Line is inclined to both Plane ( HP & VP)

TYPE 1
Given Front View (FV)Or Elevation Length (EL) & Top View(TV) Or Plan Length(PL)
Find True length(TL) and True Inclination θ & ϕ
θ Line is inclined to HP or XY and ϕ Line is inclined to VP or XY

[When FV & TV known, How to find True Length.(Views are rotated to determine True Length
& it’s inclinations with HP & VP). ] fig:1

1. Top View (TV) is rotated and made Parallel ( // ) to XY line, hence it's corresponding
View is True Length (TL) i.e. a' b'1 and True Inclination with HP(θ) fig:2
2. Front View (FV) is rotated and made Parallel ( // ) to XY line, hence it's corresponding
View is True Length (TL) i.e. a b1 and True Inclination with VP (ϕ) fig:2

fig:1 fig:2
When true length (TL) is known. How to find Front view(FV) & Top view(TV) fig:3
1. TL is projected upto other view (corresponding view) & then rotated to find EL & PL
( reverse of above process) fig:4

fig:3 fig:4
 REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING POINTS WHILE SOLVING PROJECTION
OF LINES PROBLEMS

1. Every line has only & only one True length

2. True Length (TL) of a line in FV, TV, SV remains the same
3. FV & TV length will be shorter than the TL
4. If a view of a line is parallel to XY, its other view or corresponding view is always TL and
converse is also true (vice-a-versa)

5. If any line is parallel to any one reference plane, then the view obtained in that reference
plane is always TL

6. θ= Line is inclined to HP or XY and ϕ =Line is inclined to VP or XY

7. Only EL or PL is rotated to find TL (Elevation Length, Plan Length)
8. Elevation length=Front View Length & Plan length =Top View length
9. FV makes, FV line is inclined, Elevation makes, Apparent angle with HP represent α
10. TV makes, TV line is inclined, Plan makes, Apparent angle with VP represent β
11. α is always greater than θ
12. β is always greater than ϕ

If (θ = ϕ) then α= β
PL ≤ TL EL ≤ TL (θ + ϕ) ≤ 90 0
α >θ β>ϕ (θ + ϕ)= 900 then α= β=900
13. Draw only EL & PL as visible line (0.5mm thickness)
14. Draw TL, XY, projection line, Projector, Dimension lines etc as thin lines
(0.13mm thickness)
15. when EL or PL is rotated show the direction of rotation by arrow
16. Never extend true length (TL) to interest XY to find out the traces of line
Traces of a Line

17. Points h & v always on x-y line

18. VT & v always on one projector. and HT & h always on one projector.
19. FV - h -VT always co-linear and TV - v - HT always co-linear.
Given EL & PL

Find TL, θ & ϕ

1. End A of a line AB is 15mm above HP & 20mm in front of VP while its end B is 50mm
above HP and 75mm in front of VP. The distance between end projectors of the line is
50mm. Draw projections of the line and find its true length and true inclination with the
principal planes. Also mark its traces.
2. The point A of line AB is 15 mm above HP and is in VP. The FV and TV of line AB
makes 40 ̊ and 35 ̊ with XY line respectively. Draw the projections if the projector
distance between the end points of the line is 60 mm. Find TL, True inclinations made by
line. Locate the traces. PU – May 2013 [12]
3. The point A of line AB is in HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The FV and TV of line makes
40 ̊ and 45 ̊ with HP and VP respectively. Draw the projections if the projector distance
between end points of the line is 70 mm. Find true length and true inclinations, also
locate the traces of line.
4. A line AB has its end point A on the HP and 25 mm in front of the VP. The length of line
AB in plan is 40 mm and in elevation is 50 mm. The plan of the line is making an angle
of 30 ̊ to XY line. Draw the projections of the line. Find TL and true inclinations. Also
locate the traces.

Given TL, θ & ϕ

Find EL & PL
1. A line AB, 70mm long, has its end A 15mm above HP and 20mm in front of VP. It is
inclined at 30° to HP and 45°to VP. Draw its projections and mark its traces.

2. A line AB has its end point A 15 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. Line AB is
making an angle of 20 ̊ to HP. Length of the line in TV is 90 mm. End B of the line is
equidistant from both the principal planes. Find inclination of the line with VP and its
true length. Locate the traces.

3. A line AB, 80 mm long has its end point A 15 mm above HP. Line makes an angle of 30 ̊
with HP and 45 ̊ with VP. End B of the line is 100 mm in front of VP. Draw projections
of the line. Find distance of end A from VP. Locate the traces.

4. A line AB has its end A 30 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. Line makes 30 ̊ to
HP and 45 ̊ to VP. PD between ends A and B is 47 mm. Draw the projections of the line
and find the TL and locate the traces.
Given TL, EL & PL

Find θ & ϕ

1. A straight line AB, 70 mm long, has its end A at 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of
VP. Its FV and TV measures 50 mm and 60 mm respectively. Draw the projections of
line and determine its inclinations with HP and VP, also locate the traces of line.
2. The TV of 80 mm long line AB measures 50 mm. The point A is 50 mm in front of VP
and 20 mm above HP. The point B is 20 mm in front of VP and is above HP. Draw the
projection of a line AB and find its inclination with HP and VP, also locate the traces of
line.
3. The point P of 75 mm long line PQ is in HP while its other end is in VP. The projector
distance between the end points of the line PQ is 50 mm. Draw the projections, if its plan
measures 60 mm. Find inclination made by the line with HP and VP, also locate the
traces of line.
4. The FV of 80 mm long line AB measures 50 mm. The end point B is in VP while its plan
measures 70 mm. Draw the projection if a point A lies in HP. Find inclinations made by
the line with HP and VP, also locate the traces of line.
5. The point A of line AB is in HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The FV and TV of line makes
40 ̊ and 45 ̊ with HP and VP respectively. Draw the projections if the projector distance
between end points of the line is 70 mm. Find true length and true inclinations, also
locate the traces of line.[1]

Combination Problems

1. A line AB, 75 mm long is inclined at an angle of 35 ̊ to the VP. Its end point A is 20 mm
above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. Plan length of the line is 50 mm. Draw the projections
of the line AB assuming it to be in first quadrant. Also locate the traces.

2. .

3. A line AB, 65 mm long has its end point A is 20 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP.
EL and PL of the line are same and is of length 50 mm. Draw the projections of the line AB
assuming it to be in first quadrant. Also locate the traces.
4. traces.
5. The elevation of a straight line CD is 60 mm long and is inclined at 60 ̊ to XY. The end point
C is 15 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of the line if it is
inclined at 30 ̊ to HP and is completely in the first quadrant. Find TL, true inclination with VP
and locate the traces.
6. The point P of a line PQ is 25 mm above HP while its end Q is 15 mm in front of VP. Its plan
and elevation makes 40 ̊ and 35 ̊ with XY respectively. Draw the projections; if the PD
between the end points of line PQ is 60 mm. Find the inclinations made by the line with HP
and VP. Locate the traces.
7. A line AB has its end point A 10 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The length of the
line in the elevation is 65 mm. End B of the line is 30 mm above HP. Line is inclined to VP
at an angle of 40 ̊. Draw projections of the line. Find TL of the line and its inclinations with
HP and VP. Locate the traces.
8. A line AB, 80 mm long has its end point A 15 mm above HP. Line makes an angle of 30 ̊
with HP and 45 ̊ with VP. End B of the line is 100 mm in front of VP. Draw projections of
the line. Find distance of end A from VP. Locate the traces
9. Point P of a straight line PQ is 25 mm above HP and point Q is 65 mm in front of VP. The
line makes an angle of 30 ̊ with HP and its plan is at 45 ̊ to XY line. Draw projections of the
line if the plan length is 70 mm. Find the TL of a line and angle made by line with VP.
Locate the traces.
10. Point P of 75 mm long line PQ is 25 mm above HP while its end point Q is 20 mm in front of
VP. Its plan makes 46 ̊ with XY while, the projector distance between the end points of line
is 50 mm. Draw the projections of a line and find the inclinations made by it with HP and
VP. Locate the traces.
11. A line AB, has its end point A 20 mm in front of VP. The length of the line in elevation is 65
mm and it is inclined to XY line at 40 ̊. Line makes an angle of 30 ̊ to HP. Mid point of the
line AB is 45 mm above HP. Draw the projections of the line and find TL and true
inclination with VP. Locate the traces.
12. A line AB, 50 mm long is inclined to VP at an angle of 30 ̊. Its end point A is 12 mm above
HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Line AB contained by a plane perpendicular to VP and
making an angle of 45 ̊ to the HP. Draw the projections of the line AB. Find the inclination of
the line with VP and locate its traces.

Special case

13. A line AB is of length 75 mm has its end B 15 mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP. End
A of the line is on the VP. Sum of inclinations of the line with principal planes HP and VP is
 90 ̊. Draw the projections of the line. Find the inclinations of the line with HP and VP.
Locate the traces. (special)

14. A line AB, 80 mm long is inclined at an angle of 30 ̊ to HP and 45 ̊ to VP. Mid point of the
line is 70 mm above the HP and 65 mm in front of VP. Draw projections of the line. Locate
the traces.

15. A line AB, 80 mm long is inclined at an angle of 30 ̊ to HP and 45 ̊ to VP. Point P of the
line is 45 mm above HP and 55 mm in front of VP. Draw projections of the line when P is a
point situated on AB and is 30 mm away from A. Locate the traces.