Quarter 1 – WEEK 1: The Influence of Media and Information to Communication

COMMUNICATION

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another
(SkillsYouNeed, 2020). Process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means,
including speech, or oral communication; writing and graphical representations (such as infographics,
maps, and charts); and signs, signals, and behavior (Nordquist, 2020). Communication is the use of
messages to generate meaning, both within and across a myriad of cultures, contexts, channels, and
media. (What is Communications Studies?, 2020).

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

8 parts of Communication as presented by What is communication (2012)

1. Source - it imagines, creates, and sends the message. In a public speaking situation, the source is
the person giving the speech. He or she conveys the message by sharing new information with
the audience. The speaker also conveys a message through his or her tone of voice, body
language, and choice of clothing. This process of turning thoughts into communication is called
encoding.
2. Message - is the meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience. When you plan
to give a speech or write a report, your message may seem to be only the words you choose
that will convey your meaning. But that is just the beginning. The words are brought together
with grammar and organization. You may choose to save your most important point for last. The
 message also consists of the way you say it—in a speech, with your tone of voice, your body
language, and your appearance—and in a report, with your writing style, punctuation, and the
headings and formatting you choose.
3. Channel - is the way in which a message or messages travel between source and receiver (What
Is Communication?, 2012). There are multiple communication channels available to us today.
These include face?to-face conversations, letters, telephone calls, text messages, email, the
Internet (including social media such as Facebook and Twitter), blogs, tweets radio and TV,
written letters, brochures and reports (SkillsYouNeed, 2020) and so forth.
4. Receiver - it receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in
ways both intended and unintended by the source. In order to receive a message, she or he
listens, sees, touches, smells, and/or tastes to receive a message. The process of turning
communication into thoughts is called decoding. The receiver decodes the message.
5. Feedback - when the receiver responds to the source, intentionally or unintentionally, she/he is
giving feedback. Feedback is composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source.
Verbal or nonverbal, all these feedback signals allow the source to see how well, how accurately
(or how poorly and inaccurately) the message was received. Feedback also provides an
opportunity for the receiver or audience to ask for clarification, to agree or disagree, or to
indicate that the source could make the message more interesting.
6. Environment - is the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where an individual sends and
receives messages. This can include the tables, chairs, lighting, and sound equipment that are in
the room. The room itself is an example of the environment. The environment can also include
factors like formal dress that may indicate whether a discussion is open and caring or more
professional and formal. The choice to text is influenced by the environment.
7. Context - the context of the communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and
expectations of the individuals involved. A professional communication context may involve
business suits (environmental cues) that directly or indirectly influence expectations of language
and behavior among the participants.
8. Interference or noise – this is anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of
the message. For example, if you drove a car to work or school, chances are you were
surrounded by noise. Car horns, billboards, or perhaps the radio in your car interrupted your
thoughts, or your conversation with a passenger. Psychological noise is what happens when
your thoughts occupy your attention while you are hearing, or reading, a message. Stereotypes,
reputations, assumptions, and biases are examples of psychological noise which affect
communication. Interference can come from other sources, too. Perhaps you are hungry, and
your attention to your current situation interferes with your ability to listen. Maybe the office is
hot and stuffy. Not all noise is bad, but noise interferes with the communication process.

Media and information influence to communication:

Media and information technology play a vital role in globalization. Through these, we become
connected to different people around the world. These have a significant influence on the modern
 culture and become tools in sharing information, ideas, personal messages, and other content and
have become more widespread and accessible.

Media, particularly social media provides great ways to connect, to interact, and to communicate
with friends and family while living separately. We can share pictures, videos, some information
among our friends who are far away from us. Through social media, you can make strong your
existing relationships and can make new friends from all over the world through different social
networking websites (A Research Guide for Students, 2019). Social media reduce the barriers of
communication and making it easier for everyone to express their thoughts to the world (EASE
Technology Solutions, 2016).

While media can be a good channel for communication and a good source of information, they also
pose some threats to users.

1. Media becomes a source of misinformation and fake news. These sometimes are utilized to
push personal gain and agenda, making the receiver of the information deceived, confused and
misinformed.
2. Though media help us improve the way we communicate, it is also abused by many. Everybody
publishes whatever they want and unmindful of the consequences of their posts. Social media
made everyone feel that they are allowed to say whatever comes to their mind, making them
say things that they would not normally say on personal encounters, thus fueling up bullying
(EASE Technology Solutions, 2016).
3. Media can also pose medical, social and psychological issues. What is posted on media may
cause dissatisfaction with body image, creates addiction, promote identity stealing and can
destroy interpersonal relationships.

QUARTER 1 – WEEK 2:

INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Literacy: The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using
printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of
learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential,
and participate fully in their community and wider society.

Media: The physical objects used to communicate with, or the mass communication through
physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object
used to communicate messages.

Media Literacy: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It
aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills)
necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
 Information: A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience,
instruction, signals or symbols.

Information Literacy: The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate,
and effectively communicate information in its various formats.

Technology Literacy: The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to
responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.

Media and Information Literacy: The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to
engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking
and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.

Media - physical objects used to communicate including mass media (radio, television, computers,
film, etc.). Traditionally, media are source of credible information in which contents are provided
through an editorial process determined by journalistic values and where editorial accountability
can be attributed to an organization or a legal person. In more recent years the term ‘media’ is often
used to include new online media.

Information Literacy - includes the competencies to be effective in all stages of the lifecycle of
documents of all kinds, the capacity to understand the ethical implications of these documents, and
the ability to behave in an ethical way throughout these stages

Quarter 1 – WEEK 3:

Evolution of Media

1. Pre-Industrial Age Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)

People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone,
bronze, copper and iron.
 Other examples:

• Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC)

• Dibao in China (2nd Century)

• Codex in the Mayan region (5th Century)

• Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD

2. Industrial Age
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People used the power of steam, developed machine tools,
established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books
through the printing press).
 Other Examples:
• Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640)
• Typewriter (1800)
• Telephone (1876)
• Motion picture photography/projection (1890)
• Commercial motion pictures (1913)
• Motion picture with sound (1926)
• Punch cards

3. Electronic Age

Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age.
People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits,
and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient.

Example Forms of Media:

• Transistor Radio
 • Television (1941)

• Large electronic computers

• Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704 (1960)

• OHP, LCD projectors

TRANSISTOR RADIO

TELEVISION 1941

MAINFRAME COMPUTER

LARGE ELECTRONIC COMPUTER

The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People
advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and
wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the
information age.

• Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet Explorer (1995)

• Blogs: Blogspot (1999), Wordpress (2003)

• Social networks: Friendster (2002), Multiply (2003), FB (2004), Instagram

• Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007)

• Video: YouTube (2005)

• Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality

• Video chat: Skype (2003

• Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo (1995)

• Portable computers- laptops (1980), netbooks (2008), tablets (1993)

• Smart phones • Wearable technology • Cloud and Big Data

PORTABLE LAPTOP 1980

TABLET 1993
FRIENDSTER 2002