs High nd i Low a or Rest tate is Low and Gis inh 2a Simpy and design the given Boolean fonction using Koma Bea titre Y= Em, 48 12, 1618, 20,22) Ba (2426, 28,30, 39)DEsDE (0240) Wate in bre about yc code. 4 ‘Ans. Cyt cae : Cyc codes ar a near lok or crresting cos. In samy pnt near eck oles are ple soe, Abia codes sid be plc cae ( my ‘ancy (9 Letty Proper Acole isso incr fay 0 cose ora thet Ban coylowei aca nf Tepe a sreeetseang bed 4 Bacay Ses hate plied ae ner lok cds Se eat : ~ eo” eae SES] Qestevil e fT some] |Meat $ a 4 Pt ee, Fopi-Colenee Cyc Propery = Aces sud be ee if any pi silo ole wo} co he ener tee thembitwordoainedy the cash hing ofthe oles ot ‘hs Full Adder caming to owe aes when binary ‘Theta is aside “ruth able for fall Aer Tapes Onis a] os cc le «fe |e ope ofa |i i fe i fe fe tai i fe tia of ; le From Table, wean wie ; a = ABC + ABC + AB ABC ‘aus (anti canbe simpli singles Boolean sigs of K-map. Th areshown Fit "gaight): Kena all adder, “The Kamp oS dest ado ay snpiion a els annt be combined S ABC +A + ABC + ABC « S = HBC y + Bq) + ABE, + BC) ‘Theft term in pares of Ei) exclave OR combinaon of and, ‘canbe writen as B @ C, The second tem in parenthesis i exhive NOR of Band C oe ig): al adr ee. SECTION =» isl display soe ofthe nporan gu of dip thedaisin tex former the diginare dsl fMecanaerially-lble Lih enitingsioleorEDisone | Crientation seven ie Steven segment play. LEDS rom0'0 969 LED 4a inal dis 109.0 camped ay Dereprese 10 Tis oot Fie 10) spy molar are sabe - Common athode yeaa vival ea ts le ht glow a pacar LED of “Snorage pe ogee appli at the anode ofthat LED as the sales fe vay oi 0"stobe api low ceria LED of cnmonande P=) nested thigh olla gta): Common Cathode LED.Fig): Common Anode LED very dima ig Ff 9s eset by the BCD dat consisting ari ‘arable A,B, Cand D-The tah abl canbe mde forech f he LED septa fer coramoa koe given ae flows, The Boolean xpress for cut arabes aig okaned wh he ip ahe Karaugh aps shown Blo Decimal] tap Vibes] Ontpat Variables Display Ne asseven senment Tao zpede te w foooo ray 1 |ooo 110008 2 pte 0 Tht co seg aig 3 No aft viper deg + flo“to o or ioord 3 fle her loiiart 6 f lobia aula | iat rrrooga [1000 uae ue Ls froet Tei eet 1 ‘The Bolen expression ofthe oupas of common ade ips dsle ae he complemented for of he respeine opt afeommon elope ea The put rg wna allows GI aX of or e=A+cDr D+ B aoe a q 7 w (be = wll ae eaBe 04D ~ wos a 7 5 ee a oo a wt px z fade 0D +50 +BB prAeao +cD + BC ‘tity Give diferencsbetncen combinational and sequential eet alder ie Sr Troup bdctemined ibe pee ‘aie pat ae well as pst ale of Ths feedback path fom ouput to inp Ti cin docs a depen on clock Te asion sve by lak aanTees natbave a oo sia Saran deeb open ae dese a a able and timing diagram, embatonaceut [&Kisbult using tase psa NOT, busing sits andcomtiy INAND, NOR, AND, OR XOR axes _ [lst Qa) What race aroued condon and How we can remove it? x ‘ns. Race Around conn nese of level gsr JKip lp when J k= i aa then ua = 01. spa save fprevius ope! nd his ilo como change ia value Fo 0 oon salon tno in asin lock pls term a a fx ‘ . room. 4 condi i which J~K = Fad be ope is continual changes fot | and 1100 a singe cok pie eae race aad coon SECTION - sisacpaestiondlay of ip Np. ae Dine, ip ap canst puta 5 Tis tains of ane clock pulse then fer race around coniion this eguation mas, 6: What shi regiter. Draw circuit diagram for: sis Paral eset {ih aval inSeriloot fe esters ang K Fipslops Z Site! At Shift Reiter Shit exit comblatons of ip op and primarily sed hate, period whe pus ih | sorte ond shine nana digi ten nie couterithas specified sequence state ata reefer nthe form oF O and y some eternal souee. Dus fo storage Cry feats beam an memory deve. The namber fpf in eit depends ie. pe th un oda tt ne an stor in terete So each Ml in the bf ester tose sre nb inaion tits ae a tycoon dai epee Teasers ee ha "The shiing copay of hires means the movement ofa fom one ipo sadist Rams Rce-Aed Condon Tee ne eto ommend peng hs ae a sition ich ns Tere pie certo eee ce (tse Ele Tze t. | ee aincealarauniniaet ele al i foetaixccnin Dae rece ee bene a go iia {Sealife oti one ; ime psed tench] (Seal inpraot n sal srl ot (SIP) aa ented ne ie navn fp apse viene], iSISOs Ss oxime apse ster ; ina sles use, Och ia cc apes pve Beet ee ccc ff sitebirwe erie simtenruin nite bobs erSpecies: aL a fe. & a a4 a “Prt ner t hit ges ig 3K Fp lp Foren wale tits bo ree nc eo Be rept no ssi) near al loa a ° Loy ‘sur e = eet = an a feos Theaup penn om nlc BB 7 7 ae | nee ee “The olnnntss flow: | 3 ip) Paral rot ier (G)Tath Table: For iccisonlyewobis are thereie 0<1. The lee “ow bits en asfllovs Ti Sans — SECTION mel, Rew |X aye = T . (25a) plement adder wing PAL 1 fe Tal est Ans ret rei he ito ill aber, eu bei sgn nd hn ele ie res inte : gested pus fot *“het f il ers given flows ’ Asal deal rae a a 3 oo | t luo o fifo fi jo 0 | telat lpia 1, [loi fe. attest a rdofa fo [a 1 ic Sian ite june aa “Kop Toe Sa (S) ond Cay (outs sven as a Meow 110 © \sumiS)= 116,+4B0, +48, 40 ERE vcd Fe hes up cuore ig (°° 2-8) AND aes sec Theda PAL" 7 Te apt ae dne dsr Fras yey OR ‘Sanu Kali fae Clea siokelele) a ee cs acl oe te pene Fore x ‘Nom primitive Tow able Fo priv condition perron. Forexampe! es 0) 2 | oe + | aa 09. White short ates on (a) PLA and PAL (0) Algoriton State Machin (ASD, Race) Programmable Logie Array (PLA) PLA ie ype of fixe architects lope device pth pope AND ite fllovedhy rouble OR gages. The PLA is {Selo inplemen tsonpex combinational cult PLAS ae used in VSI besausthe area Teor bythe fegulr AND and OR says isles han the area requied by randomly intrconseceé gies, Several PLAsaloinclude lp Maps es sorgeelement, sty can als eed ormplementing sequential cuits. ° eye +f ute tops — SD owqut Prorat ‘ ND | : | ae Fin: Block graf LA InPLA, there isa group ofAND gates each of whieh can be weed produ spout (AND) te ofthe Int cae. The AND aOR ese ein fbcafed side the PLA wit fies among the. The specie Belen funtion ae implemented in sumo roduts(SOP) or by blowing appropriate ies nd evi the desited connection PLA ls Jnownas PLA. ald programmabllogiearay when theta proviion of programming‘PAL (Programmable Array Lol tsa speci ie of PLA which has nble AND ary a ied OR ara. is cheap compared to PLA ony the {a progrmmable. Ii also ex progam a PAL comaed 10 PLA as only AND rogram On tht hand since te ORsray ied isles Mesile han PLA i. i | oo i | ee | a = |e eee ig: lok agra oP Frothe sk dig, thas natives which ar pssdthough AND amy ‘aprogranabe ary proding ‘OR pe whi i aed sonnetonand roducng ouput ines. ‘Ans{b)ASM(Algoritnie Sate Machines: The lin state mache ‘samatod deging ine sine nactins swore yan of iil na ‘eis. The ASM ara’ ike asta bts fra andshus, casio une AnASM chat metind fdeseribng the sequential opens of it syse, (@ Create analgrithn, using pseudocode, to describe the desied operation. eve Conver the pseudocode itm ASM chart iy Design the eta pa based on he ASM sha, () Crete a detaled ASM chat sedan he ts ph (6 Desig he contro! picasso the dae. ASM hat ASM Char Notations = Aa ASW hat composed of ce bse clement. (1) Testa box 0) Thedeisiondoxand 6) Theconionabos “The Sate Box Semencessstown ia fe). rot ts, Outputs oF AND ees are she ea (@Astttox cused or ineatng the surf econ incon (6) 1 sows aoe xaos (0, Dep tended by "Ei eden toe Snond seal i worn ca 3 ae Ta fe dnposlitss sion don ein canton and at non wien isi te deo tox Top Pip) shows a decision box witht ext pis: One ext path condone} andthe ther path wl be taken tbe cnion lbe aS ap exci 2 (9) Gone deiption or (2) Typist example “Fay: The decision box | Conditional Box ; (The hid emer n the ASM char isthe condone Bow His ig one nth ASM chat 1) Fig(3)shows that he conditional bos oval shaped The round cores ferent it he state Gi) The put pa othe conta ox mst sre om one of ex a secon a,seperated dig sven ate panes PUBLICATION (9) The register operation or cats proc iste inside he Tere Ang fine reins at i compalins Al question ey {t/a State he DE Morgan's Theorem. ‘Ans (1) DeMarga's Theorem =F we ‘Statement :"Thecmpement of profut seal or the complement ofANDet 0 armors isare a he ech nivale” (Q) DeMorgan'sTReorem or -Thecomilemens of ORs wo more ails same a the AND of somes hen insvida varie (2.140) What are the advantages and dladvantages of KMap? 5) fis Advantages of Karnaagh Map (0 tise txtetod for pin creates oo 1) ligives val metodo oi spin Deen posite sombnaon canbe vial sen andthe equines sees (4) Prine mplicnt an exert ine gee {6) Thispincple has been extends to the very lange-ssale integration VSD Sexi Jy incorporating inte pean (1) Ke aa wn hams of vases incest i Han Pe sed sit aifelty upto ve and shail ystems Bul bond aisles Re ) Ris st stable (6) Caemustb tks fil ivy cel ithe vat oy Sh Lae ee, Acsl lef lle ay be mistaken fora so ar tm ny ei fests Sa ‘140) What Fut adr? Ans Full Adder: A fl ae as he proviso 0 ad wo ‘amin fom lomo bts whiny ation nmi it umber be re g(t): Full adder cca 0.148) What isthe difernce bene combi ‘eects? oo has aed ph ra op Yale of iota wel as pst yale i tk Lo sk Fil) (ASK or SR Flip-Flop comet This i equwaen os tte apt ata ap a the ouput he nd fhe ‘locke has thelr a theta te ot Slap anesthe ae ‘kta (D) FlipFlop. the Dye Fp lp citer wel sede dei a ot binary intonation, 140 Deine Hold Tae es, ‘ts Hai Time (=the nian in eu forthe sono eso eal ‘mth ips ter th raring og the clack ple otha the Kees oe eb closeWhence a shown in Fig) fos ip op. ce ih pet ~ cx! is Fig) Mold neo ipo 24a) Realize AND, OR and NOT gat withthe hap of Univeral gn Besa ™ n ANDLOR. NOT pues can be realized sing any to thesetw gies. The ei lose See feptemamesy win ay fe vo ges. hse rae velg a Realisation: of Logie Gates wing NAND Gates; Fi (1) 4 recaperger ct sient te oo ‘Hows eiztons aig): Relation fa) NOT pate) AND gate (€) OR ze wing NOR, {snows AND te vealnon using NOR ges. The xt of tO cs ae al a gs oe oo ted NOR ate The al utatis AB sharing AND | AR monn ow Pig): Reaiation of 2) NOT pat (0) AND gue (¢) OR pate wing NAND gate 1 ig, oth inate NAND pats at osteo. we sesombinaton ftv NAND gt ves AND operation. The x NAND jAandB, The ouput 4p. The two igus othe soo NANO ove we the ou 7 fa |The outs AB ths ng ofeach ofthe fist we NAND guest ose ne Gn Tin re el oo np toting AND23, Wie srt notes i rar nein corecig ESS daar ney owes 0a a epptrma ene ey rb 0100) od me STi minds nado ever seme nce PA cording ae Th ped i be BH MS 0 mae era a tT garetts cen lan athena arpa mires bese sin long sion eames oe «ane cache eh oe Wo ih cece UE oun pig ban Hen lita amb Takes ifthe word as ese pai and party ‘econ ASCH oder His 100 Trt ve been deve 1 dts ch Tesi rortrnstions a li eee stmt ed det an cores cro, The na pra block cole The fh he nrber obs io what ced ininu yeighs al orn | fetorenimber afer dstevion and fe} 7 Amini tans ofthe avs) Exee-3 Code This ober sighs ade int 243i bany cote. The coe fr fio tothenatual BCD coe ofthe digi. Por eampl Toot in see53 eo isnt a web code. Tis ‘ich acs complement of he code numbers For example, Excess code of decimal 280101 is V's ove or deinal7 whichis complement of2. These ets cones io petorming subaeton operation i dial ei digs 0 trou regen in Table Excees3 f, Decimal ember ° 1 1 1 Gray lg ves codetn which decal bes erected bay Forminsueh vay Hl eh Geytode inner die fw the preceding end the sce aber bya ingle bi Paap, he Gay code decimal number Sis LI] and fer 6s (hid from the Tf). This ade wed ty hisnata weighed ode. The Gry code DIO. These wo cde differ by oly oe bt por stn for sa ncoderab {0 ALi Gey cose Un (4 Ratz he expression with 1ABC,0.E)-S(I3, NAND gates ons sH837.21,27,31) as)Bc «Aes nco + ACHE Renton wing NAND sxe nh wees, i SUT in CD ce dns tear 1000 een ous 5,5, 5,8 canny om 00005 18000. i fi cry fr BCD alder ms facade the comet ogi ins intel ia cons soar cretion 0110 en ee , Et cumalefbsretolops whch HIGH lg en hen esa ‘sgn 0 pili where ‘ “fone (0 spose or rtf ms 108 8 a mallee log ees <4 . : ees wea HW astonished "al fo cate acDtard ary = | | ig Aa :2 Priority Base osseous herein 2s Ot ine nse -taeyiptns ‘Saco seine he ra pat THOUDAE “a 9 i 2 Pro eseter 1 |e ‘The wo np BCD code groups 4,4 A, and 8, 8,9, 2, rnb obo per icin prelate posse bina sun 5,5. When el bi binary paral adder wl a he cretion D0 othe un Ws 8, 5.5, prod Ain BCD sar When X= 0, adiono 0110 andl BCD sum in histace 3 8 “Te up ery rom one stage mst he connect th inpt car ofthe ne high a, 1 1th ade bss 0110(6) 10, he code Desens 000 (exes 9 aden) ‘Ans. iPviority Ensoes: A prioniy ender rites sg ull bia inpatso a sale aude of cups. The csp ofa pry ence Din represention ofthe osinal nub starting ta act tc mat sit np They are often we contol trap equst by sing on th highest ry eee 1 7 a irene abe ely cones nay 0 age neo, sh one 16-4 emer mae fom sic 0-2 pray encoders ow 4-40 encoders ving the Siu uce corned oir pte ar theo omaining encore the utp Othe Aettoran nyt The priory neoder isan provement simple ebcode re eo AnsQteipleser: The emt’ eans way one” Mulpesing tierce timing lag unter fifa ove single in cil mie IS1UX) ss eminence hat elect ore dtl information Rom Seve sours an nmi the etd norman ona sige ot ie "Amulipleneris alo called saa eectr since lets on of any inputs und ee ‘he ifomationto th ape 7 “he mulipleerhs server dating nd sng xt ne. The election af icra arrose of eeton ine. The oc dara Of mugen ‘Sith inpustine and w eet signa andone outa lineashown na), The eto_ NE resort et ee i\> j vam 44a) Eup the wong of Metre IK Pop or ee iran of maaesce AE Bap tep to Sere canbe caiaind tows Ty eo a ip op re slp. Bort. cere rvs sn 5-8 Pap - Pop te hp Map te A PLUP-FLOP 5 we mae the spans eae gym i fl te %ae Fg) The Kina areten' i) wish sh So dg mi fen nm shown rhs hiring is o seca a Fig: An Hp Hop Comte 040 Explain the concep of Paral to. see altos emperors De corplenciay patos cones Avte name saggy isle ing 2 isco resented o ul Tperandcomeringittoabiselputeronasioge Tie Types appicns of Fig): Paral “To convec successive pall input ste nes sera he ate at whlch sueesve paral eva lont where Wf the number fis inthe pal “irc awl dnt to be shied ou bere new ss Foro regiterto be sed aa prall-o-serl sometimes e provided wih ariel Ther ae aways in hich bese inptsmay be provides peony crash ‘Syhaious psa ose which aero ipsop outs byte oars ofthe pom filock ple Asynchronous inptsate independent ofthe lockthey se the rect dla inputs ta the plop sages ° (5) Implement «Fal adder Uslng PAL Aa noi ret io ade hea ies snd an a The eathof al Adder ena lows ofolofejo «| 0 | ite 0. [srl os) ela o | 1] soa 1 (] o°| 0) a 1) 0 |e oa 1) | oe ae ‘The Kmap fo Sum (5) and Cary (C) output ingen asary (©) = ‘The iven up eins ae egy sing(2"=2~ 8) 8 AND ates and wo OR ape be, +c tes. The designing is lows ing PAL: "The pt which ave dotsare forwarded hough OR gate (5/0) Baplln the conept of Quantaion and Encoding. © ‘Ans-Quanizntn and Encoding ai--wule comers th posible nanter of igi inputs fied For expla BUDA conver, here 8 posi gu In cern an aoe comers te ipa alo valiagcan hve ary value in ‘atte dial uputcanhaecaly2" dcr values fran Ne AD convener Therefor ‘whole rngesfanlog okage request be ees suibly in iotenals Ths recess [Bown as qamizoon Each inervalis thn aig nue Nb nay code, ch refed oa end ‘ig(): Qanznion decoding Inna bmi ori re ee er Te Tied ec een vc eee rm wt tcp ag began Ste i ea rg Aer one eset te oer rare cee encase ae Pointe) lari ncaa ie ao as oat Caan ane lations itl —<— isa A 3 a W914 ‘< on er ou wv a a CAs109, Write sort note on Tag {0 Peta rogrammadie Gite pery {W) Complen programmable tg dies {dona Addresable Memon ‘ans (VEGA 1 MGACcon be wed. Implement lone cet of mre ane ound uae gates ins. ‘ch opi blockinan MOAR snl numberof eps anon ape A POA proxi onthe mt aig diet ype ofl blocs. The mot ‘neti bekinsaopup abe LU) leh eons sree cels thre edi ‘real gi nation Fahl abe f ling singe oi alec ‘ore sna rouondn the ouput ofthe eng cel LT arcs cmap “oh the sie isdtpe by he ier pats cel ne wt leche by he pacar ato apes the ref suagclsionly way wich maples [ ammable Logie Device (CPLDS): PALS, and PLAS ae len few hander ogc ets For bigger ogc Sel PLDs con be wel. Thetes consi te equivalens of several PALS al cee ag rr ence i fu oe is LUT hs four torage celle Oe cl crepe tit nang TtD* se esis tining trace an thre el eek = praetor neh eb ane ager—prgramming the CPLDR: Same CPLDS ar prostammed ucts matiod becomes income fx devices wit handed fin Frogntnng st solder the device tt ried cic board then ‘cm farm «penomal computer The CPLD contains accu tht ou figure the CPLDoprfer ks pec log ton ea] “tera in CAN a at an be searchedselects Tete «tam five qeions I al selec ane weston fom ach ‘Question Na 1 compar tl quent cry col mark {.1(a) Wht de you enn by metry? ey een wh porn dia aaa ed imi fr tig we ply priced andcompll prosesed et a se Kosei pong en cnr a eve ein Sols ‘ei eet Bete bi Guess ‘o Serer reheat Wesiat dye timeannt cpr isto ine é. a | Fees aertichrosm stiches | — Aap a oem yer very son after the] thelatch de, alatch with ae “tna desea 149 tga tee TiAtipaapnansiwisaeiee | Whee alas | proces of ranting shar of infrmaion over = re oe Tip tachisewiivew ache oremble | Wheres ip gpm Se ae cat eamiesinphac oreet= — 7 = - ‘Amilipeterissleocalcieduascesersincetslecs one fmany inputs ands [UA Goen na ven lok Hel Hine sea falar ton Eat neria ies | Sra an Spear clarence 0 at ‘Sul to2thn sl ies re segues cet nef te inp ics for camels ls| -Aconton in which I~ K ~ | and the oupatis comtinusy changes 1100 ina single lack ple colle ae rd candtion isthe propagation ely ofp pee Drie, ip op canst Tis ttl time of one clock pte then fo ee around condi this equation 0 BD+ 90+ 4B +46. 5) pent aber cea wing 3:8 ded a fh Tooter frac igen ss PTS = KansRakexaby cso mc = Rabe NARs kA + Ka “These ows: i | a @54 Desan binary t Gray Code Convertor ‘Ass. Binary lo Gray Code Converter: The es for comeing iy my ole are aven 8: “Te athod conven fa Gry ode ay code under Tig) stows the Komaps forthe 4 dss G, GG, Gof tea ‘maps me can write the lowing equation fr sonveson|Te ara Fe Rinse BB =BO8, ay "raizion showin fi) eset np X-OR gates 4% ——)* a b eS. ____a, Fig.) Binary wo Gray coe conversion Secon —€ Q6() Design ands down synchronous counter aing IK Mp-top, ‘Anse MODS as Satsang om 00,09, 010 1 10 Itneed 3 Ap fp design MOD cour These Snr shown os Fig) : Designing of MOD-S counter sing JK Flip Flaps(2480) Conver IK M-Aep te SR Mp. ‘Am The wth ble gen salons fete ts tet te 0% plain Breconshire Be Radeeona Shi Regier A iSesoel shi regis oe wich nscan eid ci ef or igh cane implemented y wig eating gic hat heer fb fs oe ato the et sath rote. FF coma var in sigs ace igh it sing of at ca and whe hisses is Ch hing a xc To ag fi dein sites shown in ig ‘Operation: AHHGH on he RIGHTITEFT contol ipa lows dns obs be igsnn LOW xe oft hi oft Ax exainaton ofthe ping loi shoul ‘owing fp op ben ack pulse cca poe te data me then Aectel ne lc 0 he right Whe the RIGHT ZEFT contol s LOW, aes G, tough op Whe cls pub osu be rte lta shied one place othe (a What i he process of converting analog sigma digital gal Eli IND converts. “9, (UD) converter: An AD conver evo he process of DIA omen an unkown alg vel is fel it the AUD convener hich ies & A odingbiy opt. Thebary ups wllbe operon the along Tete WD cooverécha an alg pa ota angig fom O10 3% the ary pt il bene in bit ror O08 111 isa Atconere Rey Denote ak rach 0.20 change i put lage, the binary oupet cunt wil mere By L The AID ‘Goscnertdh bles the revere ofthe DA converter nah ble aap] Winn Ovtpat | Cine [ong pst Bases On ola % oeeye 7 eo @ 0 9 | 6 7 z| 0% fooot wf i toot 3] a foovo wl a rove a|o es foo. tama tert Hardee Peter thee [age [a tte eas jiice v4 -[ongun aan fore The Hack gam ofene gps ofA Danvers lsahown blown Flg(Oh TRESS iti calle couner rap tye AD ener Thi eta» LA converte a mod 6p ene a AND gates lage comparator The campus devise which npr the alae atnpt Ath alag tips input sae he ‘ut HIGH (A™ BI) votage tip sara the ctpts LOW (B>A=D)‘igi: Comer Ramp Type AD Comer Gi iy aru Auaavieo devices (2) they ae eae in Call Phones (GS SE oes pig lines, PLC's Programing Lace Contin Gabyag esi afin 105 lange ssf opinions, {Grey wreurediasaticlIntomerston gates mane 109. Writ short aot 8 x75 4 jc devie wih pronummale AND gate lowed bs programmable OR gages. Te ‘oud imple n comple sombintonl cour PLts rare in VUst becaae ti {Prec inplemenine steal ret tu > f testy Pas: paca > } Mack gro FLA pee eae 1 oat etn ne te OR ier ee roo sids dn wise moe et ne pros oe pe a 1a)Complex Programmable Last Device (CPLDS) PA nl sie exuvae to fe handed ous ae 7.0, cn be me. Thess ctl he equate f sett PA ‘amiable econo linc nega si CPL an esc in (CPLDs ote ery poi ining characteris ne terete ining the CPD: Some CPLDS ae programed ulna a PA 1 computer, The CPLD contains a circuit that deodes ze ouysa (PTDfe) SAND ‘ans (2) BOR ete Lr Som COR Gat Loge ya Oat a co nano —Dto eS ‘Truth Table (For=Inpat NAND Gate: Me Diow Ob Low | igs taigh | OLow ign | 1 “Theset ASCH coder fs 100100, an ee imone 100001) wuld meanusing exam ai code worn a val os ee dtatngcove The mos spe and commonly used err deteting method GMECK i wich an exe pry sided with he iy mass 10 make funbeof ser oor een esting ntwo meds ‘oa ary Method Theta of inthe code ou coin te has rust a mabe wa In Bre Party Meo: Tet uber inthe ade grow nai a 44a) What half ade ? Explain im bean eter tbe 7 “Te ory bt canbe plant titre ght he cade word shh ec shol be eo understand he pry bane aca ata Hook euber of) Even parity {e001 =a mamberof 3) O84 Par Inthe Psy Mee 7 it edt ad SB) or iy The pay i te or Tonk par pi isto fhe ord has even party and pai iti 1w0 te wor aso pry. ‘errr Correcting Code: Honing Coss Haring codes sed fereor coecton, It mathdia ne ar py Bo a rater reo tt and cot eo The ‘ning Disc ooo cote eine th nonterf is hanged om one ode as gram. "Ans Halfadde : Half ar ss obey cade wend na aril lc ode, Te , Goa ee ins te he eA aA dy ember fs wih Lage ‘ite Aciny deems renbpia ose ws berninam afb Tt Hal air on ame erika om veg egal ‘Oa arcane, 4 101 x 3 3 S 4 eva 7 ° ° 0 ice ad erin te fs i pon nt inthe hn ‘ 1 1 0 resto etek cog : y ] v ro Humic, loving npr prori t ! } 1 om deve (Arininan distance no iret fers rar dt oid Expo for Half er ob abe fal exresion ean eerste he sumac aut fonts ote inpats Nets ha theca ouput stat ery when but At ae therfire Ccnbe expressed asic AND te inp sabes. (0eehenanertern | forsingle occasion 034) Using Bonen tg c-ap sso, sum stony ifthe lapis a egal. The sum cn thes secxneed sth xcs OR ofthe inp ales eth etloving foatons © Yo ABC 4 AB + ABC + AC Enea © res rosiccronralst eckson taal = AOSD Her0K 0 Pama = AB+Oyr ace) B+B-1RC+Calp a S- 49B=480a8 = ABaCsaceas GaAs ‘ ;Laie Diogram fer Hal Aer Gras Fig ar Ade thing NAND a NOR Gates ony ing, wl appear co the up ie eee iy Oprtion: sth th ble sows then ot the inputs ae Te he one itlon The cry its ah when buh eps a ih cil event ote sls inputs hte da willape canal bused sin -erima decode with iy ine simply enh epson f P= (UC ACDKADs AC BC) (4eeACo)iaps acs 80) = MACDgAACCrADCE™AATDD ACD -ACoHC = Aes aC aBc+ AD [ew = Acs penoesAcd SaceaneenD pave = nibs yD). -0) ACB) = NED ABCD + ACHDs ACOs CHD AcHO- ADB ACB nue aver ABD aBon« ABCD «ABD [o ante upiif6obied onthe coresoing ne The asin ie to gee This eu came desire using gates and is ft so rere sie, Hone, dss baal a an SIAC ad can comeniemly Bouse 9-1) cienofconinatnl cscs Thedeveiverwseflimbipl- oa contol iste designe este thisneds imam package conn Die Peau! ie cs ter” |p, Omme Sis 8 ig): Back gra fa Demipetemesis shown Fi (0) OW SAS Lage Drm efi thas one in inp gt ups and ree eet pats and an eae inp E nh bli showin Fe.) Depending cote coninton fatness, 5, inp, Besa o ote iat ons 5, Spe then, connected 1, nit ets) tage eat 1 De sub) Fuss ye 2) = 2 ater plement the fanet ie) Tea Tbe or: 8 Deon(ontuntie (onntipesrinpetcn Section = guar pigeon? Deen NODS year sing LE Tip op, Ans MODS Sse ring fom 000101001, 19168 pp exon MODS sumer The se agra is shown a, ; © er) Ouse Pig) State agra “The Km or 30,KO Roane Le] Eh 4-80, 5 20 ea Noone dheo x] Px] 9) ‘iar 1 Keay a ao i ay ‘eae-—fee 0 ory 4 ig) Dosing of HOD S counter wing IK Flip (64h) Explain working of serial seal out shit reginer, ‘Ans Working Fig shows terial ser ou shies consis Age ps Fi, FF and F, Asha tips eetregred dec erking hi eter rth dia 010th flowing eps "9) Bi is etred itt nt ie, (2) Nex it centred. ,=0, sine Qs comme oD Dy somes. {5)Serndclek pe apple, The on te pat ines Sedna, se TheD wth stra FP ahi a (@)New isnt nd rch ple pid i ee ino PF ig Sera n-sralon af gter 7 ist lock ube sapped. F,cote inlockpue api. seme mF tin Fis sie FF, nd 0 sored in Fa heel ery ft ats ino hereto th LSB ig 16) Glcp Sis spl. LSBs shi out The next i appa {@ Glock pul is pps. Te | on Qs shifed ou an 0 appear (8) ck ube Tisaplic. Oonishi Now| ppeaseng (9)Cackpue is appl. n O,sshited out i ‘When ie bisare en shied oul (on CLK pu $08) more da bing ‘tes, What isthe race around condition? How is it eliminated in a Mestre E: 1 spit = Ie ng K> Lhe onus Oy restatement 1a ohich lave lows the output eleulated BY epi in wih Jac in use meraave ip op a ip 2 What are its vaio cb) What SM reser D a applications of shift register: 4 ia = ‘Sh registers combination oF ip-lop ad einai ss SHAT ot oy tae sete danardshifingtheditina dial ston Ulhe=o specie sequence Source Doe 1 sorge eth fm oad |) Sone ete name dev: Tena of ipo in esi eps a wn soe ineese Sos ip lop te si TE = Vad themme pops one pasie sos ale Te CH “Me eel bit information and this isin the form of O and 1 i.e. there is Fete ee Sar er neaceaet nel fd=Dand k= 1, themaser eset co ihe ding edge ofthe CLK pe. The gH “MYMEL Dinipt ofthe maser ies pt Koes pp Then hese etn r eh ingapbliy of hi rexter mens themaverent ofa rom ore ip-opi awe mon aerate sccer eres wraps ae ‘onthe negive clock age. The uation J~ K=O iat does et prods any hang () Seialin pall cash regio: Mast Slave ip flops peat rr comple clk pulse an he uty cage (0) Parlin ot sires. thenepatvetsicn, (6 Palin ull oti eitApatins of Sit Rese: (0) Tine eS so sr npr cp Tinea tember an ie ik fet Uren OC HPA ing Gok ny of ME wi mea tine dy 17 ce Sorbent np Inet ie ey ey 1 went 0 tied f= mambo of ges 1 = deck gurney, ME (©) Ring Counter: 1 ouput sire store is fo bsko ral aps thsi (Seria te Parallel Data Conversion mary dg stems sil tai toredacethe aber ofp nes: By sing sei in-pal u shi resists dt. te comened pre {@) Paral Sra Dat Conversion: Api in-stent ol ocean pari ato elt secoe =D QS. With the ely of 2K binary ladder, espe ‘Ans 2K Ladder Type DUA Converter te R-2R ladder ype convert, oly restr of te sed Te arent ait A comer sho nF), Wid iit ng [A.B.C,DJand oe asaya Vand one terminating rior [R a 4 tc RAR der pe DA canerer Inti he ope ogra ihe um dig inputs For cxampl ‘igang ABCD 00 MS (while te tere pst gre, seis shown nf) canbe died own in fi i Pipe) Here the tering resister 2R andthe restored node (83 thy ae pra, fm an paler resi ig 2) fet Node 2h) i essor comet with input 2) an be combined ++R=2Rrslnio fom an span resistor Ras shown in i2(0.Siac tole 3 (N) the equivalent resistors Ras Shown in fg, pln sows a 220. oalg opt og V, given, Work LY "Reem 2 ¥v “Th rgainpt ADCD=100 ie wheaNSB=1, cups. Sina py fede tr git ABCD = O10, scr SB 1 he oupa ‘ foco=tn oi 8800-0 hr ts oy iehtoadet cee eer tian al ee mRaR Tash semi 23ers me ci Adin as Sa Dice ow AH Compe ay y Yolnge Vie pA gi pufO010 means Cis conned o Vand A, B,D ares 2, v ‘Bvngan oto Thas. aint ers fom 00002111), theoatpt to Vins 6 ¥ is ‘Si the lade ier newer, te rile of siperoston ca be used ‘otal elo ouputvoliag fra prc dgtalipty aig ouput vols, cual individ ia npts. Thiscanbe pee fran bit oa 3 where ste tl mabe ois theo equation). amr anit dao whose dit levels ie “) 08 V, (SB), VV tenths 9. iterate between fatowing Satie and Dynseic RAM @ PLAang PAL (RAM and ROM Satie Ram ‘aleupotfip-fops Tepes an tre inthe form of vole Much expariveas some twynanic RAM Tow soap epi Caine ore poner Fat a oe wiht sed ein ee Theege ewenbe Fis we Spee To] SRAM ow Benny dees DRAM high desi devices Ti) hae sd nee memo Pies el anain nena: Ans erence betwees PLA. Plan i PAL: Let's seta the rece Bete SH] FIA T [Patents or Pregame ‘Wile PL sands for Progammable ray Plat spots ower ba AL ‘While a pees ihe PLA Theoret of PLAS While L's compels Tos cou of PLA aah ‘White con of PL ilow ‘rornuble Lagi Ary sil ‘Wie Programe Ara Logis mae bleh Programmable Logic Aa. isles ed than Pa ‘Whe ismore we tan PLARaW nico Tania Aass Neon oF RAN afm of ta trap thats can esses domly 2 tine, ina oan om any isi Tein llowing ik cess and vein Teaatynenan RO 2m of ita sree hr ca ean ater orepropamaa Sire ntictons tt wen Se ie cele al ee mks S39 fretting p omens ee taba contr cpentevbentisighg|| 4a) Wht do you men by Latch SA Thy ae hore, eae taes: Latches able cre bichon cage off Rent mene esto beens ach pect enprny sore dvi thal bs 0 cee sts her high lx. onesie ishigh the ther must be snus ec own | ne pmofsorge cent sshow ni La } iced Fig sAta vibe ouput ishighthen the tage ements sid belnsetstateandifQislow nth ements do en ret ia [Sinai or_| Random Aes Menony Nt aaws ie onpuer red | ROM stores he progam equigp use | dunguctoromappsons.k | winlly bor thecompter hag Blow eadingand wing : Soaps | RAMimenan soy sedi the tempor inension pematatnformaon dene peal | The acesing pet of RAM is ser Speeds slower icorparison ni jessie rocoto boost ep he] RAN, ROM cannt boost pe ‘oes rose peed [eat ewe oF RAM ae compute tia So io Se sate Q's High and i ow afr Reet ste Q is Low and is High The pce af RONG a compara oes (11.06) Waa racearound condtion? ® ato Comp (Coe pores ‘ha Race Avound cme: nase of fev tigger JK ip op when J= Ky, ‘hen up, 2 tet ithe ver of reves ouput ad this ldo conn ] Siiginsai if 0 fomaerooneandento eo ina single ck pu temas Se ain ck 1= =m pe Ceca ret cae a pty ae ee J) Tssoalie oF ne ok ple then force rand ono i egaton mas hr etme prin where ple ih . - a 0.146) Define CAM. ° | | Ans. Conteneaddressale memory (CAM) i computer memory tha operates fke ‘arash engine fr seach aplstions, =w CAMs capable of searching its entire coments ina sng clock eye dog Petters tentnenny wt saialogeoonenctea on payee ee, ee rerio nen RAN, te OS vise memory ees ser a AM Eaten saris e ‘hemo eves header htc ead Besaect is po Expenrrerreraarcn 0.144) Explain Eacoders. ‘Ans. Anencdesacombinatnl lista covers ative nut sgn fl coded oupSial ‘ain Inhasminpuline only on of which sate an ine and m ouptinesey onc ofthe aciveinpus io acodedbinny ott ith mis, Inan encoder the ube fo 'sksthan the number ofits. The bok cian ofan encoder shown nig Fi ei igs Dro 0.1 Dien so oa 14) Piferentiate Decoder 88 Dea Aan Decherd ewer et Deseipeer Desir thas oe input ad many ouput. sinply sects amouptlineandactngs eid Soe A denaiplee ede To wcne cap ‘iltoinps (hte bigh ow ar changing ta). F ltistensedas 13, 1 To whee Tea Input lineand 8, Indeteonus, UA decode sw ipsa than orn ie the” cup ie sgh 7 Adee eel 0 “Keep one line high. 7 | Ri dora Sa whee rips, ae opts va (24a) Discus error detection and eoreton coe in deta aw Eon va lectin codes Eiri ofa ital yen mus be cone Serna digtem aston case copter my mgr sence cre ASC efor 101005, nero eT nod ne eos be ee devise dec cheno 0m me Ma Sasol err tarstoms aden wad ip an inaicom tsi be sage ue decing ae. The mos single mdm we! eordescig makes ohat ‘CHECK nic a ea pty bis cle wih oe nay mae ae ll rine ol econo mcd ot Mo ean oT ae ‘ i yc Tht be inte comme Si ane lcl tier nd (or athe ca nam be pty Stand eset a + numberof 1's(4) > Even parity a “= number of 1's (3) > Odd Parity saan HIS ea ey py ewe Snitevea Sa Peer Correcting Coles Re. aoe er Code Hamming code sed freer core. isa melee er yon at caer inert ete a coe eS se nc ethane fs ll om jock code The er an 10 yo code wes parllok code mes aves ovo A seid bh sumberfisin whith Gre hstnngs oct exp cole Bevin arte a a cme ola sk, nieinun vei eqn dive we Foeganpl | 5 O00 4 = booial er, these sode works ferns bi poston an inthe forth and ith it esi om hele Accring 3 "run Haig’ amis of ode tances, te fling important properties has teen dtd {U)Aminum cstance of ast to reef single ear tection [2}Gree dances il prvi more umber feos deteton anor someon 1) minimum dance of re iceire (@)Sincetherunberoferon, | (20) Reaine yy HED wing 2 inpt NOR gate oly. As V= aeBsCsD os, whee 1,2 4B nd Y,= TD Therion flYe Femi ab Te TTB te = aba = AdeBavaae yivewt of BOR Gite, [EXNOR Gate asin ony NAND Gates BaraGrBarn v= apes 7 = fav aaa G8) rade vHR DS P= DoE = (A> AB (+ AB) = ABA A888 LOTTE HAE atte = -48).4- 4 . = 4AsdB+AB+OB~A8+ 45 D> y= 40e48 i XNOR Gate wig only NOR Gate -EXOR Gate wing nly NOR Gates = Deb aby AB= 18.8 = Usb. = Adem 4ByB = asa Fis cupuf BeNOR Gatea SOF een Treguat on, Find ot number or ait nate ver Fl sermons = sae mipclevericnas fal cquonte =O leer willbe descent Pinte Aand selection of sy THe Enable or" deci te baie A080 metre ie <5) Sasi a subsector ix combination oft al avenge of Fl Sura Hal Seats: I cr dvi te auctioneer y Hal Sibnacoeme ef en elections yl subraory he esi ae usin Half Seba Difleene ns et setner pean ig Pll arctarby wing Devs XYZ +7222 ~xqenexad=x8r82 aoky+Keqy2eX 92-1)The Kemaps are given in fg) Thsthecinit resting on From the exci 0 ma Hon bles of 59) of on Fig. : ANS RE (sb) Design mod-7 up asynchronous counter ns, MOD? Counter: ip lop Comsered int -K Flip-Flop. 9 0D count sve sta of bis equ om 000110 hen te sigstae vale he pf whit Tel gn ar yOD 7 counters shown in Fig) pep a rer isshomn Fig) an wring sinistera ‘nitially 0 0 o | Telme | eer |. Ber eai.| | elena | | eo. | eee |: bis Ae: $20 Fw comer wo gn 1s) eee a ino ora ence ohh ast oupy 5) ‘remo omethek pst al ipopscane nN” I dag as isu oe aval of sto pase ithe ef preset pt Rom ee wih i= os ee eso eof ccksarive ip-op tsi soup ote ipo Ae ett |andaen Metheny dob oe | . ig): Sin gram 0 ringer ot OK Of OCA cs xe master save JK Mp op. e (74) Esplin he working of co Bo ar pease kta fr ie PK pt combina AeA i maser pp sete tne shee THe HIGH 20) ei tse ivsthepa et ieame Sentences is TEE anette tenes RD. re ead hibemmse ees onthe ain ef he COX a Gout eine ane vest ies Te. seep ean alng get he CLK pte Once api te pop is ‘iw ofte maser tipWesCo FX Tp ving Na ons a= K= 1 heme ip Pptoseonthe postive clock sgean, eosin ck lp Therion! =k updos oro ManeSie tiptoe oma cop cee Yang, tenegaivermston, ‘nt eg ety 4) Resclton The esate fn ADC ey. ‘the numberof is tian fan ADC depends onthe retrnce A ihe digital output. Ths is given by — eek» Foreampei,-6V ede is ten o Reottie = F-00437 mization Ertor : A digital fees sep ante waveform, whichis diconinanes op ce Ya ren fs be el mn hr Pecans miro heer Fee 08h Fant A ome gn eH os 1 err raat Ero: ig eo ADC ly do wii ned Cr Coreen teas hegre Fen np well be constr Th ber one oid ore te Pee ce ip ain OAC a) Different Linearity: rs defined asa measur of the vari n vgs ep esc tccorer dae aco Fe nc oy op aleaeae oe 1 thy deze prota ADCS Sipe AD Corr al 0 et ameter onptlerepsipertbeepalgtiere po Come ©) Galt) 8 EN rcoprion Du Sip APD conver cn De wdestnd wih he lp ahore ot cde wh seomeaeto amos pel (lag) sre ie ina coral OL comer cee, saa alginate 0 8 am ‘neporving ime cnstan = RC, he ou og Ven 8 “raFee) Assionn nar eqn. ete wich is ed tthe compan Iain ishick which ck puso co andcrersansan ‘fon Oth — I when?" pls ae are Ate? cock puhe pee inet comic ouptisal Osa Yidt be Pippo: O10 Now heanion ee ecmmecedto- 1,1 ifn ao i” esto tin owes og: Te tpr out becone ow Seen os 65 See “Advantage - al a. ‘0 Sows. oe: isa et cig von a i freon Ao er hes He eee teins gen ics na een =a Samp e 9 sti insy cue Waa ts pay a on ens AN ey ea ha yan pore) ee oe | ee St) [rh [acctee) somo ‘a Read only memory (ROM): AROM is extent a meme deve fe org purpose in which aed eof iar infrmaton is sored An wes mast fe pec {Ein information o be soed and then tis embeded i the wit fm the rgd [rconnecto pater ROM cons pc staal aks then be sed Boke Once ‘panes esblibe for a ROM it remained Fie even ifthe power apy he it Sched andthe switched on api = ‘ge = as sy Fig: Bick ao ROM ‘nessa pl ine and moulin. Each combination fing als it calle anaes hic etd by P whe? = ad ste input variable, Each Bt Conbinton dts formed tcuptlins icles wed Taso essential any ‘amber tht dents one of ems of nara th umber of per won {tbe rumber of opt ines . “huey the ROM is ented by 2" m wher she inet aisle and she capt “Te ahaa of sing ROM prorammabl loge device ae (0) taseof design since no singleton innit flog acon eed. Desgncane change mildly £3) ts only faster tan act SSINIST iat (3) Contin reuse. ‘Ani Programmable Logle Array (PLA) : PLA ia 1p of fed acbitectre lope cic wit progranmatie AND gat lowed by pogarmale OR gaps. The PLAS ‘Selo iplemet «onl onbitonl iat, PLA ae ee in VUST Beas ee ‘ete bythe regular AND and OF ars i less than the aren reuited by randomly lorconnete ates Several PLAS abo incl ip Map as trae element ean awed9 produce apy tly fiat ot poe crepe! 3 ovison of pearing by F Bling ce plc of PLA ch hss, ed PLAS ny AND PASS en AND marge Aexbletn Pate isi nes which are passed through AND array which Sa Outputs of AND gates are then fed tothe ping moines.