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LX 132 VF 15

The document provides an overview of the X Window system, including its advantages, client/server architecture, and how to start and manage X clients. It explains the role of XFree86 as the implementation for Linux and details the use of commands like 'startx' and 'xhost' for managing access and displaying applications. Additionally, it includes examples of nxterm options and running applications over TCP/IP.

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18 views18 pages

LX 132 VF 15

The document provides an overview of the X Window system, including its advantages, client/server architecture, and how to start and manage X clients. It explains the role of XFree86 as the implementation for Linux and details the use of commands like 'startx' and 'xhost' for managing access and displaying applications. Additionally, it includes examples of nxterm options and running applications over TCP/IP.

Uploaded by

mhmdfoad66
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to

X Windows

IBM Learning Services


Objectives

After completing this unit, students should be able to:


List the advantages of working in an X Window
environment
Explain the X Window client/server model
Start X Window and initiate X clients
Move, resize, maximize, minimize and close X Window
Start an nxterm window
Display remote clients on your system
What is X Window?

Network-based graphics system

Developed at MIT in 1984

Freely available from the X-Consortium

XFree86 is the X Window implementation used in Linux

Enables you to run graphical applications


An X Window Network Configuration

Networked workstations and file servers


Heterogeneous environment
A client/server environment

Linux Linux UNIX


Workstation Server Workstation

UNIX OS/2
Server Windows98
Windows NT
Client/Server Architecture

Screen Keyboard Mouse

XFree86 (X Server)

Window
Application 1 Application n
Manager
X Client

X clients are the applications themselves which the user


runs under the X Window system

Some examples of X clients are programs such as:


nxterm, xterm, xclock, xcalc, xman, xedit,
xlsfont

X clients can be started from the command line or from


special startup files

Most X clients share the same options for specifying


attributes such as foreground color, background color,
display name, window geometry and font
X Server

Each X Server:
Controls one keyboard, one mouse and one or more
screens
Allows simultaneous access by several clients
Performs basic graphic operations
Provides information such as fonts and colors
Routes keyboard and mouse input to the correct clients
Starting X Window

$ startx
root
window

Clients
Start Menu
nxterm

Windows - Minimize
Operation - Maximize
Menu - Close

Athena
Scroll
Bar
nxterm Options

-bg Specifies the color for the window background.


-fg Specifies the color for the window foreground.
-geometry Specifies the location and dimension of a
window.
-title Sets the title bar name but not the icon name.
-n Sets the icon and title bar name.
-display Identifies the hostname and the X Server
display number where the nxterm command
is to run.
nxterm Options Examples

The following examples illustrate some of the most


commonly used command line options:
$ nxterm -fg red -bg blue -title What?? &
$ nxterm -display sysb:0 &
$ nxterm -geometry 80x24+0+0 &
Running a Client on Another System

sysa sysb
Fvwm95

xeyes XFree86

$ rsh sysa /usr/X11R6/bin/xeyes -display sysb:0


Applications Over TCP/IP

On the receiving end (server)


xhost +

And on the receiving end (server)


$ rsh client xapplication -display client:0.0

Or on the sending end (client)


$ xapplication -display client:0.0
or
$ export DISPLAY=client:0.0
$ xapplication
The xhost Command

The xhost command controls who can have access to


the X Server on the current host machine (server).

The xhost command adds and deletes hosts on the list of


machines from which the X Server accepts connections

Syntax:
$xhost [+|-] [hostname]
Checkpoint

1. What is the function of XFree86?

2. What is the function of a window manager?

3. What would the following command do ?


$xcalc -bg red -fg white &
Checkpoint (2)

4. Assume two system: ams (in Amsterdam) and stock (in


Stockholm). What would be the result if the following
command was issued from the X Window environment
on stock?
$rsh ams xcalc -display stock:0
Unit Summary

X Window is the graphical environment for UNIX.

XFree86 is the X Window implementation used on Linux

Start X Window using the startx command

Use X Window to move, resize, maximize, minimize and


close windows

Use the DISPLAY variable or the -display option to


designate which server a client will send its output to.

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