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Human Nutrition Part1

The document outlines the components of a balanced diet, detailing essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. It explains the role and parts of the digestive system, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion, as well as the difference between physical and chemical digestion. Additionally, it describes the production and function of bile in the digestive process.

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cingsuanciin2809
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8 views5 pages

Human Nutrition Part1

The document outlines the components of a balanced diet, detailing essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. It explains the role and parts of the digestive system, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion, as well as the difference between physical and chemical digestion. Additionally, it describes the production and function of bile in the digestive process.

Uploaded by

cingsuanciin2809
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Created by Turbolearn AI

Human Nutrition

Balanced Diet
A balanced diet consists of all food groups in the correct proportions to provide
the necessary nutrients for survival.

Essential Nutrients

Page 1
Created by Turbolearn AI

Carbohydrates
Provide energy for respiration in cells.
Examples: rice, pasta, and potatoes.
Fats and oils
Used as long-term energy stores.
A layer of fat under the skin acts as insulation.
Examples: cheese, fatty meats, and butter.
Proteins
Vital for growth and repair of tissues, as all cells contain protein.
Found in: fish, meat, and eggs.
Vitamin C
Maintains healthy skin and gums.

A deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by wounds that don't


heal and excessive bleeding.

Found in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons.


Vitamin D
Helps the body absorb calcium for strong bones and teeth.

A deficiency leads to rickets, causing weak and soft bones and


deformities.

Found in: dairy products, fish oil, and eggs.


Mineral ions
Calcium: needed for strong bones and teeth, and plays a role in blood
clotting.
Found in: milk, cheese, and eggs.
Iron: needed to make hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Found in: red meat and green vegetables like spinach.
Fiber roughage
Helps food move through the stomach and intestines.
Found in: vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
Water
Needed for chemical reactions in cells.
Obtained from drinks and food.

‍Digestive System

Page 2
Created by Turbolearn AI

Role of the Digestive System


To break down large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble food molecules,
providing the body with nutrients.

Parts of the Digestive System


Alimentary Canal:
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Duodenum f irstpart
Ileum secondpart
Large intestine
Colon largerpart
Rectum
Anus
Associated Organs:
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder

Functions of the Digestive System

Function Definition

Ingestion Taking substances e. g. , f oodanddrink into the body.


Digestion The breakdown of food.
Absorption Movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood.
Assimilation Uptake and use of nutrients by cells.
Egestion Removal of undigested food from the body as feces.

Physical vs. Chemical Digestion

Page 3
Created by Turbolearn AI

Physical Digestion:

Breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change,


increasing the surface area for enzymes.

Carried out by:


Teeth in the mouth
Stomach
Bile in the duodenum
Chemical Digestion:

Breakdown of food molecules using enzymes.

Teeth
Types of Teeth:
Incisors: for biting and cutting.
Canines: for tearing, holding, and biting.
Premolars and Molars: for chewing and grinding.
Structure of a Tooth:
Enamel
Dentine
Pulp cavity containsnervesandbloodvessels
Cement
Embedded in bone and gums

Physical Digestion in the Stomach


Stomach walls squeeze food to liquefy it.
Muscles in the stomach lining contract to mix food with digestive juices.

Bile

Page 4
Created by Turbolearn AI

Production and Storage:


Produced in the liver.
Stored in the gall bladder.
Released into the duodenum through the bile duct.
Functions:
Neutralizes hydrochloric acid from the stomach alkaline.
Emulsifies large fat droplets into smaller ones, increasing surface area for
chemical digestion.
Bile

−
Large F at Droplets → Smaller F at Droplets

Page 5

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