Problem Based Learning


 
 

Problem based Learning (PBL)     
!"#$%"&'(&)
*
&)
+  
!",&)
-.

"&'( #$%" !",-!" 
/ 0"
1 (Neufeld & Barrow,1974; Schmidt,1993; Barrows, 2000)
2
3./1 .
$  
 
00 PBL 
1. &'(&)


$
0
4,1 (Problem comes first) -!" 
.5$"
0#.&'( (case / scenario) ,5
6

.

7
.
71/8  &'((Problems).#. 94,1.&)

 2"
%"-!" 
5&0"
"!
 !",0/8 ,+0&'(

7
:  !

!"
#
$% "&' ()
* +,( 
71
7.5 &!7
-!" 
5.&)
 
#$ 0    +,
%$,
0"!
 !","1 ,
/+0&'(  /8%
#. $
1

7
 .
$  
 
00 PBL
7
-!" 
 !"%
 ,1,/
1.43
"  5 ,-
 0
   
 

7" -!" 
.5$"
 !" 

7
.  0"
1    & &,
 !" 
0 , 
#$ !%"   

0
2

(facilitate)   

2. 
7"1 0!  (Integration) 
,1.&'(%
. 1&)
&'(,
09
09"

&,
&1&'..

$ (ILL Structured Problem) .415 8+0 "&'(5$"
#$%" !". %$
4,1 #$;1,1&'(.60&%

5" 
"1 /+0.
 $
1

7

82& 11  
!" (Educational objectives) %
#.&'( (case /
scenario) .41& 0$"
7 !".
3.   
!"#$ & 881%
2 (Small group session / Tutorial session) -!" 
.
 
!"-
1 & 881%
2 94,1&)
#%
 /%"$ .1
$ (Elaboration) %


7,5$"5&43  "
71
15$"# 
!". &,
$6
.,
%
2$"  5$"
& 881
1/%"-!" 
5$" <
3 $1. (
(Critical Thinking) 
,1."1+0 
"0/81,
%
2,.5
$.
%
$6
,
5$"
5& &)
#%"-!" 
5$" <

3 , 
71%
*
-!"!$ 8$"! (Transmit message) %
*
-!"='1 (Receive message)
< /1
&)
  0100
",%
2 
& +
 

 $
%
2
00
",1
%
2 .-
$&,
2

5& ,%"2
5$"#%
 /
",&)
-!"
/
-!" 1-%" 8/1
&)
5$"1& +
4.   
!"$"
1 (Self Directed Learning)  .
$  
 
00 PBL
7 ."1
/
0%"-!" 
5$"/ 43"
"$"
1 $
1."1& >%
 1
1
$.

71
7,

 

    


: Sept 2006 1
&)

0 1(guaranteed)5$" .
$ %"-!" 
5$"43$"
11". 1 
3  
!"$"

1   SDL 841 ,-!" 
 833
- /
$ Learning needs 1
15$" !"
1
1$ !"5 0"1 ,
"1 %
 0&'(%
#.
- !"1,.0"
"!

7
: 5$" (identifying resource)
- /
$+  
!",
0
15$" 143
- & 
-  
!"1
15$"

,",""&&(-.

*/,, PBL


7 !"   
82 & 1 43%
%$ : %
  
 
00$ (Traditional
method ,& 0$" 
000   <&>0
  <
 &)
"
) .8!/
$#$
 !-!"
#$!5$"/
41841"1 1-!" 
!5$"%"/
( 6-!" 
5$"$  
!"
" 515 7 
%"/
(84100
",1 ! 65$"
"7 94,1&)
 
"
 !&)
/
( 
.
$  
 
,
"
 !&)
/
( 5%"$-$
0-!" 


 $
1

7
.41 &
0&,
 0



 (Paradigm shift) %
$"
 43. 6
"
 !&)
/
( (Teacher centered : Pedagogy)7 &)
6
"

-!" 
&)
/
( (Student centered : Andragogy)7 
71
7001 !%
0 0%
7"1&,
5&.$$"




*0 001 !&,
.-!"%""!  !" (Information provider / Instructor of
knowledge) &)
6,717 

0
2
%"-!" 
$  
!" (Learning facilitator)#$55$"%""!
#$ 17
1" (Guide on the side) // 6. -!" 
. !"4 8 
!"5$"$" 6
17
. 1 :

PBL !.
PBL 6
$
0 .
$  
 
!&00,
: 
71"$ " .
/5&%"1"1
. %"%"$"1
01,
5&'..
180


- 1 .
$  
 
00 PBL
1. 

0
2
%"$  
!"%

4 (Deep approach) 94,11-%"-!" 
 
1"%.
 8.$./5$"

(Promote understanding and learning retention)
2. 

0
2
%"$  
!"$"
1 94,1&)
20
./&)
,2
    8
?
5&
&)
-!",  
!"$ (Life Long Learner) 1-%" 8&>0

",5$"12
& +

 

    


: Sept 2006 2
 3. 
,1.#.&'(,%"%
  
.%"#.&'(,
0
5",.60&$"# ,00
/
(1+ 2 1-%"-!" 
6
/
(1,1, 

0 &>0
1
%


 /%"$ 1.!1%.%
  
!" (Motivation) /%" 
.$./5$"$47

4. 
71 !-!" 

2
0  
%

-!" 
!"4
2
0  
 5$"00%

 
!"1 (Play active part) 
 & 881%
1 /2 %
 !66


?
 1$"
$
31 : ,$47
%

-!" 

.
7 !
15$"# 
!"
" ( #.&)
000!  ) ,
/
(#$ 
!"5&
0-!" 
 86

,#11 1 : 5$"
$.
47
/%"$$"15
5. 1 

0
2
 /1
&)
 94,1& +& +- /1
$,
6. 1 

0
2
%"# <
3 ,   "&'(  $1. (
 
" 2&,
$"1&)
"

- *1 .
$  
 
00 PBL
1. -!" 
.5
,
%.%
 !",
"
"  5 8/
$
82& 15$"1
$.
/
%"$5
,
%.$ $  $
5&.- 0%
10
,
0  
5$"
2. "1%",47

71 -!" 
-!"
-!" 

,1."1"
"43$"
1.41
"1 47
,0
0  
#$ ='10  -!"
."1%"
"1
%
1  1/
",&)
Tutor %
2 &)
"

3. 
7%

 7
*
(Basic sciences) 8!
$
1 "$
1&)
. 1
,1,8!
$
5&.5./&)
%
  
 
%
   .
5./&)
%
  
 
%
$
0& (( $
1

7

7,15".&)

7,,"1

0     
!"%

7
&@,!147
5& (Clinical years) $
1

7
.41&)
 , Relevancy
of knowledge 94,1
.&)
-$-!" 

4.   
 
00 PBL
7.5
0-!" 
,50 & 881 0='1
5. %
 ,./

-!" 
 "1  12
 
71
$2  %
 0  .
$ 
 8&)
5&5$"

%

,&)
" .6
5$"."1 $ A 

1 .
$  
 
1
,1
/ &
0&,
"56
 ,%"$& #
!1!$-!" 

.
7."1  
-!" 
%"
0 !" 

841
",
0-$0%
  
!"$"
1 %"/& 43%
 1  
,.

1&
0
55$" "1  !%" 

84100,&,
5& 5.&)
 
%
2   
0 
 
$ & 
- &)
"

71
75$"$/

 1 08"
. 8$
&'( 
"1  
00
715$"0"1

 

    


: Sept 2006 3
!!"
0$1-.

*/,, PBL
1. 21#.&'( (Case / Scenario) "1
$.
 2"
 !"6
1-!" 

5$"&)
1$
2.  /1
%
2 -!" 
"1 !"
",&A%
 /2
3. 001 !%
2 (Tutor / Facilitator)  !"1 

84100
",,&,
5&
4. , 

1  
   
!",
: %" "
"1-!" 

*0
  
 
00 PBL    
 
,
1. &'(&)


$
0  5  -!" 
%

7 !"

7
1
"
2. -!" 
./

5-8 
./1


%
 +0&'(1 : &, >%
#. #$ !


0
2
  
!"!$"
3. 
71/8 "
&'(.#.
4. %" !"$%
 0/8 "&'(
5. /
$,1,"15& 
!",,.5$"0/8 "&'(5$"18!"1 08"

6. 43"
"$"
1
7. 
00

%
2
71,& 881 !",
5$"5&"
" /%"
$.
,147

8. & 
- /1
1
1 (Self assessment) & 
- /1
12 (Peer
assessment) ,
/- & 
5&&)
"!"

0 (Feedback) %
 
?

1

1"11
1. Neufeld VR, Barrow HS, (1974) 6The McMaster philosophy7: An approach to medical education.
Journal of Medical Education 49(11):1040-1050.
2. Schmidt HG (1993) Foundation of problem-based learning: some exploratory notes. Medical
Education 27:422-432
3. Barrow HS (2000) Problem-Based Learning Applied to Medical Education. Revised edition.
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
4. QueenFs University at Kingston : http://meds.queensu.ca
5. Vernon & Blake, 1993 Academic Medicine 67,557-562
6. BMJ 326:328-30;2003

 

    


: Sept 2006 4